实用主义:过去与现在

本文分 4个部分 :1 .经典的实用主义。讲述皮尔斯、詹姆士和杜威这三个代表人物的学说 ,强调他们的自然主义立场和反形而上学唯心论的观点 ;2 .“转向语言”之后的实用主义。介绍2 0世纪美国哲学在接受“转向语言”洗礼之后出现的新趋势 ,特别是奎因、塞拉斯、普特南复活了有实用主义倾向的整体论、反基础论和自然主义 ;3.反再现论的实用主义。实用主义者认为语言是工具而不是再现世界本来面目的图像 ,否认知识是精确再现实在或者符合实在的看法。戴维森更是直截了当地说“信念有真有假 ,但并不再现任何事物”;4.实用主义与人类的自我形象。实用主义者一向反对柏拉图、亚里士多德所主张的以认知为中心的人类形象。在这一方面他们得到了大陆哲学家如尼采、海德格尔、萨特、德里达等人的呼应。全文勾画出 2 0世纪美国实用主义演变的主要脉络 ,是一篇条理分明的历史性概述。     

Past and Present: Reflections on Citizenship within New Zealand

The paper discusses historical and emerging dimensions of citizenship within Aotearoa/New Zealand. Drawing on Turner's work, it explores the utility of Marshallian distinctions of civil, political and social citizenship. These evolutionary notions are seen as problematic, given the historical treatment of the Chinese community, and the abrogation of the Treaty of Waitangi with respect to European–Maori relationships. Ideas of the "worker citizen", "military citizen" and "parent citizen" are discussed in relation to historical foundations of entitlement and their contemporary challenges. Considerations include a shift to non-standard employment, reconceptualization of New Zealand's role as a Pacific nation, and demographic and value shifts. The non-governmental sector as a "fourth" route to entitlement is examined, including notions of community capacity-building with particular respect to Maori. The paper concludes with a commentary on current debates around the nature and shape of New Zealand nationality, identity and citizenship. Ecological debates include the use and guardianship of natural resources and the opposition of public opinion to genetic modification. Indigenous developments include the assertion of Treaty rights by Maori in relation to land, language and economic and social development. Cultural dimensions include the changing population structure as reflected in the growth of Pacific Island nations, Asian populations and the refugee community. The interplay of these ecological, indigenous and cultural dimensions will help define emergent citizenships for Aotearoa/New Zealand in the twenty-first century.     

英国街坊文教馆的今昔

19世纪下半叶出现的英国街坊文教馆，对英国社会工作和社会政策的发展做出了重要贡献。从某种意义上说，英国街坊文教馆是一种慈善机构，但是其工作范围和影响远比慈善活动的要广泛得多。本文阐述了英国街坊文教馆产生的社会背景、所承担社会工作以及文教馆的地位等问题。     

妇女问题的历史、现状与未来

妇女观是指社会对妇女的看法 ,人类的妇女观经历了从“文化人”、“经济人”、“政治人”到普遍人权及可持续发展观的演变 ;考察妇女问题有三个维度 ,分别以男人、人和妇女自身作为参照系 ,并对应于平等、博爱、自由三个层面内涵 ;从总体上看 ,妇女问题的症结在于生理基础—分工选择—环境强化综合因素的作用 ,因而需从生产力、生产关系与社会文明三个层次着手加以解决。妇女问题的实质是社会分工所导致的人类生产异化的结果 ,解决妇女问题有赖于社会文明的全面进步与社会总异化的彻底消除 ,从根本上有赖于社会全面、自由与和谐的发展。     

奥帆基地的前世今生

2008年8月,青岛成功举办了第29届奥运会帆船比赛。从此,浮山湾畔的奥帆基地成为了岛城又一张亮丽的名片。奥帆基地所在的燕儿岛曾有怎样的往昔?在成功举办了奥帆赛后又有怎样的变化?不妨走近燕儿岛,起了解奥帆基地的前世今生。燕儿岛又称燕岛,在浮山湾东端,是一个突出海中的岬角。有关它的早期描述,往往都是与浮山所紧密相关。据史料     

The Status of Psychiatric Inpatient Group Therapy: Past,Present, and Future

This article examines the history, current conditions, and future possibilities of psychiatric inpatient group psychotherapy. Attention is directed toward exploring the purpose, structure, theoretical perspectives, and empirical research of inpatient group therapy. Trends in inpatient care are contextualized within a historical perspective and current politics of care. Future challenges to the viability of inpatient groups, including fiscal pressures, high patient acuity, shorter stays, and pressures for evidence-based practices, are considered.     

The Flesh and the World: Intercorporeal Body-selves,Ageing and Dancing

ABSTRACT

In this paper I address the role that embodiment, embodied consciousness and what can be termed “extradiscursive” experiences such as body memory and ekstasis as a form of ecstatic experience assume in understanding the body-self of mature dancers. I argue that the body-self of the dancer becomes increasingly intersubjective in maturity through her/his bodily practice, and that this can be understood in terms of the notions of intercorporeity, and of the “flesh” derived from the phenomenology of Merleau-Ponty. I argue that ways of manifestation of intercorporeity in bodily experience are discursively elusive, drawing on two forms of bodily experience—body memory and ekstasis—and examining experiences narrated by mature dancers who were interviewed in my Ph. D. study on ageing, gender and dancers' bodies. I contend that the experience of ekstasis is the “glue” of a corporeal subjectivity that transforms itself through momentary identification with the world, that calls on the invisible as well as the visible. Body memory also challenges Western dualist conceptions of consciousness and bodily experience, and is more easily aligned with Eastern understandings of consciousness as embodied. Finally, I suggest that the concept of body memory is useful for imbuing the body-subject with a cohesion and authenticity through the body's capacity for nonconscious remembrance of movement through a proprioceptively stored “body history,” which enables the constitution of a coherent body-self in older age.     

Pictures from the Past:

In this paper, the diagnostic and treatment implications of reminiscence are analyzed. It is argued that the social worker can enlist clients' memories of the post in order to help them cope with the present. Care histories are presented, and the author suggests four ways in which reminiscence may serve therapeutic purposes.