生计策略对农村留守妇女婚姻满意度的影响①——性生活质量的调节作用

构建性生活质量调节下的生计策略对婚姻满意度影响分析框架,利用安徽巢湖问卷调查数据,本文以非留守妇女和准留守妇女为参照,描述了农村留守妇女的生计策略、性生活质量和婚姻满意度现状,并采用有序回归方法对生计策略和性生活质量对婚姻满意度的影响进行了分析。结果表明：家庭再生产策略对非留守妇女婚姻满意度有显著的积极影响;工资性工作和家庭再生产策略对准留守妇女婚姻满意度有显著的消极影响;农业生产策略对留守妇女婚姻满意度有显著的积极影响,家庭经营和工资性工作策略则对留守妇女婚姻满意度有显著消极影响。此外,性生活质量不仅本身对非留守妇女和留守妇女的婚姻满意度有较强的促进作用,同时也在生计策略对婚姻满意度的影响过程中发挥不同的调节作用。上述发现对提高农村留守妇女婚姻福利有重要启示。     

农村留守妇女婚姻幸福感的影响因素——基于广东五市的数据分析

本文基于广东留守妇女专项调查数据,通过对数偶值模型的筛选发现夫妻分居的空间距离、丈夫打工后收入增减情况、住房质量、子女教育负担、老人健康负担以及夫妻交流互动情况对留守妇女的婚姻幸福感有显著影响。文章建议相关部门应创造条件就近建立企业让夫妻双方打工,这或许是解决由于分居而导致的家庭婚姻问题的较好途径。     

家庭规模、社会支持、健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感的影响研究CSSCI

社会经济发展使农村家庭呈现出规模小型化、结构核心化、居住离散化的趋势,农村家庭养老功能随之弱化,农村老年人口特别是农村老年女性的主观幸福感呈现下降趋势。文章应用2015年CGSS调查数据和结构方程模型研究了家庭规模、社会支持和健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感的影响机制,结果表明,家庭规模通过影响社会支持对农村老年女性主观幸福感产生间接效应;社会支持对农村老年女性主观幸福感具有直接影响,表现为社会支持力度越大,农村老年女性主观幸福感越高,同时社会支持还通过影响健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感产生间接效应;健康状况对农村老年女性主观幸福感既具有直接影响又具有间接影响,直接影响表现为健康状况越好,主观幸福感越高,间接影响表现为通过影响家庭规模间接影响农村老年女性主观幸福感。     

河南农村留守妇女状况调查研究

本文利用我们在河南农村的调查数据对留守妇女的状况进行了研究。结果表明,人口流动改变了农村留守妇女的家庭地位。由于丈夫的外出,留守妻子承担了更多的家庭责任和义务,还要想办法对付各种困难。     

促进还是抑制：数字技术对农村留守妇女心理健康的影响

基于中国家庭追踪调查（CFPS）连续三期面板数据，本文运用条件混合回归模型（CMP）考察数字技术对农村留守妇女心理健康的影响。研究表明：数字技术有助于改善留守妇女的心理健康。具体地，与未采纳数字技术的留守妇女相比，采纳数字技术的留守妇女自评健康和生活满意度分别高62.36%和21.88%，而生活孤独感低73.00%。进一步研究发现，以数字技术为媒介的在线学习、社交、娱乐和消费是改善农村留守妇女心理健康问题的重要途径，其中社交和娱乐的作用较大。异质性分析结果显示，数字技术的健康红利因个体和家庭差异表现出明显不同，因照料家庭而留守的妇女群体享受到的数字健康红利显著大于因务农而留守的妇女群体，学历较高和家庭收入较高的留守妇女群体享受到了更多的健康红利，可见数字技术的健康红利尚未被全体留守妇女公平共享。     

西部农村留守妇女的身心健康及其影响因素——来自四川农村的报告

本文采用西部地区24个行政村千余名农村妇女的调查数据,探讨了农村留守妇女的身心健康及影响因素。研究发现,留守确实影响了农村妇女的身心健康,留守妇女比非留守妇女更担心自己的身体健康状况,更倾向认为自己的身体健康状况不及同龄女性和比以前更差了,更容易出现一些生理和心理不健康的症状;留守妇女的家庭压力、社会支持网络、当地医疗卫生状况等因素对其身心健康有不同程度的影响。文章最后提出建立夫妻间良好的沟通机制、构建社会支持网络、改善农村医疗卫生状况三点建议。     

西部农村留守妇女家庭压力及其影响因素分析

本文采用西部地区24个行政村千余名农村妇女的调查数据,探讨了农村留守妇女的家庭压力及影响因素。研究发现,留守确实增强了农村妇女的家庭压力,留守妇女承受的精神压力、经济压力、抚养赡养压力都要大于非留守妇女;留守妇女的年龄、家庭特征、当初择偶时对般配的重视程度、夫妻异质性、与外出丈夫的沟通状况、社会支持等因素对其家庭压力有不同程度的影响。提出建立夫妻间良好的沟通机制和构建社会支持网络的建议。     

农村留守妇女的婚姻稳定感及其影响因素——以湖南省为例

通过对“湖南省农村留守妇女调查”数据的分析,本研究探讨了农村留守妇女的婚姻稳定感及其影响因素。研究发现,农村留守妇女的婚姻稳定感处于较高的水平;就其影响因素而言,有无被欺凌的情况、与家里长辈的相处情况、家庭生活满意度、丈夫打工期间的联系频率、探亲频率、丈夫汇钱时是否直接汇给自己、是否担心婚姻感情会发生变化、丈夫外出打工后夫妻感情的变化等变量对农村留守妇女的婚姻稳定感都有显著的影响。     

中国老年人主观幸福感研究:缘起、现状与方向

文章对国内三十年来关于老年人主观幸福感研究的成果进行了系统的梳理。首先梳理了老年人主观幸福感研究的测量、研究领域、研究对象、数据来源和研究方法;接着重点梳理了主观幸福感的影响因素,主要包括人口学因素、社会因素、子女因素、经济因素、人格因素及其他因素等;最后指出已有研究的不足及未来研究应加强的几个方面。本研究旨在对以往研究进行梳理和评述,以期对后续深入研究提供借鉴。     

社区老年人主观幸福感现状及影响因素分析

本文采用多阶段抽样的方法,抽取长春市9个社区的1 302名60岁及以上的常住老年人进行问卷调查,研究社区老年人主观幸福感的现状及其影响因素。结果显示,长春市社区老年人主观幸福感平均分为35.78±8.81分,主观幸福感水平较高的老年人占55.0%,主观幸福感水平处于中等的老年人占43.8%,主观幸福感水平较低的老年人占1.2%。多重线性回归分析结果显示,社会支持、抑郁、焦虑、婚姻状况、健康自评与学历是老年人的主观幸福感水平的影响因素。     

可持续生计分析框架下不同子女数量农户家庭生计策略的分析

利用可持续生计分析框架,以湖北4个县市为例,分析了不同子女数量农户的家庭生计策略。研究发现由于子女数量不同,相比子女较多的农户家庭,子女较少的农户家庭生计策略呈现出农业集约化程度较高、生计多样化程度较高以及子女外出务工人数较少的特点,这是子女较少农户为兼顾降低家庭脆弱性和提高家庭收入所做出的适合自身的生计策略。本文还发现,随着父母年龄的变老,子女较少的农户存在潜在的生计隐患。据此,本文提出了提高农户生计资本、以及政府帮助降低农户家庭脆弱性的政策建议。     

Socio-Cultural Dispositions and Wellbeing of the Women Left Behind: A Case of Migrant Households in Nepal

The concept of wellbeing is gaining popularity in the study of quality of life and cultural significance of living. The paper aims to contribute to our understanding of objective and subjective wellbeing by exploring the perceptions of women left behind by out-migrating husbands on their quality of life in a transnational social field. The paper uses both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Its primary focus is on the life stories of the four women left behind by their migrant husbands, complementing by quantitative data obtained from a survey among 277 households. Taking an example from Nepal's eastern terai, the paper shows that additional income from remittances has increased the objective wellbeing of the women left behind, but it may not have increased their subjective wellbeing. Hence, it is concluded that improved objective wellbeing of a woman does not necessarily translate into her (improved) subjective wellbeing. The subjective experiences are rather complex, multi-faceted and context specific depending on the family situation, socio-cultural disposition and prior economic situation of the actors involved.     

Using Both Objective and Subjective Indicators to Investigate the Impacts of Coal Mining on Wellbeing of Host Communities: A Case-Study in Shanxi Province,China

This paper uses both objective and subjective indicators to investigate the impacts of coal mining on the wellbeing of host communities. It also looks at the relationship between these two measurements of wellbeing. Both objective and subjective indicators show that coal mining has no obvious impact on family income, but negative impacts on air quality. Subjective wellbeing indicators also reveal the negative impacts of coal mining on water safety, inflation rate, price of necessities and income disparity. The only positive impact associated with coal mining is the improvement of housing conditions, revealed by only objective indicators. Some objective indicators are good predictors of subjective wellbeing indicators (e.g. income and air quality) using both aggregated data and individual data, others not (e.g. housing and education). The inconsistency between objective and subjective indicators might be attributed to scope issues, scale discordance etc. This paper empirically confirms both sets of indicators are needed when measuring wellbeing, and illustrates approaches to examine the relationship between objective and subjective wellbeing indicators.     

子女迁移对农村老年家庭生计资本的影响——基于家庭结构的可持续生计分析

文章基于“可持续生计框架”生计资本理论,利用西安交通大学人口与发展研究所2015年在安徽巢湖地区进行的“安徽省老年人福利状况”调查数据,研究在中国劳动力外流背景下子女迁移对农村老年家庭户生计资本的影响.研究结果发现,子女迁移导致老年家庭户人力资本减少、社会资本增加;但没有直接增加老年家庭户的金融资本和物质资本.虽然子女迁移在一定程度上改变了老年家庭户生计资本的水平和结构,但这种影响是以家庭结构为条件的.子女迁移拉大了与子女同住的老年家庭户在金融资本上的差距,弥补了不与子女同住的老年人在物质资本、人力资本和社会资本的劣势,而自然资本作为农村老年人生产生活的重条件不受其子女迁移的影响.     

Discrimination,Subjective Wellbeing,and the Role of Gender: A Mediation Model of LGB Minority Stress

ABSTRACT

The present study examined the link between discrimination and the three components of subjective wellbeing (positive and negative affect and life satisfaction) among a cisgender sample of lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) adults. Specifically, we investigated internalized homonegativity and expectations of rejection as potential mediators of the links between discrimination and subjective wellbeing among a sample of 215 participants. Results from our structural equation model demonstrated a strong, positive direct link between discrimination and negative affect. Discrimination also had small, negative indirect effects on life satisfaction through our two mediators. Interestingly, neither discrimination nor our two mediators were related with positive affect, demonstrating the need for future research to uncover potential buffers of this link. Finally, our model evidenced configural, metric, and scalar invariance, suggesting that our model applies well for both women and men. Practical implications and future directions for research are discussed.     

Subjective Quality of Life in Zhuhai City,South China: A Public Survey Using the International Wellbeing Index

The study of subjective quality of life and its connotations in the People’s Republic of China is at a preliminary stage. Although there is an emerging body of literature on this topic, there are few datasets representative of the general public, particularly in Mainland China. This paper reports the findings of a public survey (N = 449) conducted in Zhuhai City, South China using the International Wellbeing Index (IWI). There were four main aims: (1) to judge whether residents were satisfied with their lives; (2) to compare the data with recent findings from Hong Kong and Macau; (3) to investigate the equivalence of the IWI in terms of its psychometric properties; and (4) to determine the applicability of the ‘Theory of Homeostasis Wellbeing’. The data indicated a moderate level of personal (PWI score = 64.4.) and national (NWI score = 57.4) wellbeing, consistent with recent findings from Hong Kong and Macau. The PWI score was within the normative range for non-Western countries, which indicates that the residents were, on the whole, satisfied with their lives. Although previously reported objective measures of quality of life in Zhuhai are lower than in Hong Kong and Macau, this is not reflected in this study’s subjective measures. This finding was interpreted in terms of the ‘Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis’, and the specific situation in Zhuhai, as there seems to be an absence of factors (i.e., no harsh economic or social situation) which could drive subjective wellbeing below normal. Last, that the IWI demonstrated good psychometric performance in terms of its reliability, validity, and sensitivity, and concurred with previous published reports, it seems that the scale’s robustness generalises to Chinese samples.     

Determinants of Subjective Well-Being and Poverty in Rural Pakistan: A Micro-Level Study

Drawing on unique survey data for rural Pakistan, we investigate the impact of socio-demographic factors on happiness index with particular emphasis on subjective well-being measurement to evaluate poverty and its different components. The data elicits information on overall well-being in terms of household’s happiness with the current socio-economic status. We estimate a happiness model to explore to what extent a well-being perspective adds to our understanding of poverty. We find that the well-being approach closely depicts the idea of well-being poverty in terms of the level education, health and income which matter significantly. Moreover unlike developed nations where children have a negative impact on overall well-being, this study suggests a positive impact on well-being and poverty. As studies employing good data from developing countries are rare, this paper can potentially make a good contribution to the existing happiness literature, with special reference to Pakistan.