解决广东人口结构性矛盾的对策和措施

人口结构性矛盾已经成为影响经济社会发展的重大问题。在人口结构性矛盾中,未来一个时期,广东省最突出的问题是人口老龄化增长速度快,出生人口性别比长期居高不下。主要表现为：     

在加快城镇化建设中必须注重促进人口的长期均衡发展

今后20至30年,甘肃的人口发展将面临新的机遇和挑战,将先后迎来劳动力人口、总人口、老年人口三大高峰;人口结构性问题日渐突出,人口流动日趋频繁,传统家庭功能弱化等新情况、新问题将逐步显现。因此,在大力推进甘肃省经济社会实现跨越式发展、加快城镇化建设的过程中,我们必须高度重视并做好人口计生工作,促进人口长期均衡发展。     

21世纪中国面临的人口问题再认识以及应对策略

人口规模巨大引发的社会经济矛盾、劳动就业压力与结构性短缺并存和人口老龄化双重影响、城市化下巨大乡-城人口转移压力、出生性别比偏高、低生育水平的惯性副作用是未来人口发展中突出的问题。在大力发展社会经济的前提下,调整过低生育水平,协调和稳定未来人口年龄结构是人口发展战略的必然选择。     

中国家庭养老问题探索——养老方式的新思考

当代人口学家早已敲响警钟,中国人口的老龄化正在迅猛地向我们走来,人口老龄化已伴随着我国社会经济的发展,人民生活水平的提高而同步出现,要重视人口老龄化所带来的新问题.1990年全国第四次人口普查资料表明,60岁及以上的老年人口已占全国总人口的8.6%,预计到2000年时将上升     

人口老龄化与目标人群社会保障研究——以南通市为例

全面建设小康社会如何解决人口老龄化与社会保障的矛盾,是当今人口、经济社会发展中的热点问题,老年人口高龄化和实行计划生育群众的社会保障又是热点中的难点和重点。通过剖析南通市人口老龄化发展特点、现行社会保障做法和效果、总结经验、明确任务,提出以目标人群基本保障需求为己任,推进老年社会保障多元化和产业化。     

摸清底数源头治起扎实推进综合治理出生人口性别比工作简

近年来,在省委、省政府领导下,陕西省卫生计生委把解决人口结构性矛盾作为统筹解决人口问题的重点,采取有效措施,扎实工作,取得了初步成效。     

上海人口老龄化对消费水平的影响研究

老龄化已成为严重影响上海经济社会发展的突出因素.在分析上海市人口老龄化的进程与主要特征,指出人口老龄化对消费需求的影响路径的基础上,关注上海市城乡居民消费水平的变动情况,运用上海市1978年-2013年有关人口年龄结构、消费水平以及相关经济发展的时间序列数据,分析上海市人口老龄化与居民消费水平两者之间的关系以及对居民消费水平构成影响的其他因素,研究表明:人均消费水平、人均GDP、人均可支配收入与老年人口比重之间存在线性相关关系,人口老龄化对消费水平的影响呈负向影响.而人口老龄化对居民消费水平的负向影响将会给社会经济生活等带来诸多意义深远的问题.物价指数、人口自然增长率以及劳动人口比重等对城镇居民消费水平的作用并不显著.     

中国人口老龄化与计划生育

<正> 一、中国人口老龄化及其产生的。原因我国正处于人口老龄化过程中。我国老年人口不仅绝对数量大,而且人口老龄化速度快。1953年第一次全国人口普查时,60岁和60岁以上的老年人口为4,154万人,占总人口的7.3％;1964年第二次全国人口普查时,全国老年人口数为4,235万人,其增长速度低于总人口增长速度,所占比重下降到6.1％(主要原因是三年自然灾害时期体弱老     

标本兼治 综合治理 遏制出生人口性别比升高势头——全国关爱女孩行动综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题工作会议综述

改善人口结构是新时期统筹解决人口问题的重要任务。当前,人口结构性矛盾突出表现为出生人口性别比持续偏高。党中央国务院高度重视,要求采取有效措施,遏制出生人口性别比偏高势头。为了落实党中央、国务院的要求,国家人口计生委于2003年在全国11个省（区）的11个县（市、区）组织开展了关爱女孩行动试点工作,2004年扩大到24个省（区、市）,2007年在全国全面推开。关爱女孩综合治理出生人口性别比偏高问题专项行动在全国蓬勃开展,创造了许多宝贵经验。     

萧山老龄事业发展的探索

人口老龄化是经济社会发展的必然产物，是社会进步的一个重要标志。这固然反映了一个国家或一个地区经济、科技、教育、文化、卫生事业等方面的蓬勃发展和人民生活水平、生活质量的明显提高，但同时由于人口老龄化，老年人口总量和比重不断增长，给家庭结构和社会生活带来很大的变化，对经济社会的发展将产生广泛的影响。     

Differentials in divorce in maryland

The basic data needed for measurement of the risks of termination of the legal relationship of marriage by characteristics of the marital partners are not available at this time for the United States because the national divorce registration area includes less than half the States. Special studies based on selected census data or the records of marriages and divorces occurring in one State or community have provided much of the valuable but limited information at hand. Statistics for individual States are subject to substantial bias as a consequence of inter-State migration between time of marriage and time of divorce, but they must serve as a basic data source until national reporting has improved. A record linkage study was undertaken which tied marriages occurring in the State of Maryland in 1959 with divorces occurring in the State in the years 1959–66. Relative, not actual, divorce risks by race, age at marriage, and previous marital status were calculated for couples with at least one partner an in-State resident at the time of marriage. The dissolution rate was higher for whites than for nonwhites. Marriages contracted by persons at very youthful ages and by persons who had been married previously were found subject to greater than average risks of dissolution through divorce.     

城市计划生育技术服务方式创新--南京市玄武区政府购买计划生育技术服务的实践

建立政府牵头、计卫联手、资源共享的计划生育技术服务体系 ,开展以知识普及、知情选择、随访服务、咨询指导、健康促进为主要内容的计划生育避孕节育和生殖保健优质服务 ,最大限度地满足社区育龄群众在计划生育和生殖保健方面的需求 ,是城市计划生育技术服务改革发展的方向1 。近几年 ,南京市玄武区计划生育局在区委、区政府的领导以及省市计生委的支持下 ,根据新时期城市计划生育工作改革发展要求 ,积极推进政府计划生育部门的职能转变 ,探索计划生育技术服务方式的改革创新 ,尝试依托社区医疗卫生和妇幼保健服务网络 ,由政府购买计划生育…     

Major Tasks in Health and Family Planning in China in 2015

On January 12,2015,at the regular press briefing of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),NHFPC reported the major tasks in health and family planning in China in 2015.The details are as follows:In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform.     

Increases in childlessness in New Zealand

New Zealand’s fertility fell below the theoretical replacement level (2.1 births per woman) for the first time in recorded history in 1978. It has hovered at or below replacement level ever since. The result, an impression of relative stability, belies changes taking place. Data from the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses show a pattern of delayed childbearing and increased childlessness. In a little over 30 years, childlessness has shifted from being almost entirely a consequence of a couple’s infecundity to being as frequently a result of a woman’s life choices. The steady rises in childlessness recorded by successive cohorts suggest that childlessness is already having a significant effect on New Zealand fertility. Patterns in characteristics of those women choosing not to start families, as well as subtle differences in these patterns between New Zealand and other developed nations, suggest that there is a significant potential for childlessness to cause a more dramatic shift in New Zealand’s total fertility rate. This analysis examines growth in childlessness in relation to marital status, country of birth, ethnicity, regional and urban differentials, religion, and educational attainment of women who were childless at the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses.

Shifts in Reproductive Patterns in China

The People's Republic of China, during the second half of the twentieth century, has been repeatedly affected by social and political upheavals associated with government policies. These have produced strong but unexpected impacts on Chinese demographic patterns. Many of these policies are of the sorts that alter reproductive costs and benefits. This study examines patterns in Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shanghai, three provinces with differing ecological, geographic, and economic characteristics. Government policies affected the three populations differentially; this was evident at both aggregate and individual levels. The Great Leap Forward and subsequent famine created higher birth deficits and mortality among the largely rural populations of Hebei and Shaanxi than the more urban Shanghai. In contrast, the Cultural Revolution and family planning resulted in lower fertility levels for women in Shanghai. The population history of China during the second half of last century thus reflects strong state interventions in the lives of its citizens. Government policies, along with regional variations in geographic, social, and economic conditions, strongly influence individual access to resources in China. Variations in timing and intensity of women's reproductive patterns reflect differential access to resources and subsequent trade-offs.     

Materialism in Pedagogy Students in Chile

Many studies have used Richins and Dawson’s (J Consum Res 19: 303–316, 1992) Material Values Scale (MVS), applying it to different types of populations that exhibit a particular psychometric behavior, and showing little stability in their factorial structure. In the present study, 1,070 pedagogy students from the northern, central and southern regions of Chile answered the MVS. This sample was randomly divided in two. Using the first sub-sample (N = 539), an exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, from which a structure of nine items was grouped into two factors called “Social Success” and “Personal Happiness”, which presented adequate reliability. Later, with the second sub-sample (N = 531), the factorial structure indicated above was put to the test through a confirmatory factorial analysis. The data from the model show that the scale contains 8 items in total, grouped into two dimensions. The factorial loads are significant at the level of 1 %, which indicates that the 2-factor structure can be confirmed. Finally—using the proposed structure—the presence of the students’ material values was evaluated.     

论西部开发中的城市发展问题

本文在对近20年来我国城市发展进行回顾与反思的基础上,提出了西部制定城市发展战略和选择城市发展道路的基本原则以及若干城市发展对策措施.     

Trends in life expectancy in wellbeing

Objectives: This paper describes anddiscusses trends in life expectancy inwellbeing between 1989 and 1998.Methods: Data on wellbeing by theBradburn Affect Balance Scale is obtained fromthe Netherlands Continuous Health InterviewSurveys for the calendar years from 1989 to1998. Using Sullivan's method, life expectancyin wellbeing is calculated.Results: For males at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing increases significantlyfrom 52.7 years in 1989 (90.1% of the totallife expectancy) to 54.4 years in 1998(90.8%). This increase is almost completelycaused by the increase in total lifeexpectancy. For females at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing raises significant from54.4 years in 1989 (84.1%) to 56.2 years in1998 (86.3%). This increase is almostcompletely caused by a decrease in the numberof years in a state of distress.For both males and females at the age of 65,the significant increase of life expectancy inwellbeing exceeds the increase in total lifeexpectancy and is mainly caused by the decreasein number of years in distress.Conclusion: Contrary to life expectancyin good perceived health and to disability freelife expectancy – which show a decreasing trend– the overall wellbeing of the population isincreasing. It seems that aspects in human lifethat contribute to wellbeing or quality of lifeother than physical health are gaining inimportance. This makes life expectancy inwellbeing a less appropriate instrument tomonitor changes in population health, but auseful instrument to measure population qualityof life.     

Changes in Living Standards and Depopulation in Latvia in the 1990s

Social Indicators Research -     

"非典"期间全国农村地区跨省流入人口调查数据分析

在2003年抗击非典的关键时期,国家人口和计划生育委员会进行了全国农村地区跨省流入人口的调查.本文着重分析这项调查所获得的数据,并对数据的一致性做出说明.既揭示了我国农村流动人口的基本特征和非典时期农村人口流动的规模和流向特点,又反映了非典对这一时期全国人口的流动所产生的影响,同时展示了我国抗击非典工作在农村地区所取得的成绩.