DAVID RIESMAN AND THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE INTERVIEW

For a decade beginning in the late 1940s, David Riesman, with a variety of collaborators, produced a sustained body of work on the methodology of the interview. This article looks at Riesman's writing on the interview. It explores the relationship between this work and Riesman's initial development as a sociologist, examines how he and his collaborators viewed the interview as a method, and assesses the relevance of Riesman's work to contemporary understandings of the interview as a research method.     

THE CONCEPT OF COMPETITION IN ROBERT PARK'S SOCIOLOGY*

This article examines Robert Park's concept of competition and the way in which it appears in his analysis of civilization and social change. Conventional interpretations of his writings have tended to emphasize that he radically separated presocial, ecological processes from interaction based on communication. Although Park does attempt such a separation, I argue that his thoughts on social change reflect an ambivalence about the relative degree of autonomy of social and cultural processes. Consequently, Park's evaluation of these processes reflects the judgment that contemporary forms of competition are instrumental for societal progress.     

TOWARD A SOCIOLOGY OF SPACE: THE CONSTRAINED CHOICE MODEL*

Traditional ecology has been criticized because of its failure to link ecological factors to microscopic social variables. That criticism has led to increasing interest in, but only limited theoretical development toward, an egocentric approach. The paper attempts to develop a rudimentary theory of micro ecology. It presumes that two elemental macro ecological variables, density and segregation, have significance for human interaction. These elemental factors set the probability for choice behavior in the city. To demonstrate this point a set of logically interrelated propositions is contructed. This theoretical structure is then used to develop a taxonomy of social areas that summarize the distinctive differences in the urban experience of sub area residents of the city.     

THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE FLUORIDATION CONTROVERSY

Previous studies have explained opposition to fluoridation in terms of misinformation, alienation, or confusion. These studies have several shortcomings stemming from an uncritical attitude toward scientific knowledge. Recent perspectives in the sociology of scientific knowledge provide the basis for developing a wider understanding of the fluoridation issue, including analysis of scientific disagreements, the promotion of fluoridation, and experiences in other countries. Contrary to the usual view, public opposition to fluoridation does not necessarily signify a failure of education or democracy.     

SOCIOLOGY AND THE CRISIS OF THE PRESENT (2007 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS)

This essay attempts to take a broad view of the historical forces that have shaped the discipline of sociology and continue to shape it. It is organized around the concept of crisis, arguing that sociology has been produced by crises and that it has been defined by its responses to crises. It identifies an ethic of control and manipulation as a chief product of 19th century responses. It suggests that we have once again entered a period of disruption and rapid change, and that the current challenge of sociology is to situate ourselves, reflexively, within a dense web of philosophical, psychological, social, biological, and environmental linkages, recognizing that we can never see the network in its entirety because we ourselves are nodes within it. However, the ethic of control and manipulation that we have inherited from earlier sociological responses often prevents sociologists from developing an immanent, reflexive, and ecological approach to the crisis of the present that would enable us to place ourselves within this web.