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1.
Collective Models of Labor Supply with Nonconvex Budget Sets and Nonparticipation: A Calibration Approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frederic Vermeulen Olivier Bargain Miriam Beblo Denis Beninger Richard Blundell Raquel Carrasco Maria-Concetta Chiuri François Laisney Valérie Lechene Nicolas Moreau Michal Myck Javier Ruiz-Castillo 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(2):113-127
We suggest a methodology to calibrate a collective model with household-specific bargaining rules and marriage-specific preferences
that incorporate leisure externalities. The empirical identification relies on the assumption that some aspects of individual
preferences remain the same after marriage, so that estimation on single individuals can be used. The procedure maps the complete
Pareto frontier of each household in the dataset and we define alternative measures of a power index. The latter is then regressed
on relevant bargaining factors, including a set of variables retracing the potential relative contributions of the spouses
to household disposable income. In its capacity to handle complex budget sets and labor force participation decisions of both
spouses, this framework allows the comparison of unitary and collective predictions of labor supply reactions and welfare
changes entailed by fiscal reforms in a realistic setting (see Michal Myck et al., 2006; Denis Beninger et al., 2006).
相似文献
Frederic VermeulenEmail: |
2.
Does the Representation of Household Behavior Matter for Welfare Analysis of Tax-benefit Policies? An Introduction 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Olivier Bargain Miriam Beblo Denis Beninger Richard Blundell Raquel Carrasco Maria-Concetta Chiuri François Laisney Valérie Lechene Nicolas Moreau Michal Myck Javier Ruiz-Castillo Frederic Vermeulen 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(2):99-111
A widely shared intuition holds that individual control over money matters for the decision process within the household and
the subsequent distribution of resources and welfare. As a consequence, there are good reasons to depart from the unitary
model of the household and to explore the possibilities offered by models of the family accounting for several decision makers
in the household and for the potential impact of tax reforms on the balance of power. This paper summarizes both the methodological
and empirical findings presented in the next three papers of this special issue of the Review of the Economics of the Household. This series of contributions primarily entails a concrete comparison of the policy implications of the choice between the
unitary and a particular multi-person representation: the collective representation. On the one hand, it suggests a methodology
to implement the collective model of labor supply in a realistic context where participation is modeled together with working
hours, and where the full tax-benefit system is accounted for. On the other hand, the empirical part relies on comprehensive
simulations of tax reforms in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom, and allows to quantify the distortions
that may affect policy recommendations based on the unitary model.
相似文献
Olivier BargainEmail: |
3.
Collective and Unitary Models: A Clarification 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Martin Browning Pierre-André Chiappori Valérie Lechene 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(1):5-14
In this note we identify and clarify a confusion that has arisen in the literature about the exact relationship between unitary
and collective models and what enters the Pareto weight and the sharing function. We suggest that we should denote as ‘unitary’
any model that leads to outcomes that satisfy the Slutsky conditions whether or not these outcomes depend on distribution
factors. In particular, income pooling is neither necessary nor sufficient for a unitary model. We also show that the presence
of prices or total expenditure in the sharing rule cannot be used as a test for a unitary model.
相似文献
Valérie LecheneEmail: |
4.
Hideo Akabayashi 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(4):349-378
The Japanese tax system offers an opportunity to investigate the labor supply response of married women to the income tax
and the intrahousehold resource allocation mechanism, since the deductible amount from the husband’s income decreases as the
wife’s earnings increase. Using cross-section data, I structurally estimate the labor supply of married women under the piece-wise
linear budget constraint created by the Japanese tax and social security system. I find that the wife’s labor supply response
to her husband’s decreasing deduction tends to be greater than the response to her own income tax. This suggests that not
only the unitary model is rejected but also that female labor is allocated inefficiently within a family. Finally, this study
shows that the choice of household model affects the predicted effect of policy reform and that the currently proposed reforms
will have less of an effect on the labor supply of married women than previous studies claim.
相似文献
Hideo AkabayashiEmail: |
5.
Michal Myck Olivier Bargain Miriam Beblo Denis Beninger Richard Blundell Raquel Carrasco Maria-Concetta Chiuri François Laisney Valérie Lechene Ernesto Longobardi Nicolas Moreau Javier Ruiz-Castillo Frederic Vermeulen 《Review of Economics of the Household》2006,4(2):129-158
A framework for simplified implementation of the collective model of labor supply decisions is presented in the context of
fiscal reforms in the UK. Through its collective form the model accounts for the well known problem of distribution between
wallet and purse, a broadly debated issue which has so far been impossible to model due to the limitations of the unitary
model of household behavior. A calibrated data set is used to model the effects of introducing two forms of the Working Families’
Tax Credit. We also summarize results of estimations and calibrations obtained using the same methodology on data from five
other European countries. The results underline the importance of taking account of the intrahousehold decision process and
suggest that who receives government transfers does matter from the point of view of labor supply and welfare of household
members. They also highlight the need for more research into models of household behavior.
相似文献
Michal MyckEmail: |
6.
The paper conceptualizes changes in the labour market and suggests labour market policies/reforms after Slovenia has joined
the European Monetary Union. The loss of monetary sovereignty implies that in case of an external shock the labour market
is burdened by a large amount of the adjustment process. But to increase flexibility of the labour market requires politically
unpopular reforms. At the moment, Slovenia is faced with high inflation and a rigid labour market, which is also a key element
of its low competitiveness. The reforms were halted under the pressure of their unpopularity. The paper, although concentrating
on Slovenia, has general implications since the experiences of the newcomer to EMU are significant for other transition economies
which are expected to follow the same path.
相似文献
Andrej SušjanEmail: |
7.
Chris van Klaveren Bernard van Praag Henriette Maassen van den Brink 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(2):169-191
In this paper we consider an empirical collective household model of time allocation for two-earner households. The novelty
of this paper is that we estimate a version of the collective household model, where the internally produced goods and externally
purchased goods are assumed to be public. The empirical results suggest that (1) Preferences of men and women differ; (2)
Although there are significant individual variations, on average the utility functions of men and women are equally weighted
in the household utility function; (3) Differences in the ratio of the partners’ hourly wages are explanatory for how individual
utilities are weighted in the household utility function. (4) The female’s preference for household production is influenced
by family size, but this does not hold for the male; (5) Both the male and the female have a backward-bending labor supply
curve; (6) Labor-supply curves are forward-bending with respect to the partner’s wage rate; (7) Our model rejects the unitary
Slutsky symmetry condition.
相似文献
Chris van KlaverenEmail: |
8.
Fredrik Heyman 《Journal of Labor Research》2008,29(1):11-26
I use Swedish establishment-level panel data to test the hypothesis of Bertola and Rogerson (Eur Econ Rev 41:1147–1171 1997) of a positive relation between the degree of wage compression and job reallocation. Results indicate that the effect of
wage compression on job turnover is positive and significant in the manufacturing sector. The wage compression effect is stronger
on job destruction than on job creation, consistent with downward wage rigidity. Further results include a strong positive
relationship between the fraction of temporary employees and job turnover and a negative relationship between the amount of
working-time flexibility and job reallocation.
相似文献
Fredrik HeymanEmail: |
9.
This paper provides a multilayered analysis of how lesbian mothers and gay fathers construct their families in a social context
that has been described by Steven Seidman (2004) as “beyond the closet.” We stress how our participants’ family-building experiences are comparable to other non-biologically
related families, but distinct due to heterosexual dominance. Using in-depth qualitative interviews with 18 lesbian birth
mothers and 22 gay fathers, the authors discuss how participants navigate heterosexual dominance in institutions and in personal
interactions.
相似文献
Dana BerkowitzEmail: |
10.
This paper examines the main characteristics of the Chinese banking industry. In particular, it analyses the main performance
indicators of the system together with some prospects of future development. The paper also considers the problems related
to high levels of non-performing loans and the internationalization paths of the Chinese banking market. In spite of some
recent reforms, further legislative improvements are required to develop the system and to allow a gradual opening to foreign
competition.
相似文献
Rubens PauluzzoEmail: |
11.
In recent years, both Australia and New Zealand have embarked on significant labor market reforms which have resulted in more
decentralized and individualized systems of industrial relations. Although both countries share a common heritage of state-sponsored
conciliation and arbitration, which fostered a centralized approach to labor market regulation, each has responded in its
own way to economic and political pressures to reform its long-established industrial relations system. Despite differences
in the process of indusrial relations reform, both countries now have industrial relations systems which are more individualistic
and in which unions play a less significant role than in the past.
相似文献
Russell D. LansburyEmail: |
12.
Yonatan Reshef 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(4):677-696
In the public sector, Canadian governments intervene frequently in labor disputes by suspending collective bargaining and
curtailing legal strikes. Previous research has focused on the contours of government intervention, such as its overall effects
on collective bargaining and strikes. The discussion highlights one actor, a government, restricting the behavior of another
actor, a union, using legislation and policy making. As a result, we know less about more micro-level elements and implications
of the process of government intervention. I address these themes using a detailed case study of the Alberta Teachers’ Association
and the strikes it coordinated in 2002.
相似文献
Yonatan ReshefEmail: |
13.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
This paper analyzes poverty and its persistence in Sweden using a large panel with detailed income information obtained from
tax registers. As opposed to many commonly used household panels, the features of the data utilized in this paper allow us
to study native-immigrant differences in poverty. We use a hazard rate model based on multiple spells that accounts for unobserved
heterogeneity and endogenous initial conditions. The empirical results suggest that there is negative duration dependence
in both exit and entry hazard rates. Moreover, the transition rates are significantly affected by immigrant status, educational
attainment, labor market conditions, age, and family status.
相似文献
Jorgen HansenEmail: |
15.
This paper examines the structure and the main characteristics of the Chinese banking industry. In particular, the paper analyses
the problematic aspects of credit relations of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The SMEs are facing several problems in
accessing the bank loans market, dominated by the political and contractual weight of state-owned enterprises. However, some
recent reforms have improved the situation, a fundamental condition for additional positive results. Nevertheless, further
and more pervasive modernization efforts are needed to consolidate these results and to develop the relationships between
banks and SMEs.
相似文献
Rubens PauluzzoEmail: |
16.
Debra Osnowitz 《Qualitative sociology》2007,30(4):459-479
The Freelance Editorial Association, founded in the 1980s, was an organization of editorial professionals working on contract.
Through its 15 years of operation, the organization developed a model of collective representation and sought to improve employment
practices and work relations for these contingent workers. Expanding through occupational networks, the association established
a program of services and a set of principles for advocacy, which it applied on behalf of members seeking resolution of disputes
with clients. The organization, however, proved unsustainable. Resource constraints, labor market structures, and the underlying
dynamics of occupational networks, which operated in the interests of clients as well as freelancers, undermined its model.
Although the association addressed many individual needs, it generated little leverage toward promoting collective interests.
Its efforts, however, offer caveats for the development of new models of collective representation.
Debra Osnowitz is Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Her research interests include multiple forms of contingent work and their implications for organizations, occupations, and individuals. Her current project addresses contract professionals and the institutional arrangements that support their work. 相似文献
Debra OsnowitzEmail: |
Debra Osnowitz is Visiting Assistant Professor at the University of Massachusetts, Lowell. Her research interests include multiple forms of contingent work and their implications for organizations, occupations, and individuals. Her current project addresses contract professionals and the institutional arrangements that support their work. 相似文献
17.
Do Reservation Wages Really Decline? Some International Evidence on the Determinants of Reservation Wages 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Using cross-country data, we investigate the determinants of reservation wages and their course over the jobless spell. Higher
unemployment benefits lead to higher reservation wages. Further, again consistent with the basic search model, repeated observations
on the same individual provide scant evidence of declining reservation wages.
相似文献
John T. AddisonEmail: |
18.
Jane D. Poulsen 《Sociological Forum》2006,21(1):3-30
This paper contributes to research examining class formation processes among capitalists by analyzing the fracturing of multiemployer collective bargaining associations in the U.S. coal mining and steel industries. The paper evaluates three theories of bargaining decentralization and offers an alternative account. Analyzing both the earlier stability of multiemployer bargaining and its subsequent decline, the paper attributes decentralization to changes in relationships of interdependence and power among unionized firms. While broad processes of economic restructuring gave rise to these shifts, social processes involving conflict and negotiation determined the specific direction of institutional change.
相似文献
Jane D. PoulsenEmail: |
19.
Though many studies address the role of religion in predicting social attitudes over time, none has examined this relationship specifically for euthanasia. Using a large, nationally representative data source, this study seeks to address this void. Our findings indicate that considerable differences exist among religious denominations regarding the legalization of euthanasia. Specifically, we note a liberalizing trend for all included denominations. We also demonstrate substantial differences in the rates of liberalization, particularly in comparison to conservative Protestants. We conclude with an assessment of our findings relative to previous studies on religion and public opinion.
相似文献
Benjamin E. MoultonEmail: |
20.
The Dutch are the world’s leaders in the flower business even though they seem to lack comparative advantage in the traditional
sense. Comparative advantages played a role in the history of the Dutch flower cluster and they still have a role today. Based
on a critic of Porter’s theories, the investigation suggests that the exploitation of comparative advantages is allowed only
to those firms and clusters that already possess a competitive advantage, based on technology, logistics infrastructure, innovation
and human skills. So that comparative advantages and competitive advantages join in a sort of helix process based on social
innovation and collective learning.
相似文献
Robbin te VeldeEmail: |