The Asia-Pacific

Asia has become the second worst-hit region in the world with AIDS, according to statistics released by UNAIDS. Over the past year, Asia reported 7.4 million new HIV carriers, more than 1 million new AIDS patients and half a million deaths. India alone reported 300,000 new AIDS cases, with total HIV carriers numbering 3-6 million, the second largest in the world, only next to South Africa.     

Homes for The Aged

ＨｏｍｅｓｆｏｒＴｈｅＡｇｅｄＴｈｅｓｅｈｏｍｅｓａｒｅｗｅｌｆａｒｅ－ｏｒｉｅｎｔｅｄｕｎｉｔｓｒｕｎｂｙｖｉｌａｇｅｓａｎｄａｎｏｔｈｅｒｆｏｒｍｏｆｏｌｄａｇｅｓｕｐｐｏｒｔｉｎｒｕｒａｌＣｈｉｎａ，ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎｔｏｆａｍｉｌｙｓｕｐｐ...     

The Programme of Happiness

ＴｈｅＰｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｏｆＨａｐｐｉｎｅｓｓ￥／／ＩｎｉｔｉａｔｅｄｉｎＦｅｂｒｕａｒｙｏｆ１９９５ｉｎＢｅｉｊｉｎｇａｎｄａｉｍｅｄａｔｒｅｓｃｕｉｎｇｍｏｔｈｅｒｓｌｉｖｉｎｇｉｎＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓｒｕｒａｌａｒｅａｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｓｏ...     

The Nairobi Forward-Looking Strategies

ＴｈｅＮａｉｒｏｂｉＦｏｒｗａｒｄ－ＬｏｏｋｉｎｇＳｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ￥／／ＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅＮａｉｒｏｂｉＳｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓ，Ｐａｒａｇｒａｐｈ１５６ｆｒｏｍｔｈｅＮａｉｒｏｂｉｓｔｒａｔｅｇｉｅｓｉｓｅｓｐｅｃｉａｌｌｙｒｅｌｅｖａｎｔｔｏｔｈｅ...     

The National Work–Life Balance Index©: The European Case

More than 5 years since the outbreak of the global financial crisis, a flurry of evidence is emerging on the effects of the ensuing economic downturn on unemployment and poverty rates in rich countries, but less is known about cross-country differences in subjective assessments of the crisis and whether adults in households with children were affected to a greater extent. This paper investigates differences in the perceived impact of the economic crisis between adults in households with and without children in 17 European countries, using data from the Life in Transition Survey 2010 in a multilevel modelling framework. It also explores differences in the coping strategies that households adopted to deal with the decline in income or economic activity. Everything else being equal, perceptions of the crisis were more widespread in countries with higher rates of child poverty, lower economic growth and lower GDP per capita. Across countries, perceptions of the crisis closely trailed subjective indicators of financial difficulties from other international surveys conducted in 2010. Adults in households with children were more likely to report an impact of the crisis, with larger differences in countries with higher rates of monetary child poverty. Adults in households with children also adopted a greater variety of coping strategies than the rest, prioritizing expenditure on basic necessities, while cutting back on luxuries and holidays. Nevertheless, many still reported reduced consumption of staple foods as a result of economic difficulties.     

The Story of Xu Aiguang

ＴｈｅＳｔｏｒｙｏｆＸｕＡｉｇｕａｎｇＭｍｅ．ＸｕＡｉｇｕａｎｇ，ｒｅｃｅｎｔｌｙａｐｐｏｉｎｔｅｄＶｉｃｅＣｈａｉｒｗｏｍａｎｏｆａｎｄＨｅａｌｔｈＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｆＺｈｅｊｉａｎｇＰｅｏｐｌｅ＇ｓＣｏｎｇｒｅｓｓ，ｗｈｏｆｏｒｍｅｒｌｙｓｅｒ...     

The “Rich Bitch”

This project offers the opportunity to examine the ways in which normative conceptions of class and gender cohere to produce an archetypal, trans-historical villain, what we term “the rich bitch.” In this essay, we employ the concept of irony to analyze how Bravo's The Real Housewives of New York City creates rich women as objects of cultural derision, well-heeled jesters in a populist court. The show primes its savvy, upscale audience to judge the extravagance of female scapegoats harshly in tough economic times. The housewives' class and gender flops are inter-related on the show. The lure of class status produces inconsiderate mothers. Ultimately, The Real Housewives of New York City uses irony to produce a provocative, post-feminist drama about rich women too crass to be classy, too superficial to be nurturing, and too self-obsessed to be caring.     

The Four Seasons·Winter

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The Aging Population in Shanghai

Shanghai is the first city in China to enter the aging society. In 1982, the aging population there accounted for 11.51% of the total population. According to Shanghai Statistics Bureau, by the end of 2006,the registered permanent population in Shanghai was 13.6808 million. The aging population over 60 reached 2.     

The Uzbeks: A Profile

The Uzbeks in China are mostly living in Xinjiang,typically in cities such as Yining, Tacheng, Kashi,Hetian, Urumqi, Shache and Yecheng. Some of themalso live in Shaanxi, Guangdong, Inner Mongolia andBeijing.The size of the Uzbeks fluctuated in history. In 1949,there were. 12,000 Uzbeks, in 1953, that number roseto 13,600. By 1964, however, it dropped back to7,700 but by 1990. it climbed back to 14,700. In 1990,the birth rate of the Uzbeks stood at 26.6 per thousand,a rate between the …     

Training:The Road to Prosperity

Ｔｒａｉｎｉｎｇ：ＴｈｅＲｏａｄｔｏＰｒｏｓｐｅｒｉｔｙＬａｂｏｕｒｍｉｇｒａｔｉｏｎｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｍｅａｎｓｆｏｒｆａｒｍｅｒｓｏｆＹｉｙａｎｇＣｉｔｙｉｎＨｕｎａｎＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅｔｏｔａｋｅｊｏｂｓｔｈａｔｗｉｌｌｅｖｅ...     

The “Practice of Humanity”

“Practice of Humanity” examines visual and legal representations of transnational sex and domestic work. Specifically, we analyze a 2003 United Nations public service announcement, Cleaning Lady; the 2000 UN Protocol on Human Trafficking; the 2000 US Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act; and current trends in the sociological literatures of both types of work. We demonstrate how these texts allow particular connections between domestic and sex workers, while foreclosing others. We draw out the ways these regimes suppress understandings of work in favor of moralizing about workers; how the “domestic” in domestic work, and “work” in sex work continue to vex humanitarian operations; and the ways national and racial privilege cut across connections between domestic and sex work.     

The Żmiąca effect

Monographs of local communities are a genre of sociological craft which — along with analyses of personal documents — became a distinguishing mark of Polish empirical sociology. In 2003 turned exactly 100 years from publication of the first sociologically mature village monograph in Poland, e. g. “?mi?ca. Wie? powiatu limanowskiego. Stosunki gospodarcze i spo?eczne” [?mi?ca. A village of the Limanowa county. Economic and social relations] by one of the founding fathers of Polish social sciences, Franciszek Bujak. This paper describes and analyses the impacts of this study and develops a typology of monographs. Additionally, problems of representativeness of monographs are discussed.     

The Trend of Aging In China

ＴｈｅＴｒｅｎｄｏｆＡｇｉｎｇＩｎＣｈｉｎａＰｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆＣｈｉｎａ’ｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｓｉｚｅＴｈｅｈｉｇｈ－ｖａｒｉａｎｔｐｒｏｊｅｃｔｉｏｎｓｈｏｗｓＣｈｉｎａ’ｓｐｏｐｕｌａｔｉｏｎｗｉｌｒｉｓｅｆｒｏｍ１．２８１ｂｉｌｉｏｎｉ...     

The Economically Active and Inactive Elderly

ＴｈｅＥｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙＡｃｔｉｖｅａｎｄＩｎａｃｔｉｖｅＥｌｄｅｒｌｙＴｈｅｒｅｉｓａｓｕｂｓｔａｎｔｉａｌｐｅｒｃｅｎｔａｇｅｏｆｔｈｅｅｌｄｅｒｌｙｒｅｍａｉｎｉｎｇｅｃｏｎｏｍｉｃａｌｌｙａｃｔｉｖｅｉｎＡｓｉａａｎｄｔｈｅＰａｃｉｆｉ...     

The Status and Role of Women

ＴｈｅＳｔａｔｕｓａｎｄＲｏｌｅｏｆＷｏｍｅｎＵｎｄｅｒＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｌａｗ，ｗｏｍｅｎｅｎｊｏｙｅｑｕａｌｒｉｇｈｔｓｗｉｔｈｍｅｎｉｎａｌｌｍａｔｔｅｒｓｓｕｃｈａｓｐｏｌｉｔｉｃｓ，ｃｕｌｔｕｒｅａｎｄｅｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎ，ｗｏｒｋ，ｐｒｏｐｅｒ...     

The Best of Both Worlds?

The Disney Channel hit show, Hannah Montana, constructs contemporary US girlhood and notions of femininity in relation to celebrity, such that its primary girl characters, Hannah Montana, Miley Stewart, and Lilly Truscott, as well as star Miley Cyrus, are positioned as particularly post-feminist subjects. In such a context, each of these girls can be understood as having chosen to perform a femininity that finds its locus in the maintenance and control of the body, as an illustration of her power as a girl, though without reference to feminist gains or “empowerment” rhetoric. Via discursive, narrative, and ideological textual analysis, this project explores the circulation of a post-feminist sensibility, as Rosalind Gill refers to it, and its iterations and ramifications for constructions of girlhood in contemporary media foregrounding girls and attracting young female audiences.     

The demography of words: The global decline in non-numeric fertility preferences, 1993–2011

This paper examines the decline in non-numeric responses to questions about fertility preferences among women in the developing world. These types of response—such as ‘don’t know’ or ‘it’s up to God’—have often been interpreted through the lens of fertility transition theory as an indication that reproduction has not yet entered women’s ‘calculus of conscious choice’. However, this has yet to be investigated cross-nationally and over time. Using 19?years of data from 32 countries, we find that non-numeric fertility preferences decline most substantially in the early stages of a country’s fertility transition. Using country-specific and multilevel models, we explore the individual- and contextual-level characteristics associated with women’s likelihood of providing a non-numeric response to questions about their fertility preferences. Non-numeric fertility preferences are influenced by a host of social factors, with educational attainment and knowledge of contraception being the most robust and consistent predictors.     

The long arm of childhood: The influence of early-life social conditions on men’s mortality

Increasingly, social scientists are turning to childhood to gain a better understanding of the fundamental social causes of adult mortality. However, evidence of the link between childhood and the mortality of adults is fragmentary, and the intervening mechanisms remain unclear. Drawing on the National Longitudinal Survey of Older Men, our analysis shows that men's mortality is associated with an array of childhood conditions, including socioeconomic status, family living arrangements, mother's work status, rural residence, and parents' nativity. With the exception of parental nativity, socioeconomic-achievement processes in adulthood and lifestyle factors mediated these associations. Education, family income, household wealth, and occupation mediated the influence of socioeconomic status in childhood. Adult lifestyle factors, particularly body mass, mediated the effects of family living arrangements in childhood, mother's work status, and rural residence. Our findings bring into sharp focus the idea that economic and educational policies that are targeted at children's well-being are implicitly health policies with effects that reach far into the adult life course.