战略联盟的稳定性边界研究

战略联盟的高失败率决定了联盟稳定性研究的重要性.在一个专业化理论框架下,联盟的稳定性是由企业对于专业化水平和协作模式选择的动态决策过程所内生的,联盟的稳定性边界决定于投入联盟的资产专用属性、市场交易的效率和交易价格比以及战略联盟内部的交易效率.     

基于资源的企业战略联盟形成研究

企业战略联盟（ESA）是企业预防、分散、降低战略风险，提高竞争力，获取竞争优势的重要机制。作者基于资源观（RBV），建立了战略联盟的形成动因模型，得到战略联盟形成的两个基本条件：利用系统结构对联盟组织进行了结构描述，以熵作为系统组织有序度的度量尺度，在交易费用约束的条件下，建立了联盟组织动态调整的随机Markov序贯决策模型。研究结果表明，企业战略联盟结构将可能会演化成稳定性依次递减的强强联盟（SSA）、强弱联盟（SWA）、弱弱联盟（WWA）这样三种基本模式。     

资源协同效应与战略联盟稳定性

为了应对市场和外部环境的不断变化的挑战,越来越多的企业之间的关系由单纯的竞争转化为既竞争又合作,建立起优势互补的战略联盟。然而,伴随战略联盟快速发展的是其不稳定性加大。资源协同效应在战略联盟这一特殊的组织经营模式中,发挥着核心主导作用。充分利用资源协同效应,可增强战略联盟的稳定性。     

新经济背景下合资企业与战略联盟的区别

从企业战略角度,以合作战略的两种形式--合资战略(joint venture strategies)和战略联盟战略(strategic alliance strategies)的差别性为分析对象,尝试认识在新经济背景下企业战略创造价值的两种不同方式.合资战略和战略联盟作为两种战略行动,共性是基于合作行为的资源配置方式,属于合作战略的范畴;但两者的差别体现出对企业而言截然不同的价值创造过程.合资战略本质上是企业组织内部化战略的结果,即在组织形式上趋向于母子公司之间关系,价值创造呈降低成本导向机理;战略联盟本质上是企业间关系变化的结果,这种企业间关系以协调为特征,既不同于市场交易关系,也不同于组织内部的层级关系,是内部层级市场和外部产权交换不可替代的产物,价值创造呈潜在的利润导向机理.     

企业与非营利组织社会联盟实施战略分析

依托资源依赖、组织学习、新制度主义等视角,在识别企业与非营利组织社会联盟构成维度和类型的基础上,探索了企业与非营利组织社会联盟实施战略的决策依据和过程,构建“初始条件-治理过程-联盟绩效”的整体研究框架,并识别出可能影响联盟战略实施的情境特征.     

个人关系，联盟制度化程度与战略联盟控制——针对中国企业联盟实践的分析

有效的联盟控制是实现战略联盟潜在优势的重要保证.文章针对中国企业间战略联盟中的控制方式选择与应用展开分析.基于社会交易理论和制度理论,提出中国企业间联盟中个人层次的关系与联盟层次上的制度化程度是决定中国企业间战略联盟控制方式的重要因素;同时个人关系和联盟制度化对控制方式的影响在联盟不同阶段存在显著差异.通过对365个中国企业联盟进行调研所获得的数据进行统计分析,验证了相关假说.最后对研究的理论和实践意义进行讨论.     

企业战略联盟存在空间及其一般模型研究

企业战略联盟现已成为国际经济中最重要、最普遍的现象之一.论文在对企业战略联盟性质进行详细分析的基础上,总结了威廉姆森交易经济学对企业战略联盟存在性的解释以及迪屈奇对其所作的最新发展,基于成本和收益提出了企业战略联盟产生和存在的空间,构造了解释企业战略联盟存在合理性的一般模型,对企业战略联盟产生和存在的合理性做出了更合理的解释.     

我国制造企业中心的供应链体系建设的新制度经济学分析

我国建立以制造企业为中心的供应链体系战略联盟是一种制度的选择和创新。制度的建立是为了减少交易费用,减少个体收益与社会收益之间的差异,激励个体和组织从事生产性活动,最终带来经济增长。对于我国制造业中心供应链的制度变迁模型可考虑选择诱致性制度变迁来克服这种制度的供给不足。     

战略联盟的稳定性分析

引入四种多组织博弈模型,并借助这些模型对战略联盟的稳定性进行分析,指出了需注意的主要问题.     

文化视角下的企业战略联盟稳定性研究

战略联盟的兴起极大地改变了企业竞争的环境和方式,其不稳定性带来的高失败率也引起了人们的关注。本文从文化角度分析了战略联盟不稳定性的原因以及文化融合对联盟稳定性的重要作用,并进一步探索了文化视角下增强联盟稳定性的相应对策。     

基于合作溢出的战略联盟不稳定性研究

战略联盟的不稳定性与专有核心资源的共享及其溢出有关。在一个专业化理论模型中,专有核心资源共享和溢出能够带来专业化分工的经济性和成员核心竞争力的提升,这同时打破了事前的竞争力平衡状态,从而引发了成员间争夺和防护最大化溢出的合作冲突。在信息对称的情况下,战略联盟是一个“囚犯困境”,不稳定性由这一博弈的均衡结果来反映,而在信息不对称时,最优溢出量的相机决策建立在对对方溢出量的预期和事先竞争力对比的基础上,由于联盟成员之间的激励不相容,当合作变成不可置信承诺以及市场价格波动时,联盟也是不稳定的。     

Credibly reducing information asymmetry: Signaling on economic or environmental value by environmental alliances

This article focuses on strategic alliances that strive for economic profit while contributing to environmental sustainability. These so-called environmental alliances operate on a spectrum between the goals of economic and environmental value. New environmental alliances signal in announcements to their external stakeholders where they position themselves on this spectrum of alliance goals in order to reduce information asymmetry and enhance their credibility. In this article, we predict the type of external signal that environmental alliances send by studying alliance processes and structures that embed the latent alliance goals. We built an original dataset by combining data on 389 environmental alliances from the SDC Platinum database for the period 2013–2017 and data on signals in 650 alliance announcements. Our findings show that announcements signaling on economic value are mainly used by environmental production and marketing joint ventures, thereby reducing the information asymmetry on their latent goal of economic value. Conversely, announcements signaling on environmental value are mainly used by environmental R&D contracts that focus on the latent goal of environmental value. Our article thus illustrates that alliances aim to enhance their credibility by achieving signal fit between external signals and latent alliance goals. Even though environmental alliances operate on a spectrum of economic and environmental value, we demonstrate that they prefer to avoid sending mixed messages and hence only signal on one of the alliance goals. Our article contributes to the literature on environmental alliances by applying signaling theory to explain these counterintuitive findings and to improve our understanding of how environmental alliances aim for credibility through their communication on their alliance goals.     

Relational stability and alliance performance in supply chain

Drawing on the theories of social exchange and goal interdependence, this paper examines the antecedents of relational stability in supply chain alliances and if the stability affects alliance performance in supply chain in the context of manufacturing firms. The results show that both relational commitment and trust of supplier have positive effects on relational stability in supply chain alliance, which in turn positively affects the alliance performance. These results have important implications for researchers investigating the effectiveness of supply chain alliances as well as practitioners seeking to improve alliance performance in supply chain.     

Impact of Demand Uncertainty on Stability of Supplier Alliances in Assembly Models

In their recent paper, Nagarajan and Sošić study an assembly supply chain in which n suppliers sell complementary components to a downstream assembler, who faces a price‐sensitive deterministic demand. Suppliers may form alliances, and each alliance then sells a kit of components to the assembler and determines the price for that kit. The assembler buys the components (kits) from the alliances and sets the selling price of the product. Nagarajan and Sošić consider three modes of competition—supplier Stackelberg, vertical Nash (VN), and assembler Stackelberg models—which correspond to different power structures in the market, and study stable supplier alliances when the assembler faces linear and isoelastic demand. In this paper, we study the impact that demand uncertainty has on stability results obtained in Nagarajan and Sošić. We first analyze models in which all decisions are made before the uncertainty is resolved, and show that the alliance of all suppliers remains stable when demand is isoelastic, or under Stackelberg models when demand is linear. However, demand uncertainty may change stability results when both parties make decisions simultaneously (VN model) and demand is linear. We then extend our results by considering scenarios in which some decisions may be postponed and made after the actual demand is known. When the ordering quantity can be determined after observing the true demand, we show that stable outcomes correspond to those obtained in the deterministic case and uncertainty has no impact on coalition stability; if only the assembler's pricing decision is postponed, we need additional conditions for stability results to carry over in the additive demand model.     

顾客为中心生产的集成化计划与控制方法研究

本文在对以顾客为中心的生产组织形式、生产类型和生产方式分析的基础上,提出了以顾客为中心生产的集成计划与控制方法体系、模型和运行机制;同时针对以顾客为中心的联盟合作生产组织形式,给出了相应的合作生产管理策略,从而拓展了现有的生产计划与控制方法,并为以顾客为中心的多企业联盟合作生产目标的实现提供了新的管理策略.     

Equity alliances,stages of product development,and alliance instability

The purpose of this research is to analyze the stability of strategic alliances initiated at different stages of the new product development process and to determine the appropriateness of different governance structures (e.g., joint ventures, minority equity alliances, non-equity alliances). Specifically, we argue that the minority equity form of alliance is an inherently unstable structure for product development partnerships. Key findings of this study are: (a) minority equity alliances are more likely to be terminated within 5 years than joint ventures and non-equity alliances, (b) alliances are more likely to be terminated if they are initiated in the early and late stages of product development and less likely to be terminated if they are initiated in the mid-stages of product development, and (c) alliances are more likely to become acquisitions if they are initiated in the mid-stages of product development and less likely to become acquisitions if they are initiated in the early and late stages of product development.     

The Impacts of Alliance Purpose and Partner Similarity on Alliance Governance

It is generally recognized that the governance structure of an alliance has an impact on its probability of success. In this study, we examine the choice between two alternative alliance governance structures: equity and non-equity. Drawing from transaction cost economics, two sets of factors, namely alliance purpose (R&D or marketing) and cultural distance between partners, are hypothesized to influence the above choice. We further hypothesize that collaborative R&D alliances, where both parties contribute technical knowledge, are more likely to lead to the formation of equity alliances than non-collaborative research agreements, where only one partner may be doing the research work. Based on a sample of 2407 alliances formed in the global biotechnology industry, we find partial support for the hypothesized relationships. Specifically, we find that collaborative R&D alliances are more likely to be equity alliances, whereas non-collaborative R&D alliances do not have any impact on the choice of the governance form. We also find that alliances formed with a marketing purpose are less likely to be equity alliances. We did not find any relationship between cultural distance and the choice of equity alliances.     

The stability of strategic alliances: Characteristics, factors and stages

This paper presents a theoretical framework for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of strategic alliances. Using an integrated process model, we analyze the conceptual characteristics and antecedents of the stability of strategic alliances. The primary purpose of this study is to (1) conceptualize and characterize alliance stability to fill the academic gap in the literature, and (2) identify a range of endogenous factors underlying alliance stability across four developmental stages — partner selection, structuring/negotiation, implementation and performance evaluation — so as to fill the managerial relevance gap. From the discussion, we develop a number of propositions to facilitate future empirical testing of our conceptual model. Finally, we indicate some key implications for theoretical research and managerial practice.     

程序公平和分配公平对联盟承诺的影响:基于中国医院联盟的实证研究

研究了程序公平和分配公平对联盟承诺的影响,基于我国医院联盟的背景和问卷调查,利用因子分析、层级回归和调节回归验证了相关假设。实证结果表明:程序公平和分配公平能够提高组织对联盟的承诺;具有不同市场地位的组织由于组织特征、市场环境和联盟地位的差异,对不同类型的公平具有不同的反应。这一结论对现有程序公平主导的观点提出了挑战,深化了现有关于联盟公平的研究。