研究古丝路上族群跨国流动的经验推动“一带一路”的发展

古丝绸之路上的族群流动,曾促使一些帝国崛起;也曾使一些国家民族间构建起利益共同体而放弃战争;还有经贸、科技文化跨国交流而使文明共享和民富国强的经验,如此等等.这类古丝路的人文宝藏,如果进行深入研究发掘,对今天一带一路建设会起举足轻重的作用.本文试图选择一些有关史实进行这方面探讨.     

草地早熟禾主要经济性状间的灰色关联分析

应用灰色关联分析方法研究了坪用草地早熟禾地上生物量、生殖枝数、生殖枝高、穗长、穗粒数、结实率等6个主要经济性状与种子产量以及各性状之间的关联程度。结果表明,各性状与种子产量之间的关联度大小依次为单位面积生殖枝数＞单位面积地上生物量＞生殖技高＞穗长＞结实率＞穗粒数。地上生物量对生殖校高、生殖枝数和穗长的影响较大。     

经济社会学视角下的三农问题

三农问题是我国目前面临的一个重要的经济社会问题.经济社会学同时关注经济与社会的关系以及二者的协调发展,可以有效避免单纯追求经济增长而带来的种种社会问题,是探索我国三农问题有效的理论工具.本文对经济社会学的基本思想及发展历程进行整理的同时对我国三农问题的现状和成因进行分析,在经济社会学的视角下认识和解决中国的三农问题.     

振兴武陵,国家“科技列车”首次驶进湘西

正5月19日至22日,国家科技列车首次驶进湘西,开展一系列科技服务活动,用实际行动积极支持武陵山片区发展。5月19日上午,在吉首市人民广场举行的振兴武陵·服务三农·科技列车湘西行暨2013年湖南省科技活动周启动会上,科技部党组成员、中纪委驻科技部纪检组组长郭向远出席并宣布活动启动。湖南省人民政府副省长张硕辅出席并致辞。启动会由湖南省委副秘书长李文才主持。张硕辅在致辞中指出,湘西作为国家武陵山片区区域发展与扶贫攻坚试点核心区,是我省扶贫攻坚的主战场,     

空间经济视角下广西非公有制经济发展路径研究

新常态下广西非公有制经济发展速度快、发展结构不断优化、转型升级凸显、政策环境不断改善,但也存在发展质量不高、同构现象存在、大型非公企业缺乏、政策壁垒依旧存在等问题.对广西非公有制经济发展的相关指标进行空间可视化分析,结合广西发展非公有制经济的优势,提出广西非公有制经济发展的“四圈两带”空间分布,新常态下走“外援式”和“内源式”相结合的“产业拉动、四化联动、内外开放、绿色低碳”的发展路径.     

经济人类学视角下的老字号价值体系建构

经济人类学家Graeber提出学者通常运用社会学(或哲学)、经济学和语言学的方法来理解价值,其中第二种方法所理解的市场价值常与另外两种产生矛盾.本文以老字号为对象,分别从方法论和理论的角度探讨了老字号价值体系建构的机制.荣誉称号、传统、科技、地理空间和文化是老字号塑造其价值的重要途径,可以同时塑造不同维度的价值,构成了老字号的价值体系.使用社会学(或哲学)、经济学和语言学三种方法来理解老字号的价值体系可行且必要.     

“科技大嫂”杨兰芝

在绵延千里的云贵高原苗岭余脉的侗家山寨,人们经常可以看到一位身挎背包,身体瘦弱的中年女干部风尘仆仆地辗转于农户的田间地头、猪舍牛场、果园山岗,或传科技,或指导生产,或为牛羊治病,将自己的心血深深地融进了这片贫瘠的土地。 她就是湖南省新晃侗族自治县兴隆镇镇长助理、镇妇联主席、省“三八红旗手”杨兰芝。２０多年来,她扎根农村,苦练本领,用自己的双手拨亮了山区群众致富的心灯,点燃了科技驱贫的希望之火,被当地群众亲切地称为“科技大嫂”。 专心学科技,增强服务群众的本领 兴隆镇地处新晃县城南郊,总人口近２万人…     

校企联盟科技创新教育模式下的高校知识服务平台建设研究

＂校企联盟科技创新＂教育背景下,高校作为科技资源的主体之一,是国家重要战略资源的组成部分。根据知识服务需求信息的特性,知识服务平台信息需求的内容及知识服务平台信息流动效应,设计出以科技资源与区域经济共享运行发展的高校知识服务平台,进行科技创新。是有效的提高科技资源整体利用效果、完善科技创新体系建设的重要保证。     

收入分配视角下的青海投资拉动型经济增长研究

近几年,青海省形成了以投资拉动型为主的经济增长模式.从收入分配的角度分析,本文得出近年来高储蓄带来的高投资与初次分配中收入分配机制未理顺是导致这种以投资拉动为主经济增长模式形成的原因,并在此基础上提出了相关措施与建议.     

从国际视野看丝路青海道的演变

卡约文化时期,北方草原之路支线已深入青海境内。公元前6世纪至公元前3世纪中期,波斯帝国、亚历山大帝国、赛琉古王国对促进欧、亚、非三大洲世界性交往做出过杰出贡献。前3世纪中期至前2世纪末,中亚希腊化国家巴克特里亚(大夏)可能已通过青海道与中国贸易往来。公元前3世纪至公元3世纪初,罗马帝国、安息帝国与汉帝国的崛起促使了丝绸之路的畅通,但汉政府"隔绝羌胡"的政策使青海道失去了国际通道的功能。公元3世纪初至7世纪初,由于萨珊波斯的经营与中国各政权的重视,联系中国与中亚、西亚的交通大道"丝绸之路"仍畅通无阻。4至6世纪,在吐谷浑的经营下,青海道成为中国南北与域外联系的最重要的国际通道。7世纪至9世纪中期,阿拉伯帝国、吐蕃帝国与大唐帝国的崛起使横跨欧亚大陆的丝绸之路极度繁荣。这时在吐蕃的控制下,青海道在连接中国南北与西域、中亚乃至西亚的交通中仍然发挥着重要作用。9世纪末至13世纪初期,由于大国崩溃、小国林立,丝路东西两段俱走向衰落。不过北宋时期,青海凭借地缘优势,仍为沟通西域与中原的重要的国际通道。13世纪初期至15世纪初,在丝绸之路一度复兴的背景下,青海道地位下降,但仍为中西往来的通道。15世纪以后,由于丝路东西段沿线均战乱不已,青海道随整个丝绸之路的衰落而衰落。     

丝绸之路研究百年历史回顾

丝绸之路作为贸易路和民族迁徙交流的大通道, 其形成应不晚于公元前 5 世纪。在此之前, 虽然有很多材料, 如希罗多德引述阿里斯提士的神话叙事诗《阿里玛斯庇阿》, 记载公元前 7 世纪在黑海、中亚草原地区四处迁徙的塞种人以及他们在中国人、希腊人之间所充当的交流媒介作用, 推罗的地理学家马里努斯著作中引用马其顿的商人梅斯·蒂蒂亚诺斯关于欧亚贸易的情况, 以及中国古代史籍《禹四海异物》、《世本》、《山海经·西次三经》、《竹书纪年》、《商书》、《史记·周本纪》、《穆天子传》记载中原、羌戎诸部与西方交通的资料, 但我们仍…     

丝绸之路上的语言接触和文化扩散

在中国境内,近一个世纪以来发掘的语言事实和文献表明,在古丝绸之路上,仍然有许多没有完全解开的历史谜团值得进一步讨论.本文拟对其中一些问题发表个人的看法,以抛砖引玉.     

道路与族群互动——南丝绸之路上的都兰县及其研究

道路作为一种载体,连接着不同地点和不同群体,人与物通过道路得以流通,文化文明通过道路得以传播,族群通过道路得以互动和交融。因此,道路不只是足下之物,还有更重要的功能,它是一种具有时空印迹的符号体系,也是一种意义体系。本文以丝绸之路青海道之河南道段上的都兰县为田野点,以贸易(市场)、政治和文化交融为三个维度,讨论道路对族群互动的影响,借以论述都兰县一度在历史上的重要地位。     

丝绸之路上的阿拉伯、波斯与中国麝香应用比较研究

麝香是我国土产珍物,也是很早就被发现、记载、应用最为广泛的稀有昂贵上品药材之一和难得的天然动物香料,应用的历史至少已有两千年.虽然波斯、阿拉伯不出产麝香,但波斯人大概在萨珊王朝已开始使用麝香,有关史料中可见他们大量应用、加工、辨别等记录.麝香曾经是丝绸之路上的重要商品,中古时代的中国与波斯阿拉伯地区交流频繁,由于文化、地域、环境等不同,中国与波斯、阿拉伯在麝香使用方面有较大差别,表现为从麝的认知到麝香作为香料和药物应用的诸多方面.本文试就这些相关疑问进行初步讨论,以就教方家,祈获斧正.     

韦皋与唐代南方丝绸之路的重开

Weigao was one of the famous Jie-dushi ( regional military commissioners ) of the Jiannan Xichuan ( located in today’s southern Si-chuan) in the Tang Dynasty. During the rule of Wei Gao, he successfully defeated the Tubo, and changed the Tang court’s submissiveness in the southwestern region and the fight between the Tang and Tubo along the southern line. He also restored the links between Yunnan and Xichuan including all the way to the Central Plains, and, as a result, the once closed Southern Silk Road was reopened. A further exploration and evaluation of Wei Gao’s actions and his influence on reopening the Southern Silk Road ought to be given. I. Wei Gao’s Alliance with the Nanzhao King-dom and Reopening the Southern Silk Road In 785 A. D. , Wei Gao arrived in Chengdu and was appointed Jiedushi of Jiannan Xichuan. The situation of Jiannan Xichuan at that time was very critical. After the Tianbao war, the Kingdom of Nanzhao, which had unified the area around Er-hai Lake with the support of the Tang in the past, turned against the Tang and publicly announced its alliance with the Tubo. The Nanzhao Kingdom, to-gether with the Tubo, struck the Tang in the south-western region. This shift not only put the Tang in a submissive position in the southwestern region, but also significantly influenced the relations be-tween the Tang and the Tubo. As the Jiedushi of Jiannan Xichuan, Wei Gao became a unique practitioner and actively promoted a joint strategy in Yunnan. After the Tang decided to make an alliance with the Nanzhao Kingdom, relevant actions were taken immediately. However because relations between the Nanzhao Kingdom and the Tang had been broken for many years, at the beginning, Wei Gao could only communicate through some of the tribal chiefs of the Dongman ( Eastern Barbarians) . Through several years of ef-fort and mutual contact, Wei Gao’s endeavors to make an alliance with the Nanzhao, at last, were effective. Wei Gao’s efforts to make an alliance with the Nanzhao certainly involved issues related to trans-portation between Xichuan and the area of Erhai Lake. During that period, the route between Xi-chuan and Nanzhao was not only under military threat from the Tubo, but it was also overseen by the tribes of the Dongman who supported the Tu-bo—this indicated that the line of communication was not in a normal situation. The Southern Silk Road was one of ancient China’s important land trade routes to overseas. In looking at relevant re-cords in the Shiji ( Records of the Historian ) , we can see that this route had been known by people in the Central Plains from at least the Qin and Han dynasties. It was called the“Shushen Dudao” dur-ing the Han dynasty, and the “Xi’er Tianzhu zhid-ao” in the Taizhong period of the Tang dynasty.“Xi’er” refers to Erhai Lake, which was called“Xi’er He” during that time; “Tianzhu”, i. e.“Shendu”, refers to present day India. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, there were two primary routes between Xichuan and the area of Lake Er-hai. One was the Shimendao, also called the Wuchidao or Rongzhoudao, which started from present Chengdu and went through present day Le-shan and Yibin. The other was the Qing Xidao, also called the Lingguandao, Songzhoudao or Qiongnan Yilu,which, started from present Cheng-du, and went through present day Ya’an, and Xichang. These two routes were also called the“North Route” and the“South Route” in the Yun-nan Zhi ( The History of Yunnan) compiled by Fan Cuo in the Tang Dynasty. These two were the main routes between Sichuan and Yunnan on the South-ern Silk Road in the Tang dynasty. In 794 A. D. , the Tang and the Nanzhao Kingdom swore an oath of alliance, and Wei Gao started his plans to reo-pen the routes. By making a comprehensive analy-sis of relevant historical records, we are certain that starting with a plan in the 8th century, and fol-lowing the realization of the alliance between the Tang and Nanzhao as part of the strategy for the Southwestern area, and, together with the success in the fight against the Tubo, the two main chan-nels between Sichuan and Yunnan on the Southern Silk Road were reopened as a result of the concern of Wei Gao at the beginning of the 9th century. II. The Basic Situation of the Route between Sichuan and Yunnan on the Southern Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty and Its Historical Significance It was a long way from Xichuan to the area of Lake Erhai, and, moreover, the situation was also very complicated. Whenever the North Route or the South Route opened, it was not something that was completed immediately; it was a process. Al-though some sections of the road might be comple-ted initially, the opening of the entire route could not be completed within a short time. Through the records of Fan Cuo in his Yunnan Zhi, we can glean a general understanding of the basic situation regarding the reopening of the two main routes be-tween Sichuan and Yunnan along the Southern Silk Road in the Tang Dynasty. Seen from the records of Fan Cuo, there were courier stations along the South Route, so that travelers and their horses could have services and accommodation. It is very significant to note that in addition to the records of courier stations along the route managed by the Xichuan administration, the Yunnan Zhi also recorded that special translators were arranged for facilitating the contact and ex-change between the two sides, i. e. Xichuan and Nanzhao, after the route reached Ezhunling. This detail reflected Xichuan’s attention to the manage-ment of this route, but it also reflected the frequent contact between the people from the two sides of this route and the need for better communication. The road which started from Ezhunling was man-aged by the Nanzhao Kingdom. The situation of the North Route was quite different from the South Route. Based upon an analysis of the records found in the Yunnan Zhi, along the north route, there were not only high mountain, steep slopes, and winding roads, but the traveler also had to pass through many areas inhabited by the Wuman (Black Babarians). So, people were able to pass through the stations only after their words had been translated three or four times. Generally speaking, the conditions along the North Route were worse than those along the South Route. Therefore, al-though the reopening of the South Route was later than the North Route, people usually chose to pass through the South Route after it was reopened. It should be mentioned here that although Fan Cuo’s Yunnan Zhi was compiled during the early years of Xiantong Period in the Tang dynasty, the situation along the route and courier stations recorded in the book were probably not much different from those along the route during the time of Wei Gao. Al-though more than half a century of time had passed the road and courier stations along the South and North Routes might have only had some minor changes, and it was probably generally the same as in the past. Moreover it was unblocked for a long term due to the concern of the both sides. Another point that should be noted here is that although both the South and North Routes connecting Si-chuan and Yunnan on the Southern Silk Road in the Tang dynasty were managed by the administra-tions of Xichuan and Nanzhao separately, seen from the close relations and common demands of the two sides, the construction and management of these two important routes were combined through the negotiation of the two sides’ considerations and demands. As the major supporter for making the alliance with Nanzhao, Wei Gao should be the one who played an active role in this process. Because of the alliance between the Tang and the Nanzhao Kingdom the Tubo suffered a setback in the southwestern region, and they gradually re-treated to the north. Under this scenario, the channels of communication between Sichuan and Yunnan were unblocked, and communication be-tween the envoys from the Tang and Nanzhao be-came more frequent, the local trade developed, and the number of businessmen traversing Sichuan and Yunnan increased. Seen from the perspective of the development of Nanzhao, the frequent ex-changes between the artisans and traders from the two sides via the South and North Routes that ran between Sichuan and Yunnan promoted the eco-nomic and commercial development of Yunnan. In addition, there were many ethnic groups in the Nanzhao Kingdom. These included the Wuman, and Baiman ( white barbarians) . For several dec-ades,“more than a thousand” people from differ-ent ethnic groups went to Chengdu to study. This reflected that the reopening of the Southern Silk Road during the Tang dynasty played an important role in cultural transmission. On the other hand, training youth from the different ethnic groups liv-ing in the Nanzhao Kingdom also had a deep influ-ence on the cultural development of Yunnan. More important is that this action enhanced the commu-nication between the ethnic groups of Yunnan and the Central Plains. In addition, after reopening the road between Sichuan and Yunnan on the Southern Silk Route, the road continued through Nanzhao territory, crossed into the Myanmar-India route, and arrived in South and Southeast Asia. It could be said that Wei Gao’s reopening of the Southern Silk Road was not only helpful for communication between the people of Xichuan, the Central Plains and Yunnan, but it was also helpful for communi-cation between the Tang and the countries of South and Southeast Asia. It should be mentioned that Wei Gao’s reope-ning of the Southern Silk Road was conducted with-in the framework of an alliance with the Nanzhao Kingdom to attack the Tubo. Hence, speaking truthfully, reopening the road was not the main re-sponsibility of the Jiedushi of Xichuan, and was al-so not his main strategic goal. Under the serious situation faced by Jiannan Xichuan, Wei Gao’s main focus during that time was how to contact and make an alliance with the Nanzhao Kingdom so as to take military action against the Tubo. Even if he planned to reopen this road and took some action, it was conducted by targeting his military strategic action. However, reopening the Southern Silk Road could not be separated from the action of making an alliance with the Nanzhao Kingdom. Moreover, after reopening this road, it really pro-moted economic -cultural exchange and develop-ment along the road. Hence, we should give a full understanding and evaluation on Wei Gao’s histori-cal role in it.     

艺术表达在丝绸之路文化中的独特价值

古丝绸之路在漫长宏阔的时空中,留下了包括精神文化在内的丰富遗产,也开启了艺术地表达多样文化和沟通人类情感的先河,具有重要的启示性和当代价值。新的丝绸之路文学艺术的倡导和创造,有可能打破国际社会长期存在的中心—边缘秩序逻辑和边缘依附中心思维定式,发现和挖掘各民族在古丝绸之路上的艺术表达的特点和成就,重建丝绸之路文化精神。跨越地域、国家、民族、宗教、文化的界限而共生共融,审美地表达和平与发展的信念,维护文化多样和包容差异,和而不同,消弭隔阂,弘扬人类的真善美,矫正全球化和科技主义产生的副作用,是丝绸之路文化的艺术表达的精神指向。     

对青海省方志工作的几点思考

本文总结了青海省新编方志工作中的成就和不足,并对续志工作提出了一些合理的建议。