绩效薪酬对团队成员探索行为和利用行为的影响

基于期望理论和公平理论视角,从团队层面对绩效薪酬与团队成员探索性创新行为(简称探索行为)和利用性创新行为(简称利用行为)的关系进行跨层次研究,检验团队薪酬水平的调节效应.采用上下级问卷匹配的方式搜集调查数据,运用HLM 6.0对来自51名团队主管和329名团队成员的匹配数据进行统计分析.研究结果表明,绩效薪酬与探索行为之间为倒U形关系,与利用行为之间为正相关关系.薪酬水平调节绩效薪酬与探索行为的关系,在高薪酬水平情境下,高强度绩效薪酬对探索行为的负向效应更弱;在低薪酬水平情境下,高强度绩效薪酬对探索行为的负向效应更强.薪酬水平正向调节绩效薪酬与利用行为之间的关系,团队薪酬水平越高,绩效薪酬与利用行为之间的正向关系越强.为绩效薪酬有效性研究提供了一个新的研究视角,研究结论对指导企业优化团队薪酬决策及改进创新管理具有重要的实践价值.     

绩效薪酬与团队成员创新行为关系实证研究

通过对316对主管-成员匹配数据的分析,基于期望理论视角考察了绩效薪酬与团队成员探索性创新行为和利用性创新行为的关系,并检验了考核周期的调节效应。研究表明,绩效薪酬与探索行为间无显著的相关关系,与利用行为之间呈显著的正相关关系;考核周期调节了绩效薪酬与探索行为的关系,在长周期情境下,绩效薪酬与探索行为间成显著的正相关关系,而短周期情境下,绩效薪酬与探索行为间呈显著的负相关关系;考核周期对绩效薪酬与利用行为之间的关系无显著的调节效应。     

领导-成员交换理论研究述评

领导-成员交换理论考察了组织中领导和下属之间的关系质量对组织绩效以及个人工作态度和行为的影响。本文从领导-成员交换的概念、理论来源、测量方式、测量工具等方面系统地介绍了领导-成员交换理论。此外,将领导-成员交换的实证研究结果进行了汇总,包含领导-成员交换的前因变量、结果变量及其所扮演的中介变量的研究。最后提出未来应该广泛开展在中国情境下的领导-成员交挟的理论和实证研究,实现该理论的本土化。     

研发团队社会资本对创新绩效作用路径——心理安全和学习行为整合视角

一方面,研发团队作为企业创新活动的基本单位,对提升企业创新能力起着关键作用;另一方面,如何有效管理研发团队以促进创新,在现实中又面临严峻挑战.基于团队心理安全和学习行为整合视角,以151个研发团队585个研发成员为样本,实证研究研发团队社会资本对创新绩效的作用路径.研究结果表明:研发团队3维社会资本(结构、认知和关系)对创新绩效均具有显著的积极影响,团队学习行为部分中介团队心理安全与创新绩效的关系;团队心理安全部分中介团队社会资本与学习行为的关系;团队心理安全和学习行为分别部分中介团队结构资本、认知资本与创新绩效的关系,完全中介团队关系资本与创新绩效的关系.     

促进型调节定向对研发人员跨边界行为的影响研究

 研发人员的跨边界行为是影响研发团队创造力的关键因素,已有研究证明跨边界行为对创造力起积极的促进作用,但对于如何提升研发团队成员的跨边界行为仍缺乏深入探讨。        基于社会认知理论和特质激活理论,跨越个体-团队两个层次,构建成员促进型调节定向-跨边界行为的影响整合模型,以成员创新自我效能感和个人主动性作为中介变量,研究二者在此影响过程中的中介作用。此外,以领导促进型调节定向作为调节变量,探讨其在此影响过程中的调节作用。采用MPLUS 7.0和HLM 6.08软件进行主效应、中介效应和调节效应检验,采用来自西南地区3家研究院的研发团队中279组领导-成员配对的纵向调研数据进行实证分析。        研究结果表明,①团队成员的促进型调节定向对跨边界行为产生积极显著的正向影响;②团队成员的创新自我效能感和个人主动性在促进型调节定向与跨边界行为的关系中具有显著的中介作用,且个人主动性对跨边界行为的影响和中介效应显著性均强于创新自我效能感;③领导的促进型调节定向会调节成员的促进型调节定向与跨边界行为之间的关系,当领导的促进型调节定向越强时,成员的促进型调节定向对跨边界行为的正向影响也相对更强。        研究结果厘清了研发团队中调节定向与跨边界行为之间的影响关系,为跨边界行为研究提供了新的视角,同时为企业人力资源管理和研发团队管理提供了新的思路,即应重视员工心理需求、营造良好的创新氛围以及努力实现领导－成员的心理动机匹配等。     

团队成员学习目标导向离散化与团队创造力研究

以来自38家企业、79个团队的主管与下属配对的428套样本,基于社会共享认知和信息决策视角,构建一个有中介的调节模型,探讨团队成员学习目标导向离散化影响团队创造力的中介机制及其边界条件.研究结果表明,团队成员学习目标导向离散化抑制团队创造力,团队学习行为在团队成员学习目标导向离散化与团队创造力之间发挥中介作用;共享团队愿景显著减缓团队成员学习目标导向离散化对团队学习行为的负向作用;团队成员学习目标导向离散化通过团队学习行为对团队创造力产生负向影响.     

抑制团队关系冲突的负效应:一项中国情境的研究

团队是组织工作的基本单位。团队工作要达其功效,不仅要求团队成员间交流信息,而且需要深度加工信息。但是,现实中团队关系冲突是常态,在讲究面子、圈子和关系的中国社会,关系冲突表现为圈子间的芥蒂与隔阂,极大阻碍了团队内信息深度加工。基于中国情境,本研究引入两个相关的概念——中庸思维和领导成员交换关系——来抑制团队关系冲突对团队内信息深度加工的负作用。来自31家高新技术企业59个研发团队的405位团队员工和主管的数据证实:当团队成员中庸思维总体水平高时,关系冲突对信息深度加工的负效应被显著地抑制;当团队成员感知到的领导成员交换关系总体水平高时,该负效应也被显著地抑制。理论上,本研究不仅深化了对团队冲突过程的认知,而且拓展了理论的应用边界;实践上,为现实的团队关系冲突管理提供了情境相关的理论指导。     

团队成员认知风格对创新行为的影响:团队心理安全感和工作单位结构的调节作用

近年来,员工创新行为的影响因素一直是学术界关注和探讨的热点.本研究基于团队心理安全感和工作单位结构两个视角,提出了一个整合模型.运用分层线性模型,利用75个工作团队共334份团队成员问卷检验了整合模型,研究结果表明:(1)学习型风格、创造型风格对创新行为具有显著的正向预测效果,但计划型风格对创新行为的影响不显著;(2)团队心理安全感不仅对创新行为有直接显著的正向影响,而且在学习型风格、创造型风格与创新行为的关系中有正向的调节效应,但团队心理安全感不显著调节计划型风格同创新行为之间的关系;(3)工作单位结构调节了学习型风格、创造型风格与创新行为之间的关系,而对于计划型风格与创新行为关系的调节效果不显著.     

团队凝聚力、工作-家庭促进与员工在职行为关系研究

通过对中国大陆19个省市自治区的1 795名在职员工的问卷调查发现,员工感知到的团队凝聚力能够通过工作-家庭促进的中介效应影响员工在职行为(积极行为与退缩行为);伴随着领导-成员交换关系的密切,团队凝聚力对员工积极行为的影响也更为显著;而在团队凝聚力与退缩行为的关系中,并没有发现领导-成员交换关系的显著调节作用。     

领导—成员交换差异与团队关系冲突:道德型领导力的调节作用

基于领导—成员交换(Leader-Member Exchange,LMX)理论和社会比较理论(Social Comparison Theory),本文对领导—成员交换差异与团队关系冲突之间的关系进行了实证研究.研究从领导者角度探讨了团队关系冲突的影响因素.来自79个项目团队的334名员工构成了本研究的样本,实证检验结果表明,领导—成员交换差异对团队关系冲突有显著正向影响,且团队领导者的道德型领导力在领导—成员交换差异与团队关系冲突之间起调节作用,即相对于较低的道德型领导力,较高的道德型领导力可以缓解领导—成员交换差异对团队关系冲突的影响.     

Fairness Perceptions of Work−Life Balance Initiatives: Effects on Counterproductive Work Behaviour

This study examined the impact of employees' fairness perceptions regarding organizational work?life balance initiatives on their performance of counterproductive work behaviour (CWB). Moderating effects of adaptive and maladaptive perfectionism were also explored. Quantitative data collected from 224 public sector employees demonstrated significant main and moderating effects of informational justice, adaptive perfectionism and maladaptive perfectionism on CWB. Adaptive perfectionism weakened the link between informational justice and CWB, while maladaptive perfectionism strengthened it. Qualitative data collected from 26 employees indicate that both the social exchange and job stress models are useful frameworks for understanding CWB in the context of work?life balance initiatives; CWB emerged as both a negative emotional reaction to unfairness and as a tool used by employees to restore equity in the exchange relationship with their employer. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.     

新创企业高管团队的团队过程与战略决策绩效 ——认知的调节作用

新创企业的成败很大程度上取决于战略决策绩效,具有决策权力的高管团队在创业情境下的认知和行为过程对战略决策绩效具有重要影响。本文结合创业研究和高管团队研究的现有成果,以122家新创企业为研究对象,从内部团队过程和外部团队过程两个维度考察高管团队的团队过程对战略决策绩效的影响,并从认知的视角分析新创企业高管团队认知需要和认知能力对团队过程与决策绩效关系的调节作用。研究结果表明,新创企业高管团队的内部团队过程和外部团队过程与决策的质量和满意度均有显著的正相关关系,且认知需要和认知能力对这种关系具有调节作用,在认知需要和认知能力较高的情况下,内、外部团队过程对决策质量和满意度的正向影响更强。     

地位冲突不对称与团队创造力的曲线关系研究

基于互动过程视角,构建地位冲突不对称对团队创造力的倒U形影响模型,并通过103个团队484份有效调查问卷进行实证检验。研究结果表明:地位冲突不对称对团队创造力呈现“过犹不及”的倒U形曲线效应,并且任务复杂性和任务互依性显著调节了上述关系,其中,当任务复杂性越高时,主效应倒U形曲线的拐点处于团队中拥有更多高地位冲突感知成员的结构下,且拐点位置更高;当任务互依性越高时,主效应倒U形曲线的拐点处于团队中拥有更少高地位冲突感知成员的结构下,且拐点位置更高。     

Team Dispersion,Information Technology,and Project Performance

The impact of information technology (IT) on the performance of distributed projects is not well understood. Although prior research has documented that dispersion among project teams has an adverse effect on project performance, the role of IT as an enabler of communication to bridge the spatial distance among team members in distributed networks has not been empirically studied. We focus on the role of IT as a moderator of the relationship between team dispersion and project performance using projects as the unit of analysis. We find that IT mitigates the negative effect of team dispersion on project performance, especially in high information volume projects. Our central contribution is the development of an empirically tested model to improve the understanding of the operational impact of IT as a vehicle to bridge spatial dispersion among distributed teams that are engaged in knowledge‐intensive work.     

Peers,proactivity, and problem-solving: A multilevel study of team impacts on stress appraisals of problem-solving demands

ABSTRACT

To date, there is a paucity of research on team-level impacts on the individual stress appraisal process despite the recognised role of teams for solving problems. Applying a multilevel approach, this study investigates the cross-level impact of team problem prevention behaviours on employee stress appraisals of problem-solving demands. It was hypothesised that team problem prevention would moderate the individual-level relationship between problem-solving demands and stress appraisals. Data were collected from 43 work teams comprised of 192 team members including all team leaders who also provided evaluations of their team’s problem prevention behaviour. Results supported the hypothesised cross-level moderating effects on challenge appraisal, but not threat appraisal. As one of the first studies to demonstrate that stress appraisals are impacted by the group, not just by individual factors, the results support a multilevel conceptualisation of stress appraisals. The findings also highlight implications for practice, broadening the scope of possibilities for stress management interventions to utilise team-level strategies such as leadership development programmes and/or team building initiatives.     

Does Religious Diversity in Health Team Composition Affect Efficiency? Evidence from Dubai

Team cultural diversity, the degree to which working team members differ in culture‐related factors, may affect healthcare teams’ outcomes. This paper focuses on one particular source of cultural diversity, namely religion, and examines its relation to the production efficiency of hospital wards. Building on the categorization‐elaboration model of organizational diversity, the authors test an empirical model positing that team religious diversity has non‐linear effects on efficiency, and considering the role of moderating variables of the relation diversity–efficiency. Empirically, the authors adopt a two‐step approach, whereby the first step applies data envelopment analysis to estimate efficiency scores for each team, and the second investigates the effect of diversity and of moderating variables. The model is tested on a sample of hospital wards from three large hospitals in Dubai. The results suggest an inverse U‐shaped relation between religious diversity and the wards’ efficiency. Evidence is provided that the relation is moderated by task complexity, task conflict, team leader tenure and diversity in nationality. This study advances research on the management of hospital team diversity by emphasizing the complexity of diversity effects and the importance of contextual factors.     

高管团队职能异质性与企业绩效关系研究:基于管理者认知和团队冲突的中介分析

高管团队的职能特征如何反映到企业绩效中一直是管理领域研究的重点,但是其实证检验结果呈现出复杂化的特征,一致性的结论尚未达成。本文从高阶梯理论和信息处理理论出发,较为全面地探索高管团队职能异质性如何影响企业绩效。研究结果表明:(1)高管团队职能异质性对企业绩效水平有负向的影响;(2)高管团队职能异质性会显著促进管理者认知集中性和复杂性的提高;(3)管理者认知集中性和复杂性的提高会进一步促进绩效水平的提高;(4)管理者认知是高管团队职能异质性影响企业绩效水平的中介机制;(5)高管团队职能异质性的提高会显著促进团队冲突的提高;(6)团队冲突的增强会抑制企业绩效水平的提高;(7)团队冲突是职能异质性影响企业绩效水平的中介机制。     

Predictors of the emergence of transformational leadership in virtual decision teams

This study examined the etiology of transformational leadership in virtual team contexts. First, we compared 127 members of virtual decision-making teams with 135 members of traditional face-to-face teams in terms of the relationship between aspects of personality and the emergence of transformational leadership. The type of communication media (face-to-face versus “pure” virtual) was found to interact with extraversion and emotional stability in the prediction of emerging transformational leadership. In line with prior findings, we showed how these personality characteristics were relevant to transformational leadership emergence in our face-to-face teams. However, they were largely unrelated to such leadership in the virtual team context. We also focused specifically on the virtual context by analyzing the content of team interactions. After accounting for the effect of degree of activity level, the linguistic quality in one's written communication was found to predict the emergence of transformational leadership in virtual teams.     

Building Bridges in Global Virtual Teams: The Role of Multicultural Brokers in Overcoming the Negative Effects of Identity Threats on Knowledge Sharing Across Subgroups

Global virtual teams experience difficulties in knowledge sharing, often related to identity threats that emerge across subgroups. In this conceptual paper we adopt the integrative model of subgroup relations to explore the role of multicultural brokers, i.e. team members or leaders who transcend different cultural boundaries and help to bridge differences among colleagues in different subgroups, in positively influencing the relationship between identity threats and knowledge sharing. We propose that identity threats across subgroups of global virtual teams have a negative impact on knowledge sharing quality and quantity. We contend that the presence of multicultural brokers help alleviate the negative effects of identity threats over knowledge sharing through a curvilinear moderating effect. We further propose that role (leader versus member), type of appointment (formal versus emergent), situated coworker familiarity with different subgroup members, and level of cultural intelligence of the multicultural broker play unique moderating roles on the relationship between identity threats and knowledge sharing quality and quantity. Our research offers theoretical contribution to the literature on subgroup relationships and knowledge sharing in global virtual teams and practical implications for managers and MNEs, helping guide management efforts.     

Leader self-projection and collective role performance: A consideration of visionary leadership

Leaders often need to project themselves into alternative situations, but there is a limited understanding of how, why, or when leader self-projection might influence their teams’ outcomes. Based on the notion that brain activity in the default mode network (DMN) underlies self-projection, such as future-oriented mental simulations, we argue that the effect of leaders’ DMN activity on team behavior such as collective role performance may be understood by considering both the leaders’ visionary behavior and their orientation towards socialized vision. Specifically, we posit that a leader’s trait-like brain activity in the leader’s DMN is associated with the leader’s visionary behavior. Furthermore, we argue that visionary leader behavior, when accompanied by socialized vision orientation, facilitates collective role performance of the team. As such, we examine the moderating role of a socialized orientation toward serving the interests of a wide range of stakeholders in reinforcing the positive effect of visionary leader behavior on collective role performance of team members, as well as the indirect effect of leader DMN activity on collective role performance via visionary leader behavior. We found support for our hypotheses using diverse research methodologies, including quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG), multi-source multi-wave surveys, and interview coding.