动态能力如何影响企业绩效——基于中国企业的实证研究

本研究以中国企业为样本对动态能力如何影响企业绩效的问题进行了分析和探讨。数据分析结果表明,战略过程对动态能力与企业绩效的正向作用关系具有明显的中介作用。但是,不同的动态能力维度对绩效的不同方面影响程度也不同,动态外部协调能力对企业绩效各个方面影响的显著程度在所有维度中最为突出,是企业在超竞争环境中树立竞争优势的关键。此外,动态能力构成维度间的路径关系表明,动态信息利用能力在企业动态适应外部环境变化过程中具有非常重要的节点作用,是企业培育动态能力路径的关键。     

研发投入对股权结构与企业绩效关系的中介效应研究——基于我国中小板上市企业的经验数据

本文以中小板上市企业为研究对象,以中小板上市企业2008-2010年度的面板数据为样本,利用年度报告中公开发布的研发投入数据,建立回归模型,利用统计方法进行实证检验。研究结果表明,股权集中度、股权制衡、研发投入都与企业绩效存在正向关系,并且研发投入在一定范围下,传导了股权结构对企业绩效的影响,即具有中介效应。     

研发投入对企业绩效的影响研究 ——基于企业金融化水平门限回归

本文选取1435家A股上市公司2011—2018年度的面板数据,以企业金融化水平作为门限变量,研究企业研发投入对企业绩效的非线性影响关系。研究结果表明:(1)企业金融化行为给研发投入对企业绩效的促进作用带来严重的时滞效应,研发投入对当年企业绩效不存在促进作用;(2)研发投入对未来一年企业绩效有双门限效应,二者呈倒N型关系,在第二区间内研发投入促进未来一年企业绩效;研发投入对未来二年企业绩效有单门限效应,在第一区间内研发投入促进未来二年企业绩效;(3)在适度的企业金融化水平区间内,研发投入才会促进未来企业绩效。本文指出上市公司金融化水平最优区间占比分布具有区域、行业和企业性质异质性,并进一步基于实证研究结果提出了相应的政策建议,有利于企业合理管理研发投入和防止企业脱实向虚。     

基于中国上市公司的资本结构、社会责任与企业绩效分析

以2009～2013年间我国A股上市公司的数据为样本,探讨了资本结构、社会责任和企业绩效之间的关系.通过构建面板数据回归模型,并采用广义最小二乘法对面板模型进行估计.研究表明,企业社会责任水平与资本结构负相关,社会责任水平的高低对资本结构与企业绩效的关系有调节作用:当企业社会责任水平较高时,资本结构与企业绩效负相关;当企业社会责任水平较低时,资本结构与企业绩效正相关,资本结构对企业绩效的影响效果随着社会责任水平的变化而变化.     

人力资源管理实践与企业绩效:基于动态环境的实证研究

根据对中国大陆企业人力资源部的经理和有关管理人员进行调查的111份有效问卷,分析经济转型和企业国际化的动态环境下,人力资本、人力资源管理实践与企业绩效的关系。通过质量和数量、匹配性、互补性、异质性这4个指标来衡量企业的人力资本,并以层级回归和多层次理论对假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,人力资源管理实践对企业绩效的影响是通过人力资本的部分中介作用来表现的;动态环境会减弱人力资源管理实践影响人力资本的直接作用关系,以及减弱人力资本的中介作用,即与稳定的环境相比,动态环境在人力资源管理实践与人力资本间具有调节效应。     

R&D强度与中国医药制造业上市公司绩效的门限效应研究

随着我国人口老龄化程度不断加深,医药制造业在行业中的地位日趋重要。本文采用我国医药制造业112家上市公司2012—2018年的面板数据,通过动态面板门限模型研究医药制造业R&D强度与企业绩效之间关系。研究结果表明:医药制造业企业的R&D强度对公司绩效的影响呈非线性,当R&D强度低于和高于5.26%时,R&D强度对企业绩效的影响系数分别为4.87和0.68。研究结果为政府、企业制定相关政策和制订计划提供了决策支持和数据参考,企业在制订研发计划时,应充分考虑R&D强度的门限效应,根据目前的R&D强度所处区间,以及政策、市场、企业自身情况等因素,综合制订合适的研发计划。     

利益相关者关系与企业财务绩效的实证研究——基于中国房地产上市公司的面板数据分析

本文采用2002-2008年中国26家房地产上市公司的面板数据,通过面板数据单位根检验、协整检验和误差修正模型,对利益相关者关系与企业财务绩效之间的长期和短期关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明:利益相关者关系与企业财务绩效之间存在长期和短期均衡关系,企业应在不同时期对各利益相关者采取差异化管理策略,满足他们各自的利益需求,与利益相关者建立良好的关系,这是提升企业财务绩效的关键。     

基于中国上市公司经验证据的国际多元化与企业绩效关系研究

基于中国上市公司样本的实证研究发现,企业绩效与国际多元化显著正相关,这种相关关系的统计显著性依赖于企业规模。关于企业绩效与国际多元化程度之间的关系分析表明,企业绩效与国际多元化程度之间的关系是线性的,不存在非线性关系;利用跨国公司作为样本的检验发现,企业绩效随国际多元化程度的增加而上升,对ROA统计上显著。关于国际多元化和行业多元化对企业绩效的交叉效应考察表明,行业多元化不是国际多元化与企业绩效之间关系的调节因子。同时,内生性检验表明,不能拒绝国际多元化是外生变量的假设。     

上市公司股权激励对企业绩效的影响研究

现代公司制的兴起,导致了企业所有权与经营权的分离,由此产生了委托代理问题,股权激励机制的产生,正是为了解决这一矛盾。本文选取2009年—2011年实施股权激励的上市公司作为研究对象,以管理层持股比例为自变量,以通过因子分析法得出的企业绩效为因变量,通过多元线性回归法进行实证分析,得出实证结果。     

Disentangling reciprocal relationships between R&D intensity,profitability and capital market performance: A panel VAR analysis

Research and development (R&D) investments are strategic choices that firms make to create and sustain competitive advantage. Extant literature proposes that firms’ R&D investments and their profitability and capital market performance are reciprocally related. However, the direction of these relationships and their temporal nature are unclear. We take a real options perspective to argue that the long-run firm performance effects of R&D investments are better than their short-term ones, and that the initial level of R&D intensity influences the nature of these relationships. We apply panel vector autoregression (P-VAR) to a sample of 6623 U.S. firms over the 1990–2020 period in order to test our hypotheses. Our results indicate that increases in R&D intensity have negative effects on profitability in the short term, yet these effects diminish relatively quickly. The effects of increases in R&D intensity on capital market performance are positive and persist over time. Consistent with our predictions, they are contingent on the initial levels of R&D intensity and performance. The findings are fundamentally in line with the real options perspective employed here, yet they add important nuance to our understanding of when, how, and under which conditions R&D investments and firm performance affect one another.     

Exploring the impact of sustainable value proposition on firm performance

Considering the immense potential of sustainable business models in tackling the broader challenge of corporate sustainability, this paper integrates the literature streams on sustainability practices and organizational business models to analyze the performance implications of a firm's sustainable value proposition. Based on the analysis of a large panel dataset across different industries, consistent with the proposed theory, a sustainable value proposition has been found to have a positive impact on a firm's market-based financial performance (namely, Tobin's Q). Yet, this impact turns out to be highly context-dependent. In particular, the findings reveal that a firm's R&D capabilities improve the positive effect of a sustainable value proposition on a firm's financial performance. At the same time, the marketing communication capabilities and sustainable practices regarding employee relations reduce the sustainable value proposition's financial performance effect, arguably due to the costs associated with marketing and the loss in employee interest during the process of adopting the sustainable business model elements.     

Effect of the board of directors and the audit committee on firm performance: a panel data analysis

This research examines the relationship between independent directors, the audit committee (AC), and firm performance, taking into account the impact of the chief executive officer’s powers and block shareholders. We use the maximum likelihood estimator, based on agency theory assumptions and cylindered panel data, to examine three models of firm performance. The results show that the independence of the board is reflected clearly by increased economic and equity performance of the firm. However, an AC that is fully independent or meets frequently is associated with lower firm performance. Unlike pension funds, institutional shareholders can be considered an effective control mechanism in the context of France. Our results development includes advanced explanations for market liquidity and shareholders’ portfolios. The study period ends before the European regulation on ACs came into effect in 2008. This allows for an appreciation of soft law in French corporate governance. It also lets us compare the data with the way firms operate their boards one decade later. The evidence provides useful guidelines on the supremacy of soft law in corporate governance and suggests that the composition and functioning of the board of directors should be moderated based on the firms’ context. The specificity of the cylindered panel data helps to better examine the impact of the board and AC’s independence and functioning in French corporate governance structure.     

The moderating effects of home region orientation on R&D investment and international SME performance: Lessons from Korea

Drawing from the resource-based view, we investigate how firm and country combinations affect international SME performance. Using a sample of 2676 international Korean SMEs, we explore the relationships among SME R&D investment, home region orientation and financial performance. Results show that R&D investment has a horizontally inverted S-shaped relationship with performance reflecting cost leadership, stuck in the middle, and differentiation strategies. We also find that a home region orientation moderates the relationship between R&D investment and performance. Home region orientation positively moderates the relationship when R&D investment reflects cost leadership or differentiation but negatively moderates a stuck in the middle strategy.     

The antecedents of new R&D collaborations with different partner types: On the dynamics of past R&D collaboration and innovative performance

We examine firms' propensity to adapt their R&D collaboration portfolio by establishing new types of R&D collaboration with different kinds of partners (suppliers, customers, competitors and universities & public research institutions). We argue that existing R&D collaboration with one of the two value chain partners (suppliers or customers) is associated with the formation of new R&D collaboration with the other value chain partner to ensure temporal alignment in innovation within the value chain. In contrast, issues related to governance and unintended knowledge spillovers suggest that ‘horizontal’ R&D collaboration with competitors only spurs R&D collaboration with other partner types if such competitor R&D collaboration has been discontinued earlier (‘delayed temporal alignment’). We posit that persistent prior R&D collaboration with institutional partners is an antecedent to the establishment of new R&D collaboration with industrial partners, and that discontinuation of a particular type of R&D collaboration is likely to lead to a restart of such R&D collaborative effort. Strong prior innovative performance is expected to increase the probability that firms establish R&D collaborations with new partner types, except for R&D collaboration with competitors, since the most innovative firms may fear leakage of proprietary knowledge to rivals. We find broad support for these predictions in a large panel of Spanish innovating firms (2004–2011). Our findings highlight that it is not just the configuration of R&D collaborations with existing partner types that predicts tie formation with new partner types, but also the intertemporal pattern of prior R&D collaboration and managerial discretion provided by past innovation success.     

DEA and ranking with the network-based approach: a case of R&D performance

This study enhances the network-based approach, which is a novel method to increase discrimination in data envelopment analysis. The enhancements include removing the bias caused by a scale difference among organizations and highlighting the approach's ability to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each organization. The former makes the approach applicable to both the constant returns of scale (CRS) and the variable returns of scale (VRS) models. The network-based approach applies the centrality concept developed in social network analysis to discriminate efficient decision making organizations as determined by standard data envelopment analysis (DEA). More specifically, the results of data envelopment analysis are transformed into a directed and weighted network in which each node represents a decision making organization and the link between a pair of node represents the referencing relationship between the pair. The centrality value for each efficient organization provides the base for discrimination and ranking. This network-based approach suggests aggregating DEA results of different input/output combinations such that the merits of each organization under various situations can be considered. The final ranking of this approach favors organizations that have their strengths evenly spread and tends to screen out specialized efficient organizations. As a real world example, the approach is applied to evaluate and rank the R&D (research and development) performance of Taiwan's government-supported research institutes. The cross-organizations and within-organization strengths for each efficient research institute are identified after applying the approach. A two-stage R&D evaluation model separates the R&D process into the technology development and technology diffusion stage. The resulting performance map differentiates the research institutes into four categories—Achievers, Marketers, Innovators, and Underdogs.     

Modelling the impact of performance management practices on firm performance: interaction with human resource management practices

The paper draws on resource orchestration theory to investigate whether and how performance management (PM) practices interact with human resource management (HRM) practices in organisations as well as how this interaction affects firm performance. The proposed theoretical model was tested through a survey of 192 UK firms using Partial Least Squares approach for structural equations modelling. The findings show that the effect of PM practices on firm performance is better explained when the interaction between these practices and other organisational practices is considered. In particular, we examine the extent to which the interaction between PM practices and commitment-based HRM practices affects performance. We find that when HRM practices and PM practices are misaligned, their effect on performance can be negative. This is the first paper in the PM literature that establishes the relationship between PM and HRM practices in organisations and demonstrates the effect of this relationship on firm performance.     

Evaluating the impact of lean practices on environmental performance: evidences from five manufacturing companies

Abstract

Previous evidence suggests that lean practices help organizations to enhance environmental performance. However, the impact of lean practices on the environment is still unclear. This study, therefore, aims to analyse the relationship between lean and environmental performance in two main stages: first, a review of the relevant literature was developed, followed by a multiple case study analysis conducted in five manufacturing companies. Onsite data were collected from the firms during a 5 years’ time span of research and developing semi-structured interviews. Findings indicate that the environmental performance of the companies analysed is generally enhanced in the long-term after the implementation of lean. Moreover, the results suggest that the environmental performance of the firms investigated is mainly improved by using JIT and TQM practices in a lean transformation context. The research findings provide further results remarking the possible negative impact of Kanban deliveries, 5S and TPM on various environmental performance indicators.     

Measuring business performance in the high-tech manufacturing industry: A case study of Taiwan's large-sized TFT-LCD panel companies

The nature of competition in the high-technology manufacturing industry has changed dramatically over the last two decades, and any of the traditional indicators of business performance are insufficient today. We have identified a new set of financial and non-financial performance indicators that can be used by high-tech manufacturing companies and have developed a business performance evaluation model. A data envelopment analysis (DEA), an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and a fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making approach are used in the model. Data from large-sized thin-film transistor liquid-crystal display panel companies in Taiwan were collected via a field survey and from various published databases and were fed into the model to determine the relative business performance of the companies. We hope that our findings will help high-tech manufacturing executives determine their companies’ strengths and weaknesses and lead to future improvements in business operations.