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1.
Jaeeun Kim 《Theory and Society》2009,38(2):133-164
The burgeoning literature on transborder membership, largely focused on the thickening relationship between emigration states
in the South and the postwar labor migrant populations and their descendants in North America or Western Europe, has not paid
due attention to the long-term macroregional transformations that shape transborder national membership politics or to the
bureaucratic practices of the state that undergird transborder claims-making. By comparing contentious transborder national
membership politics in South Korea during the Cold War and Post-Cold War eras, this article seeks to overcome these limitations.
In both periods, the membership status of colonial-era ethnic Korean migrants in Japan and northeast China and their descendants
was the focus of contestation. The distinctiveness of the case—involving both a sustained period of colonial rule and a period
of belated and divided nation-state building interwoven with the Cold War—highlights the crucial importance of three factors:
(1) the dynamically evolving macro-regional context, which has shaped transborder national membership politics in the region
in distinctive ways; (2) the essentially political, performative, and constitutive nature of transborder nation-building;
and (3) the role of state registration and documentation practices in shaping the contours of transborder national membership
politics in the long run. By incorporating Korea—and East Asia more broadly—into the comparative study of transborder nation-building,
this article also lays the groundwork for future cross-regional comparative historical studies.
Jaeeun Kim is a Ph.D. Candidate in Sociology at UCLA. Her scholarly interests include state-building, citizenship, nationalism, and international migration in East Asia from a comparative historical perspective. She is currently conducting dissertation fieldwork in Korea, northeast China, and Japan. 相似文献
Jaeeun KimEmail: |
Jaeeun Kim is a Ph.D. Candidate in Sociology at UCLA. Her scholarly interests include state-building, citizenship, nationalism, and international migration in East Asia from a comparative historical perspective. She is currently conducting dissertation fieldwork in Korea, northeast China, and Japan. 相似文献
2.
Giuliana Urso 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(3):779-790
The article proposes an interview with Mr. M. Baldwin Edwards—director of the Mediterranean migration observatory (MMO) based
in Athens—made in January 2007. Interview object was the analysis of the way Greece faced the Albanian migration flow in the
90s. Critically he points out the actors, the strategies, the historical and sociological reasons of this response. The protection
of human rights and the role of the European Union are also pointed out. The overall picture gives the impression of a Greek
answer that makes a confusion between a ‘border policy’ and a ‘migration policy’ leading to a (more or less conscious) ‘non
immigration policy’. 相似文献
3.
This article presents data, taken from a secondary analysisof a national survey, indicating that in 1968 most white Americanadults grossly exaggerated the support among other whites forracial segregation. Several correlates of this pattern of pluralisticignorance—the extent to which the respondents led segregatedlives, their racial attitudes, and their racial values—areexamined. Finally, the relationship between this form of pluralisticignorance and the willingness of these white respondents toendorse racially restricted housing is discussed. 相似文献
4.
Makoto Hogetsu 《The American Sociologist》2000,31(3):5-14
This article discusses the characteristics, problems, and future direction of sociology in Japan. The core problem of the
discipline is the disparity between theories and empirical studies. That is, sociologists in Japan are not yet accustomed
to the practice of integrating both conceptual inquiry and empirical methods—which has resulted in futile research that is
unable to influence social policies. This article explores this problem by surveying historical and institutional circumstances
that have surrounded sociologists since the founding of the discipline. The issues discussed include: the birth of the discipline,
the rule of the academy by prominent universities, the system of funding, and the practice of recruitment. By suggesting problems
that should be dealt with by today’s sociologists, the article indicates the road that sociologists must follow to rise above
their “TV commentator” image and take on more influential social roles as professional experts. 相似文献
5.
This article analyzes the processes taking place in the “post-Soviet space”—the former Soviet Union. This notion is viewed
as a special historical phenomenon implying not only common territory but also political, economic, cultural, mental, civil,
and other mutual ties inherited from the past. The social and political nature of the “post-Soviet space” is fast-changing
due to the impact of three interrelated factors: economic (the difference in economic potentials and the resource base, the
increasing dependence on fluctuations in prices for basic export commodities in the global market, and the weak domestic markets);
political (a new kind of conflicts between former Soviet republics, the instability of the political-party systems, the immaturity
of civil society, and the growth of authoritarian trends); and international one (the region is a crossroads of the geopolitical
interests of the world’s major players—Russia, the United States, the European Union and China). The vital importance of this
space for Russia causes it to pursue an active policy in this region. 相似文献
6.
Marcel Fournier 《The American Sociologist》2002,33(1):42-54
Quebec sociology and Quebec society are categorically distinct from other sociologies and countries. Both are “communities,”
both have French-speaking majorities, and both exist in Anglo-Saxon environments. As well, Quebec sociology has always been
and continues to be obsessed by the national question. Interpretations proposed by sociologists—predominantly French-speaking—of
and about the Quebec Question have never been independent of the struggles in which they have taken place. In fact, sociological
readings of nationalism in Quebec appear to be a direct consequence of their social position and relationship with political
power. Through the prism of sociology, the French-speaking collectivity in Canada has been, successively and simultaneously,
characterized through categories of race, ethnic group, society, and nation. 2
This article presents five ways in which sociologists have represented Quebec society. First, the Pioneers: Léon Gérin and
Marius Barbeau, or the Quebec “Difference” as a handicap. Second, the characterization of Quebec through race, territory,
and soul. Third provides the external perspectives of Miner and Hughes. Fourth will examine the Laval (Quebec) School. Finally,
this article will examine Quebec Society as either an ethnic or civic nation. Each theme has been set chronologically in specific
periods of Quebec sociology: the Pioneers (Part 1 and 2, before 1940); the institutionalization of academic sociology (Part
3 and 4, 1940-1969); and the “nationalization” and professionalization of sociology (Part 5, 1970 to the present). 相似文献
7.
This article examines the structure and stability of publicopinion between the 1972 and 1976 presidential elections. Thedata consist of a four-wave panel study of 800 residents inDearborn, Michigan; interviews were conducted in the springof 1974, 1975, and 1976 and in the fall of 1976 immediatelyafter the presidential election. The paper focuses on the structureof political attitudes, the stability of attitudes, and theimpact of attitudes on the presidential votes. A central thesisis that public opinion can be disaggregated into two clusters—theDisintegration Cluster and the Alignment Cluster—one ofwhich disrupts and one of which reinforces partisan voting.On the basis of correlations between the seven factors makingup the clusters, we anticipate neither a rapid realignment nora disintegration of the party system, but instability, withelection outcomes affected by attitudinal factors salient toa specific campaign. We find signs of increased crystallizationof political attitudes compared to the 1956–1958–1960national panel. Finally, our voting studies indicate that theDisintegration Cluster had a significant effect on the 1972election, but that issues in general had little impact in 1976,once controls were introduced for party identification and candidateimage. 相似文献
8.
Zsuzsanna Vargha 《Theory and Society》2010,39(2):203-243
This article investigates a puzzle in the rapidly evolving profession of advertising in post-socialist Hungary: young professionals
who came of age during the shift to market-driven practices want to produce advertising that is uncompromised by clients and
consumers, and to educate others about western modernity. It is their older colleagues—trained during customer-hostile socialism—who emphasize that
good professionals serve their clients’ needs. These unexpected generational positions show that 1) professions are more than groups expanding their
jurisdiction. They are fields structured by two conflicting demands: autonomy of expertise and dependence on clients. We can explain the puzzle by noting
that actors are positioning themselves on one or the other side based on their trajectory or movement in the field relative to other actors. Old and new groups vie for power in the transforming post-socialist professional
field, responding to each other’s claims and vulnerabilities, exploiting the professional field’s contradictory demands on
its actors. 2) The struggle is not between those who are oriented to the west and those that are not. Rather, the west is
both the means and the stake of the struggle over historical continuity and professional power. Imposing a definition of the
west is almost the same as imposing a definition of the profession on the field. In this historical case, “field” appears
less as a stable structure based on actors’ equipment with capital, than as dynamic relations moved forward by contestation
of the field’s relevant capital. 相似文献
9.
Augustin Kwasi Fosu 《Journal of Labor Research》1993,14(1):29-43
To better delineate the role of unionism in influencing the provision of nonwage benefits, this article argues that benefits
should be viewed as a limited-dependent variable. Employing such an approach, the study finds that previous OLS estimates
of the union effect embody substantial biases, which vary by industrial and employee-group classification. Moreover, the role
of unionism — plan initiation versus ability to augment benefit levels at established plans — varies according to employee
group, industrial classification, and the type of benefits. 相似文献
10.
Roberto P. Franzosi 《Theory and Society》2010,39(6):593-629
At the heart of this article is a structural approach to narrative, based on the work of Propp, Labov, van Dijk, Halliday,
and others. The article highlights the structural features of narrative—basically, the organization of the genre around the
semantic template actor-action-actor (syntactically rendered as subject-verb-object but where, in narrative, the subject is
typically a social actor and the verb a social action) and the modifiers of each element of this triplet, such as time and
space of action—and shows how to implement this structure in a computer environment and how to use this methodological tool
in socio-historical research (namely, the rise of Italian fascism, 1919–22). But, taking a cue from Halliday’s cover jacket
of his An Introduction to Functional Grammar, with its representation of a color circle, the paper takes the reader on an intellectual journey from Newton to Goethe—and
the quality versus quantity debate—to Goethe and Propp, to end, back home, with Simmel and Weber. 相似文献
11.
DIXON RICHARD D.; LOWERY ROGER C.; LEVY DIANE E.; FERRARO KENNETH F. 《Public opinion quarterly》1991,55(2):241-254
Numerous studies report that self-interest has a non significantinfluence upon various political and social attitudes. In contrast,a recent article by Green and Gerken (1989) reports a Californiastudy showing that cigarette smokers are significantly moreopposed than nonsmokers to public smoking restrictions and tobaccosales tax increases. The present article replicates and extendsthis analysis with data from two different states—Illinois(in 1984, N=458)—and North Carolina (in 1985, N=488)—andusing analysis techniques that differ from and expand upon theCalifornia study. Despite these methodological differ ences,self-interest is again shown to have a significant influenceon opinions concerning public smoking restrictions and taxation,as well as on several additional issues relating to smokingand tobacco. 相似文献
12.
Vanina Leschziner 《Theory and Society》2006,35(4):421-443
This article is a study of the development of modern European cuisine through an examination of the socio-cognitive schemas which shape the way social actors think of and about food. While the historical phase that spans from the late middle ages to modernity has been widely studied (mainly by historians) I advance a new interpretation which focuses on the influence of cognitive patterns on the structure of cuisine — the ways of eating, cooking and serving food. I argue that the shift in the mode of classification helps explain the origin of the modern configuration of cuisine built on the polarity between the sweet and savory tastes. Using the case of cuisine, I propose to see the cultural schemas which define thinking in a socio-historical context as providing the conditions of possibility for transformations in a cultural sphere to occur. This article thus attempts to contribute to our understanding of the relation between cultural practices and cognitive schemas. 相似文献
13.
This article argues that Alfred Chandler's analysis of the British firm cannot be transposed to the very different context
of non-profit organisations in Britain. Both in relation to charitable non-profit organisations and mutual benefit organisations,
Chandler's theory of the development of firms does not help explain organisational development. The main thrust of the argument
is that the explanation for the smaller size of charitable non-profits in Britain than in America is largely institutional
and partly socio-cultural; the explanation does not lie in any failure in Britain to adopt new techniques of management and
organisation. With mutual benefit non-profits, a rather different account is presented. ‘Mutuals’ which had a strong fraternal
element were relatively more successful in Britain than in America, although there is less difference between the two countries
with regard to ‘non-fraternal’ mutuals. Once again, it is argued that institutional and socio-cultural factors—rather than
the factors identified by Chandler—account for this.
I wish to thank Desmond King for his helpful comments on an earlier version of this essay. 相似文献
14.
Every arbitrator has had a scheduled arbitration hearing cancelled because the disputants have privately resolved the matter.
This article identifies and examines those characteristics of grievance impasses that are associated with pre-arbitral dispute
settlement — that is, settlement of a grievance dispute after submission to arbitration but before an award is issued — and
those that are associated with arbitral dispute settlement — that is, settlement of a grievance dispute through issuance of
an arbitration award. The study concludes that the primary determinant of pre-arbitral settlement is the degree of private,
outside, legal representation. 相似文献
15.
Rodolfo S. Goncebate 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1995,6(3):330-344
Foundations — or proto-foundations — that had their roots in the western world in the Greek and Roman civilisations later
found their way into ancient Spanish law. The early historical inheritance was transferred by Spain and Portugal to Latin
America. Those first foundations were dedicated to a few activities in the areas of health, education and community services.
In this article I briefly follow the transition from the traditional foundations to the contemporary one with their wider
scope of activities. There is an attempt to follow the correspondence that may exist for the Argentine case between these
foundations and extant theories that attempt to explain their role in a wider societal and economic context to conclude that
the evidence is still limited for the various failure approaches discussed in the literature. Alternatively, we suggest that
the retrenchment of the welfare state should be considered one of the factors that lead to the increase in the number of foundations
and the diversification of their activities. The analysis incorporates the issue of discontinuities and crisis, and the strategies
followed by different types of foundations under authoritarian rule and periods of high inflation. Surprisingly, during those
periods the foundations continued to increase in numbers. I suggest that an adequate explanation for the dynamics of those
foundations requires a socio-political approach complemented with the analysis of some economic factors. 相似文献
16.
In this article, I attempt to address some enduring problems in formulation and practical use of the notion of structure in
contemporary social science. I begin by revisiting the question of the fidelity of Anthony Giddens’ appropriation of the idea
of structure with respect to Levi-Strauss. This requires a reconsideration of Levi-Strauss’ original conceptualization of
“social structure” which I argue is a sort of “methodological structuralism” that stands sharply opposed to Giddens’ ontological
reconceptualization of the notion. I go on to show that Bourdieu’s contemporaneous critique of Levi-Strauss is best understood
as an attempt to recover rather than reject the central implication of Levi-Strauss’ methodological structuralism, which puts
Bourdieu and Giddens on clearly distinct camps in terms of their approach toward the idea of structure. To demonstrate the—insurmountable—conceptual
difficulties inherent in the ontological approach, I proceed by critically examining what I consider to be the most influential
attempt to resolve the ambiguities in Giddens structuration theory: Sewell’s argument for the “duality of structure.” I show
that by retaining Giddens’ ontological focus, Sewell ends up with a notion of structure that is at its very core “anti-structuralist”
or only structuralist in a weak sense. I close by considering the implications of the analysis for the possibility of developing
the rather neglected “methodological structuralist” legacy in contemporary social analysis. 相似文献
17.
Based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, this article delineates a process through which members of an Orthodox Jewish
neighborhood in Los Angeles unintentionally delegate boundary work and membership-identification to anonymous others in everyday
life. Living in the midst of a non-Jewish world, orthodox men are often approached by others, both Jews and non-Jews, who
categorize them as “religious Jews” based on external marks such as the yarmulke and attire. These interactions, varying from
mundane interactions to anti-Semitic incidents, are then tacitly anticipated by members even when they are not attending to
their “Jewishness”—when being a “Jew” is interactionally invisible. Through this case, I argue that, in addition to conceptualizing
boundaries and identifications as either emerging in performance or institutionally given and stable, the study of boundaries
should also chart the sites in which members anticipate categorization and the way these anticipations play out in everyday
life. 相似文献
18.
WHO GETS THE NEWS? ALTERNATIVE MEASURES OF NEWS RECEPTION AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
This article investigates patterns in audience reception of16 news stories that received prominent media coverage in thesummer and fall of 1989. Using a national sample of Americanadults, it compares education, self-reported rates of mediause, interpersonal communication, and prior levels of generalpolitical knowledge as predictors of individual differencesin recall of current news events. Results indicate that respondents'background level of political knowledge is the strongest andmost consistent predictor of current news story recall acrossa wide range of topics, suggesting that there is indeed a generalaudience for news and that this audience is quite sharply stratifiedby preexisting levels of background knowledge. Thus, in surveyresearch applications that require estimates of individual differencesin the reception of potentially influential political communications,a measure of general prior knowledge—not a measure ofnews media use—is likely to be the most effective indicator.The article further concludes that the tendency of individualsto acquire news and information on a domain- or topic-specificbasis fails to undermine the value of political knowledge asa general measure of propensity for news recall. 相似文献
19.
Cynthia Estlund 《Journal of Labor Research》2007,28(4):591-608
This article argues that the ineffectuality of American labor law and the shrinking scope of collective representation and
collective bargaining are partly traceable to the law’s “ossification”—to its having been essentially sealed off for several
decades from democratic revision and renewal and from local experimentation and innovation. The elements of this process of
ossification, once assembled, make up an imposing set of barriers to innovation. The basic law has been cut off from legislative
revision at the national level by Congress; from “market”-driven competition by employers; from the entrepreneurial and creative
energies of private litigation; from variation at the state or local level by representative or judicial bodies; from changing
constitutional doctrine; and from emerging transnational legal norms. Moreover, the National Labor Relations Board—the designated
institutional vehicle for adjusting the labor laws to modern conditions—is increasingly hemmed in by the age of the text and
the large body of judicial interpretations that has grown up over the years. The resulting statutory scheme is drastically
out of date and out of sync with the needs of 21st century workers and labor markets.
相似文献
Cynthia EstlundEmail: |
20.
Susan Appe 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2010,21(1):3-21
This study investigates the relationships between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and the state. It demonstrates that
Colombian state institutions aim to foster “culturally democratic citizens” through decentralization initiatives and participation
mechanisms at the local level. The National Culture Plan is an overarching national policy that intends to be a reference
for governance and civil society participation looking particularly to the players involved in the provision and consumption
of cultural activities for its implementation. It marks a change at the national level as it launches civil society into the
formulation of cultural policies and political participation in general. By examining local nongovernmental organizations
through document and qualitative analysis, the study identifies four types of nongovernmental organizations that self-identified
as working in cultural activities in Bogotá—insiders, yearners, dismissers, and outsiders. These types of NGOs emerged in personal interviews and illustrate that NGO–state relationships vary across the sector. Participation
among the nongovernmental sector is uneven despite institutional reforms and initiatives supported by national legislation.
This article provides data to add to a growing and innovative body of research necessary for professionals in public policy
and nongovernmental management fields. 相似文献