The Relationship between Economic Development and Social Welfare: A New Adjusted GDP Measure of Welfare

Existing literature focuses on the issue ofpreparation of social welfare measurements onthe basis of an unadjusted Gross DomesticProduct (GDP). This paper extends this methodto incorporate cost-benefit analysis ofeconomic growth in a growing economy incalculating the adjusted GDP, termed as thecost-benefit (CB)-adjusted GDP. This approachis empirically applied to Thailand. There arestark differences between GDP per capita and CBadjusted GDP per capita rates for this period.This paper concludes that GDP can be used as anindicator of social welfare if the GDPestimates are undertaken within a cost-benefitanalysis framework.     

Ethnic Diversity,Social Exclusion and Economic Determinants of Crimes: A Case Study of Pakistan

The eventual objective of social disciplines is to ensure the existence of peaceful and prosperous societies through the provision and protection of property rights for all segments of society. The deprived and socially excluded persons attempt to violate the formal rules and informal norms of the society. Developing countries have been facing rapidly increased number of violators of rules and norms, causing to higher crime rate which confronts multifarious ethnic problems, religion, multi-lingual problems. The case of Pakistan dose not varies when our study consider socioeconomic causes of crimes i.e. ethnic diversity and social exclusion. Present study is a contribution in this blistering issue, particularly in case of Pakistan. Therefore, our study explores the socioeconomic determinants of crime rate in Pakistan, by using bound testing and auto regressive distributive lag technique for the data period of 1970–2015. The estimated results reveal that ethnic diversity, social exclusion and deterrence have positive and significant impact on property, violence crime rates, and on overall crimes in Pakistan. While per capita income and population density, both have negative and significant impact on property and violence crimes.     

决定社会融合的经济因素--来自四川省阿坝州农牧区的调查

在市场化进程中,四川省阿坝州农牧区社会经济不平等现象显著,"生态贫困"、"健康贫困"和"教育贫困"的状况并存.基本健康无保障和非农就业市场教育水平"门槛"提高的现状,导致贫困人口受困于边缘化的可能性增大.为了扭转这种局面,需要继续对最贫困的群体予以食品援助.同时,政府的地区发展和扶贫政策,必须将人力资源发展和就业促进设为优先目标.     

Social Tolerance and Economic Development

Trust is a social capital with burgeoning research interests from diverse disciplines in the social sciences, behavioral sciences and health fields. Despite these abundant literatures, trust research in sub-Saharan Africa is limited. The overwhelming area of interest on trustworthiness have also been focused on the trustee, with little consideration of the extent to which individuals perceive themselves to be trustworthy and the factors that may predict trustworthiness. The present study examined the contributions of personality and religiosity to propensity to trust and trustworthiness in a Nigerian student sample. Data was obtained using self-report measures of the Big Five Personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience), religiosity (operationalised as attendance to religious activities), trust, and trustworthiness. Results showed that agreeableness predicted increased trust, whereas conscientiousness and neuroticism predicted lower trust. Neither trust nor trustworthiness was significantly predicted by extraversion and openness to experience. Greater trustworthiness was predicted by high agreeableness, while high conscientiousness predicted reduced trustworthiness. Neuroticism did not predict trustworthiness. Religious involvement did not predict trust, but greater frequency of attendance to religious activities predicted lower trustworthiness. Findings suggest that agreeableness and conscientiousness may be important traits of interest in relation to trust and trustworthiness among youth in the sub-Saharan African context. Externalities of religion such as regular attendance to religious worship may not result to trust and may not foster trustworthiness. Researchers should give more attention to this area of research in order to clearly show their implications for social policy in developing countries.

     

社会网络视角下中国农村成年男性初婚风险的影响因素分析

在婚姻挤压背景下,男性拥有较多的社会网络资源是否意味着他们有更多结识异性和获得应急性经济支持的机会,从而增加了其初婚的概率?利用2008年西安交通大学人口与发展研究所在安徽X县调查的数据,从社会网络角度出发,采用事件史分析方法分析影响18~50岁农村男性初婚风险水平的因素。分析结果表明,当前农村男性的初婚年龄主要集中在22~27岁之间,27岁以上仍未结婚的男性,其成婚的概率急剧下降,成为婚姻市场的弱势群体;男性自身的特征和资源拥有状况,包括婚前社会网络、个人经济和非经济特征、家庭和社区因素,往往决定着个人的初婚风险水平,一般来说,男性自身特征和资源拥有状况越差,结婚的可能性越小。     

Social Capital,Economic Development,and Homicide: A Cross-National Investigation

This article draws from an ongoing debate over explanations of homicide. Within this debate, we investigate the pro-social effects of civil society and social capital. Few cross-national studies explore whether elements of social capital either increase or decrease homicide. The cross-national work that does is often characterized by small, homogeneous samples and the use of inappropriate statistical techniques. Replicating elements of Lederman et al.’s (Econ Dev Cult Change 50:509–539, 2002) original study but with wave IV World Values Survey data and negative binomial regression, we find weak support for the beneficial consequences of social capital on homicide. One dimension of social capital, however, does exhibit a significant negative association with homicide rates, net of other influences: social activism. We also fail to support the Durkheimian hypothesis that the negative effect of social capital on homicide is conditional on modernization. We explore the implications of the findings along with avenues for future research.     

Social and Economic Wellbeing in Europe and the Mediterranean Basin: Building an Enlarged Human Development Indicator

This paper calculates a human Wellbeing Composite Index (WCI) for 42 countries, belonging to the European Economic Space, North Africa and the Middle East, as an alternative to the shortcomings of other well-known measures of socio-economic development (i.e. Gross Domestic Product per head and Human Development Index). To attain this goal, different data envelopment analysis (DEA) models are used as an aggregation tool for seven selected socio-economic variables which correspond to the following wellbeing dimensions: income per capita, environmental burden of disease, income inequality, gender gap, education, life expectancy at birth and government effectiveness. The use of DEA allows avoiding the subjectivity that would be involved in the exogenous determination of weights for the variables included in WCI. The aim is to establish a complete ranking of all countries in the sample, using a three-step process, with the last step consisting in the use of a model that combines DEA and compromise programming, and permits to obtain a set of common weights for all countries in the analysis. The results highlight the distance that still separates Southern Mediterranean countries from the benchmark levels established by some European countries, and also point to the main weaknesses in individual countries’ performance. Nordic countries, plus Switzerland, top the list of best performers, while Mauritania, Libya and Syria appear at the bottom.     

异质人力资本流动与区域经济发展——以上海市为例

人力资本是异质的,其流动既会对流入地和流出地的经济发展产生直接和间接影响,也会对由若干地区组成的整个区域的经济发展发挥重要作用。在界定人力资本异质性的基础上,文章对此问题进行了模型分析与实证研究,认为通过调控异质人力资本流动可以促进区域经济的发展。     

日本的人力资源开发与经济发展

日本是世界上经济、科技最发达的国家之一。日本的经济之所以在战后迅速发展,造就了世界经济的奇迹,一个重要的因素是它重视人力资源开发。一部日本经济的发展史可以说是日本人力资源开发的历史。日本长期以来由于重视基础教育、本国人才的培养、国外优秀人才的引进,以及人才的合理使用等人力资源开发,并实施了世界上成功的人才竞争战略,带来劳动力素质的提高和智力资源的增长,加速了日本经济发展的进程。     

Determinants of Subjective Quality of Life Among Rural Adolescents: A Developmental Perspective

This study examines youths' experiences of loneliness and community connectedness in relation to seven domains of subjective quality of life among pre-adolescents, early adolescents, and middle adolescents. Participants consisted of 464 youth, ranging in age from 11 to 17 years, from two rural towns. Youth reported on their subjective experiences of loneliness and their perceptions of their community environments (neighbourhood and school). Hierarchical regressions indicated the importance of loneliness in accounting for subjective quality of life for early adolescents, and less so for middle and pre-adolescents. Community factors significantly accounted for additional variance in pre-adolescents' reports of their quality of life, compared with early and middle adolescents' reports. Discussion highlights the importance of understanding the determinants of quality of life from an individual, community, and developmental perspective.     

人力资本对我国西部经济发展的效应研究

本文用改进的人力资本外部模型测算了1995—2009年人力资本对我国西部12个省市区经济发展的影响。结果表明,西部地区经济发展重物质投入而轻人力资本,整体经济发展属于资本驱动型;人力资本结构与经济发展不相匹配,出现了明显的断层;同时,人力资本水平没有与经济发展同步提高,并且配置也出现扭曲。     

The Impact of Migration on Chinese Economic and Social Development

Ever since the implementation of Economic Reform Policy, the massive population flow has promoted the optimal allocation of labor resources, improvement in productivity, and acceleration of the rapid economic development in china. Such promotion brought the most extensive and profound changes on today＇s economic and social lives.     

社会成就归因倾向及其影响因素

文章在西方行为归因理论的基础上,建构了社会成就归因理论及其分析框架,并运用实证调查资料对理论进行假设检验,分析影响社会成就归因的因素。研究结果表明,社会成就归因与个体行为归因具有同样的规律;社会成就归因理论对人们的社会认知和社会运行状况具有比较好的解释力。     

出生性别比的社会经济决定因素:对2000年中国最大的36个少数民族的分析

虽然中国很多少数民族都没有实现严格的计划生育政策,但他们的生育依然受到了限制。这种生育限制增加了有男嗣偏好的家庭采取人为手段控制新生儿性别的趋向。同时,少数民族之间的传统文化、生活习惯和经济发展程度也有所不同。这些因素使各个少数民族呈现出不同的生育状况,包括新生儿性别比的高低。本文试图通过分析某些社会和经济因素对中国少数民族新生儿性别比的影响来证明社会经济对生育行为中男嗣偏好的影响。     

质量型人力资源与西部经济发展

质量型人力资源是现代经济发展的中心资源。西部经济持续、健康发展的关键是质量型人力资源开发。加快质量型人力资源开发是促进西部经济发展的战略性措施。     

人口红利的经济社会代价与可持续发展

本文分析了人口红利背后的经济社会代价,意在提请人们注意,人口红利是一把双刃剑,在看到人口红利好处的同时,也要洞察其背后的隐患,不能盲目乐观。我们的真正目的不是要事受人口红利,而是要摆脱对它的依赖。只有利用好人口红利期,在人口机会窗关闭前积极求变,才能实现可持续发展。     

城市流动人口社会融合的过程、测量及影响因素

本文提出流动人口的社会融合是一个逐步同化和减少排斥的过程,是流动人口对城市的主观期望和城市的客观接纳相统一的过程,是本地人口和外来移民发生相互交往和构建相互关系的过程。本文通过模型分析,验证了流动人口社会融合影响因素的三个假设,即流动人口的个人和家庭状况影响社会融合;流动人口的社区参与和社会资本影响社会融合;城市的制度安排影响流动人口的社会融合。     

流动人口在流动过程中的暂时性回流及其影响因素——基于生命历程的视角

流动人口的暂时性回流是其流动过程中的重要一环,但在迄今的相关研究中长期遭到忽视.本文基于2015年国家卫生计生委流动人口动态监测数据以及对福建省有代表性的流动人口流动经历和过程问卷调查数据,在生命历程理论的视角下揭示了流动人口暂时性回流的特征,并运用二元logistic回归模型对其影响因素进行分析.结果表明:(1)近三成流动人口在流动过程中有过暂时性回流行为,且结婚、 生养孩子等人生阶段性目标为其回流的主要原因;(2)半数以上流动人口的暂时性回流行为发生在首次城市流动和首次职业流动之后;(3)婚姻、 生育、 就业变动等生命历程中的重大事件对流动人口的暂时性回流行为产生显著影响.从性别差异上看,女性流动人口的暂时性回流整体上受到上述因素的影响程度高于男性.女性更容易受到婚姻、 家庭子女数量等因素的影响,生命历程对女性的暂时性回流行为更具解释力.最后,提出了相关政策启示.     

Statistical Communique on National Economic and Social Development in 2003

Following are main excerpts of the StatisticalCommunique onDevelopment inNational Economic and Social2003 released by the NationalBureau of Statistics on February 26, 2004. -- Editor     

新时期人力资源开发与提高经济增长质量和效益研究

新时期加快人力资源开发已成为提高经济增长质量与效益的根本前提。人力资源开发是经济社会发展的内在主导力量的源泉。因此,当前如何寻求有效对策加快人力资源开发,已成为新世纪我国具有重大战略意义的紧迫课题。