亟须提高领导职位的激励效力

把德才兼备的干部提拔到相应的领导职位,这既是推动事业发展的客观需要,也是营造干事创业氛围的重要激励措施.但从目前领导工作的实际看,一方面是领导职位的设置过滥,以致官满为患;另一方面是大量德才兼备、政绩突出、进取心强的干部得不到应有的提拔重用,以致在相当多的单位形成了有权干事的人不愿干或干不了,而愿意干也能干的人却没条件干的沉郁气氛.也就是说,领导职位的激励效力不高,甚至产生了很大的负效应.对此,有两个问题须特别注意.     

提升干部资源管理水平的思考

<正>干部是党的事业的担负者、推动者,能不能抓好干部队伍,让干部都来干事,是一级组织和一方领导必须思考的问题。时下,在许多地方,一些领导尤其是主要领导常常抱怨没有人干事,没有人能干事;一些地方把干部不愿意干事、不想干事、不动脑筋干事,归结为     

单位领导打造优秀管理团队的策略与方法

打造优秀管理团队的过程,最能体现单位领导的驾驭力、控制力、协调力。单位领导打造优秀团队需要通过文化引领正确指引团队前进方向,通过目标激励不断激发团队工作活力,通过示范带动推动团队进位争先,通过心灵交流完成团队内部沟通互动,通过主动搭台打造团队干事平台,通过严格奖惩树立团队工作导向,通过建章立制强化团队行为约束,通过注重反省提高团队纠偏能力。     

警惕团队中的八类“乞丐”

正1.领导不和我沟通,我就不和领导沟通。2.领导不认可我,我就不好好干。3.领导不鼓励我,我就不好好干。4.我不开心,是因为领导不会哄我。5.完不成任务,总是拿一堆客观理由来应付。6.做错事,希望别人不要小题大做。7.不懂技术,抱怨单位没有培训。8.不上进,抱怨单位氛围不好。     

怎样引导下属间的竞争

市场需要竞争,单位也需要竞争.如果能形成良好的竞争态势,单位必然会出现人人竟相工作,个个多琢磨事、少琢磨人的可喜景象.领导引导下属间竞争有四种方法可资借鉴.     

群体决策中的“沉默螺旋”现象及应对之策

"沉默螺旋"现象使群体决策呈现决策过程不完善、决策结果不科学、决策群体权威弱化等不足。究其原因,"沉默螺旋"现象受到非正式规则、群体权威、个体自身利益等因素的影响。对此,组织要发挥领导作用,厘清权力边界;完善议事规则,优化决策程序;营造民主氛围,加强团队沟通。     

年轻干部如何与领导进行有效沟通

人际沟通是一门学问。年轻干部来到一个新的工作环境后,首先要学会与人沟通,不仅要与同事沟通,更要与领导沟通。年轻干部能否与领导进行有效沟通并形成良好的上下级关系,对自己以后的发展具有重要意义。一、坦诚相待,主动沟通。与人坦诚相待,反映了一个人的优良品格。年轻干部在工作中要赢得领导的肯定和支持,很重要的一点是要让领导感受到你的坦诚。工作中的事情不要对领导保密或隐瞒,要以开放而坦率的态度与领导交往,这样领导才会觉得你可以信赖,才能以一种真诚的态度与你相处。因此,年轻干部来到一个单位后,要做的第一件事就是要与人坦诚…     

单位内部争端诱因、负面效应与消除策略

单位内部存在领导与领导、领导与员工、员工与员工争端三种类型,其诱发原因各不相同。单位内部争端易对单位治理生态、员工干事热情、团队绩效等产生负面效应。消除单位内部争端,应建立争端解决机制,强化单位制度建设,加强单位文化建设,增强领导艺术。     

积极领导力的内涵、价值与策略研究

消极领导方式包括辱虐式领导、破坏式领导、欺凌行为和不作为等,会导致领导力发挥作用受阻和上下级关系紧张,不利于组织健康发展。积极领导力是新的研究范式,积极性是其核心要素,并与组织卓越绩效、员工发展相联系。以"领导自我—领导他人—领导组织—领导结果"为研究框架,从"个体—群体—组织"层面分析积极力感知与领导力发挥作用的过程,包括借助建构积极情绪、重塑和完善组织文化等方法来营造积极氛围,借助自主沟通、欣赏式探询等方法来促进积极沟通的实现,借助授权、建设广义互惠网络等方法建立积极关系,借助设立终极目标等方法来实现积极意义等。     

新领导如何破解“老大难”

<正>人的一生不可能是一帆风顺的,领导工作也一样,总会遇到一些坎坎坷坷。特别是新到一个单位任职的主要领导,可能会遇到一些意想不到的问题甚至是"老大难"问题。比如,有的领导一到新单位就发现单位存在严重的"软懒散"现象。"软懒散"现象的出现,原因应该是多方面的,有可能是领导班子管     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.