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1.
Ann E. Horvath-Rose H. Elizabeth Peters Joseph J. Sabia 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):119-138
An explicit goal of policymakers in drafting welfare reform policies was to reduce incentives for nonmarital childbearing.
This paper estimates the extent to which state welfare reforms have lowered age and race-specific nonmarital fertility. Using
state-level data from 1984 to 1999—a time period that includes the passage and implementation of national welfare reform—we
estimate fixed effects models corrected for heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation. We find evidence that the family cap,
a policy that decreases or eliminates the incremental increase in benefits for mothers who have an additional child while
on welfare, is associated with a decline in nonmarital birth ratios. However, we also find that the family cap is associated
with higher marital birth rates. Taken together with other research, our findings suggest evidence of policy endogeneity.
相似文献
Joseph J. Sabia (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
Holly E. Heard Bridget K. Gorman Carolyn A. Kapinus 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):773-797
While the relationship between family structure and child well-being is well-established, little is known about the specific
impact of family structure on health in adolescence and young adulthood. Using data on 12,737 respondents from Waves I and
III of Add Health, we examine the association between family structure (two biological/adoptive, stepfather, and single mother
families at Wave I) and self-rated health in adolescence (Wave I) and young adulthood (Wave III). We build on previous literature
by investigating whether the relationship between family structure and self-rated health is mediated by demographic background,
socioeconomic status, parent–child relationships, external social support, and health characteristics and behaviors, and whether
the influence of these factors endures into adulthood. Overall, we find that self-rated health is reduced for respondents
who lived in stepfather or single mother families during adolescence, although this effect is attenuated in young adulthood.
Family structure effects at both waves are explained by socioeconomic status, social support and competence, and health characteristics
and behaviors. We find little evidence that demographic background or mother–child relationships mediate the relationship
between family structure and self-rated health. By young adulthood, effects of most adolescent predictors are attenuated,
but health assessments are largely influenced by changes in health characteristics and behaviors, and in family type.
相似文献
Holly E. HeardEmail: |
3.
Studies of immigrants' destination language acquisition to date have focused on the individual. In contrast, this paper is
concerned with the relationships among family members in the determinants of destination language proficiency among immigrants.
A model of immigrant language proficiency is augmented to include dynamics among family members. It is tested using data on
a sample of recent immigrants. Children are shown to have a negative effect on their mother's language proficiency, but no
effect on their father's. There is a substantial positive correlation between the language skills of spouses. This is due
to the correlation between spouses in both the measured and the unmeasured determinants of destination language skills, even
when country of origin fixed effects are held constant.
相似文献
Paul W. MillerEmail: |
4.
Birth order matters: the effect of family size and birth order on educational attainment 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1
Using the British Household Panel Survey, we investigate if family size and birth order affect children’s subsequent educational
attainment. Theory suggests a trade-off between child quantity and “quality” and that siblings are unlikely to receive equal
shares of parental resources devoted to children’s education. We construct a new birth order index that effectively purges
family size from birth order and use this to test if siblings are assigned equal shares in the family’s educational resources.
We find that the shares are decreasing with birth order. Ceteris paribus, children from larger families have less education,
and the family size effect does not vanish when we control for birth order. These findings are robust to numerous specification
checks.
相似文献
Hiau Joo KeeEmail: |
5.
Kristen Harknett 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(3):347-365
Among a recent birth cohort in U.S. cities, young children were far more likely to be diagnosed with asthma and to experience
an asthma-related emergency if their parents were unmarried. Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing
Study, I find that the child health benefits of marriage seem to stem from the benefits of parental coresidence and the demographic
and socioeconomic correlates of marriage. Children whose parents live apart appear to be at heightened risk of asthma even
after taking into account demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The child health benefits of marriage are only weakly
related to mothers’ health behaviors and are not related to father involvement. An analysis of relationship transitions suggests
that marital disruption may be more harmful for children than the disruption of cohabiting unions. The results provide some
cautions and considerations for the U.S. government’s Healthy Marriage Initiative.
相似文献
Kristen HarknettEmail: |
6.
Barbara Wolfe Robert Haveman Karen Pence Jonathan A. Schwabish 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(1):73-100
We hypothesize that teen nonmarital birth events are influenced by adolescent girls’ perceptions of the consequences of their
choices. Two such consequences are explored: (1) a teen’s expected future marriage and cohabitation relationships and (2)
the present value of expected future income. We also measure the effects of the characteristics of the teen, her prior choices,
her family, her neighborhood, and the social and economic environment in which she lives. The results, based on the Michigan
Panel Study of Income Dynamics, suggest that teens place greater weight on the relationship consequences than the income consequences,
but that both consequences influence their nonmarital birth choices.
相似文献
Jonathan A. SchwabishEmail: |
7.
Children are increasingly spending time in cohabiting parent families. Most studies that examine the implications of parental
cohabitation focus on parental living arrangements at a single point in time. Using data from the National Survey of Family
Growth (NSFG), we assess whether and how parental cohabitation during childhood influences adolescent girls’ well-being. This
work moves beyond prior studies by specifically considering the effects of the exposure to, transitions, and age at which
children lived in cohabiting parent families. The results indicate living in cohabiting parent families is consequential for
earlier sexual initiation, likelihood of having a teen birth, and high school graduation. Prior work suggests that the explanation
for the negative effect of parental cohabitation is family instability. Yet, our empirical work shows that family instability
does not explain the relationship between cohabitation and negative child outcomes. We conclude that the best way to understand
the implications of parental cohabitation is to adopt a dynamic family experience model.
相似文献
Ronald E. BulandaEmail: |
8.
The Canadian unemployment insurance program is designed to reflect the varying risk of joblessness across regions. Regions that are considered low-risk areas subsidize higher-risk ones. A region’s risk is typically proxied by its relative unemployment rate. We use a dynamic, heterogeneous-agent model calibrated to Canada to analyze voters’ preferences between a uniformly generous unemployment insurance and the current system with asymmetric generosity. We find that Canada’s unusual unemployment insurance system is surprisingly close to what voters would choose in spite of the possibilities of shirking and self-insurance through asset buildup.
相似文献
Christian Zimmermann (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
This paper estimates the impact of a recent expansion in Canadian paid family leave from 25 to 50 weeks on maternal employment
and transfer income. It finds the expansion coincided with increases in transfers to mothers of children age zero to one relative
to mothers of children age three to four, and with decreases in returns to work in the year after birth. These changes were
concentrated among economically advantaged groups of women, defined by marital status, education, and non-wage income. Despite
these changes, there was no evidence of a decrease in returns to work or relative employment for mothers of children age one.
相似文献
Maria HanrattyEmail: |
10.
Since the mid-1980s, New Zealand has experienced extensive economic, social and political reforms. The economic impact of
these changes has been closely monitored and much commented upon. However, the social impacts of the reforms on different
family types are less well understood. This paper outlines a project designed to monitor how the reforms impacted upon specific
family types via the use of indicators of family wellbeing constructed from census data. These indicators show that for a
range of family types, the reforms of the 1980s and 1990s varied in their impact, with single-parent families faring worst.
相似文献
Gerard CotterellEmail: |
11.
Nathanael T. Lauster 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(4):329-351
Familistic and individualistic theories both provide explanations for recent declines in family household formation. Securing access to housing plays a key role in new household formation for both these theories. Familistic theories hypothesize a positive relationship between access to housing and new family household formation. Individualistic theories hypothesize a positive relationship between access to housing and nonfamily household formation. Here I test these hypotheses in Sweden by modeling leaving home for family and nonfamily household formation using the Swedish Family Survey and supplemental housing data. I find significant support for the familistic notion that greater access to housing increases the likelihood of family household formation. I fail to find support for the individualistic theory.
相似文献
Nathanael T. LausterEmail: Phone: +1-765-655-9169 |
12.
Geoffrey L. Wallace 《Journal of Population Research》2009,26(1):73-101
Family caps seek to reduce fertility among welfare recipients by denying additional cash assistance to recipients who have
children while on welfare. A necessary condition for family caps to be an effective policy tool is that welfare recipients
respond to financial incentives in making decisions that affect subsequent fertility outcomes. This paper uses data from the
2001 and 2004 panels of the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to examine whether welfare mothers respond to
the incentive provided by the Aid to Families with Dependent Children/Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (AFDC/TANF) system
in determining whether or not to have a second child. The results show no evidence that family caps have an effect on the
subsequent childbearing of never married women.
相似文献
Geoffrey L. WallaceEmail: |
13.
Joseph J. Sabia 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):111-134
While reducing out-of-wedlock childbearing is a central goal of welfare reform, most policymakers prefer achieving this objective
via a reduction in nonmarital pregnancy rates rather than through an increase in the incidence of abortion. Using aggregate
state-level data from 1984 to 1998, I estimate fixed effects models that allow for autocorrelated and heteroskedastic disturbances
to examine the association between the family cap and nonmarital birth, pregnancy, and abortion rates. I find robust evidence
that the family cap is associated with a reduction in nonmarital birth rates, particularly among black women. This reduction
is driven by a reduction in nonmarital pregnancy rates rather than through an increase in abortion or marriage rates. These
findings suggest that that the stigmatizing effect of the family cap may influence the nonmarital pregnancy decisions of black
women.
相似文献
Joseph J. SabiaEmail: |
14.
James Brumbaugh-Smith Heidi Gross Neil Wollman Bradley Yoder 《Social indicators research》2008,85(3):351-387
The National Index of Violence and Harm (NIVAH) tracks levels of violence and harm in the United States and identifies trends over the study period 1995–2003. NIVAH is comprised
of nineteen variables in the areas of interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional and structural violence and harm as experienced
by people in the U.S. Two composite indexes are formed to describe overall trends in the realms of personal and societal violence.
In addition to describing the Index’s construction and most recent conclusions, various methodological issues and their impacts
on index findings are investigated.
相似文献
James Brumbaugh-SmithEmail: |
15.
Anders Barstad 《Social indicators research》2008,87(1):47-64
Using Norway 1948–2004 as a case, I test whether changes in variables related to social integration can explain changes in
suicide rates. The method is the Box-Jenkins approach to time-series analysis. Different aspects of family integration contribute
significantly to the explanation of Norwegian suicide rates in this period. The estimated effect of separations is stronger
than the effect of divorces, both for men and women, probably because separations are closer in time to the “real” marital
breakup. This difference has not been demonstrated in earlier time-series research. Marriages decrease the suicide rates for
males. The unemployment estimate for men has a negative sign, contributing to fewer suicides. Both increasing alcohol (beer)
consumption and fewer marriages seem to be implicated in the soaring suicide rate for young men since 1970.
相似文献
Anders BarstadEmail: |
16.
There is longstanding evidence that youths raised by single parents are more likely to perform poorly in school and partake
in “deviant” behaviors such as smoking, sex, substance use, and crime. However, there is not widespread agreement as to whether
the timing of the marital disruption differentially impacts youth outcomes. Using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth
and its Young Adult Supplement, we find that an additional 5 years with the biological father decreases the probability of
smoking, drinking, engaging in sexual activity, marijuana use, and conviction by approximately 5.3, 1.2, 3.4, 2.2 and 0.3
percentage points, respectively.
相似文献
Kelly BedardEmail: |
17.
Kristin Anderson Moore Sharon Vandivere Laura Lippman Cameron McPhee Margot Bloch 《Social indicators research》2007,84(3):291-331
This paper uses recent data on U.S. children from the National Survey of America’s Families (NSAF) to create indices that
tally the number of problems or risks that individual children experience. We compare results with those from indices developed
elsewhere that assess the change across sets of population-level indicators. While the two types of indices show similar trends
over time, specific changes, as well as trends, depend on the specific domain of well-being or context examined, highlighting
the importance of the distinction between well-being and context. Children with problems in multiple domains tend to be socio-economically
and demographically disadvantaged compared with other children. We preface this work by providing an overview of the history
of child well-being indicators and distinguish indices of child well-being from indices of the condition of children.
相似文献
Laura LippmanEmail: |
18.
Work-Family Conflict and Working Conditions in Western Europe 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This article explores the influence of working conditions on work-family conflict (WFC) among married/cohabiting employees
across seven European countries. Using data from the European Social Survey, the paper first investigates the role of working
conditions relative to household level characteristics in mediating work-family conflict at the individual level. It then
considers whether perceived conflict is lower in countries with coordinated production regimes and where social policy is
more supportive of combining paid work and care demands. For men the lowest rates of WFC occurred in Denmark, Sweden and Norway,
so for men there was a distinct ‘Nordic’ effect consistent with the welfare and production regime expectations. For women,
we find paradoxically that ‘raw’ levels of work-family conflict are particularly high in France, Denmark and Sweden where
supports for reconciling work and family life are high. Our models show that the high conflict among French women can be explained
by household composition factors and so is due to higher levels of family pressures. Higher levels of conflict among Danish
and Swedish women appear to be associated with their longer hours of work. Work conditions are found to play a larger role
than family characteristics in accounting for work-family conflict, both in the country level models and in the pooled models.
While this partly reflects our focus on the spillover of work into family life, it is notable that family characteristics
have little effect in mediating work pressures. The results suggest that a policy emphasis on improving work conditions is
likely to have major leverage in reducing work-family conflict.
相似文献
Helen RussellEmail: |
19.
Alfonso Miranda 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):67-81
This paper examines how education and family background affect the fertility plans of young individuals in Mexico. Quantile
regression for count data is used for the analysis. Results indicate that education and family structure affect planned fertility
only at the tails of the conditional distribution. Education reduces planned fertility only among women with relatively strong
preferences towards children. An absent father reduces planned fertility mostly at the bottom of the conditional distribution.
相似文献
Alfonso MirandaEmail: |
20.
Sibling similarities and economic inequality in the US 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Bhashkar Mazumder 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):685-701
I use a new methodological approach and larger US samples than previous studies and estimate that the sibling correlation
across a range of economic outcomes is around 0.5. This suggests that half of economic inequality in the US can be attributed
to family and community influences. A comparison with noneconomic outcomes suggests that individual choices rather than a
simple mechanical relationship governs the intergenerational transmission of income. A decomposition of the sibling correlation
suggests that the acquisition of human capital is an important channel through which family background affects future success
but that noncognitive factors also play a role.
相似文献
Bhashkar MazumderEmail: |