中国(上海)自由贸易试验区试行GPA规则的建议

在上海自贸试验区内按照GPA规则开放政府采购市场,一方面可以扩大我国的对外开放,充实上海自贸试验区的内涵;另一方面也可发挥上海自贸区先行先试的"制度试验田"作用,为我国加入GPA后按GPA规则实施政府采购积累经验。对照GPA规则,上海自贸区管理机构实施政府采购,首先必须解决以下问题:现行有关法律在上海自贸区范围内的适用、上海自贸区政府采购体制调整和制度建设、政府采购制度和采购信息公开、政府采购程序与管理、争议申述与解决制度建设及机构设置、对外开放的范围。     

评《赢在自贸区:寻找改革红利时代的财富与机遇》

创建上海自贸试验区,是中央在全面分析国内外发展形势基础上做出的重要制度安排,是本届政府力图打造中国经济"升级版"的重要举措。《赢在自贸区:寻找改革红利时代的财富与机遇》一书,从自贸试验区的设立背景谈起,层层递进,通过国际经验比较,结合中国经济改革和发展的现实困境和难点,解读未来中国自贸区建设的定位与目标;最后,从不同的视角重点阐述自贸区建设将会带来的改革红利和发展机遇。     

上海自贸试验区建设及制度创新研究

中国(上海)自由贸易试验区是我国对标国际高标准贸易规则、深化改革和扩大开放的重大战略举措。经过一年多的探索实践,以负面清单为核心的投资管理制度已经建立,以贸易便利化为重点的贸易监管制度平稳运行,以资本项目可兑换和金融服务业开放为目标的金融创新制度基本确立,以政府职能转变为导向的事中事后监管制度基本形成。在建立与国际投资贸易通行规则相衔接的基本制度框架上,取得了重要的阶段性成果。同时,上海自贸区按照建设具有国际水准、开放度高的自由贸易园区的目标,在政府职能转变、投资管理创新、贸易便利化等方面改革试点经验已经开始在全国复制推广。但上海自贸区在探索深化改革和扩大开放过程中遇到的问题也是层出不穷,为了将问题具体化,本文针对上海自贸区"加快职能转变"中遇到的问题和挑战展开,并据此提出发展建议。     

广东自贸区南沙片区与上海自贸区的开放措施比较研究

自2013年9月上海自贸区成立以来,各项开放措施及相关制度创新方面的改革取得了极大的进步。2014年底成立的广东自贸区南沙片区,担负着依托港澳、服务内地的重任。虽然两个自贸区的地理位置、经济状况和发展定位有所不同,但构建开放型经济新体制的发展目标是一致的。比较研究发现,在投资管理、贸易监管和自然人移动方面,南沙自贸片区的开放水平高于上海自贸区,但在政府行政和金融开放方面与上海仍有一定的差距,税赋制度方面则二者水平相同。因此,南沙自贸片区若在开放制度上赶超上海自贸区,需以香港为师,这将是南沙的制度培育和创新方向。     

国外自贸区土地相关政策综述

中国(上海)自贸试验区需要在土地管理方面做出改革和制度创新,与其他领域形成一个系统的、全方位的改革体系,共同促进自贸区的发展。国外自贸区管理的一条主线,是在既有政策框架而非区域特殊政策基础上,政府充分运用税收、租金和监管政策,配合若干管理创新手段,借助市场这只"无形之手"实现自贸区的优胜劣汰和转型升级。     

中国(上海)自由贸易试验区金融税制创新探讨

我国现行金融税制存在流转税税负偏高、重复征税和税制建设滞后等方面的问题。上海自贸区可以通过借鉴国际金融税制创新的经验,探索有利于自贸区发展的金融税制:构建公平、合理、确定的金融税制;打造富有国际竞争力的金融税制,以扭转上海自贸区成为国际税收"高地"的不利局面;积极探索"分项不分国"的综合限额抵免法;谨慎对待境外投资所得的税收饶让抵免。     

航运中心与城市协调发展的国际经验与上海策略

国际重要的经济中心城市大多同时也是重要的国际航运中心,如中国香港、新加坡、伦敦、纽约、鹿特丹等。＂十二五＂期间,上海处在一个发展的关键时期。＂创新驱动、转型发展＂成为上海建设国际航运中心的迫切要求,因此,处于城市经济转型时期的上海必须建设具有全球航运资源配置能力的国际航运中心,实现上海国际航运中心与上海城市的协调发展。本文结合世界主要国际航运中心的实际,分析国际航运中心与城市协调发展可供借鉴的经验,提出目前上海国际航运中心建设与城市发展之间面临的矛盾与问题,并从集疏运体系和港城一体化角度提出上海国际航运中心与城市实现协调发展的对策建议。     

借鉴美国经验,推进上海自贸区货物状态分类监管

"探索建立货物状态分类监管模式"是《中国(上海)自由贸易试验区总体方案》中明确提出的建设目标之一,其目的在于简化海关监管,使货物快捷、顺畅地进出自贸区,节省物流时间和相关成本。然而,上海自贸区在探索建立货物状态分类监管模式方面至今尚未获得显著突破。为此,可借鉴美国对外贸易区的货物状态管理,结合上海自贸区和我国海关特殊监管区域的实际情况,推进自贸区货物状态分类监管。     

上海自贸区的经验及对天津的启示

中国(上海)自由贸易试验区正式挂牌运行以来,建立了以负面清单管理为核心的投资管理制度、以贸易便利化为重点的贸易监管制度、以资本项目可兑换和金融服务业开放为目标的金融创新制度、以政府职能转变为导向的事中和事后监管制度以及配套政策体系.分析并总结上海自贸区建设中的有关经验与教训,对天津自贸区的建设与启动后的政策制定、模式构建、制度创新等具有重要借鉴意义.     

以融资租赁为突破口,推动中国(上海)自贸试验区跨境资产证券化

当前,上海自贸区在证券化产品二级市场建设、监管协调,外汇、法律与税务制度建设方面存在不足。上海自贸区应以融资租赁为突破口,坚持"先企业资产证券化、后信贷资产证券化","审慎选择、适度扩大"基础资产范围;坚持"先跨境外币资产证券化、后跨境人民币资产证券化",稳步推动人民币国际化;完善监管政策,强化监管协同;完善税收制度,简化审批流程,积极推进区内利率市场化改革,加速境内资本市场对外开放,为区内跨境资产证券化试点营造良好的市场环境。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.