Book notes

Andreoni, Diego, Le coût des accidents du travail et des maladies professionnelles .
Berenstein, Alexandre, L'assurance-vieillesse suisse: Son élaboration et son évolution .
Boudahrain, Abdellah, Droit social marocah: Contribution à l'étude du droit du travail et de la sécurité sociale .
Fragnière, Jean-Pierre (ed.), Dix ans de politique sociale en Suisse: 1975–1985 .
Ricq, Charles (ed.), Droits sociaux et politique sociale en Suisse et en Europe .
Gilliand, Pierre; Schaud, Christine; Stucki, Geneviève, Pensions alimentaires: Pratiques et enjeux .
Hayes, Cheryl D.; Kamerman, Sheila B. (eds.), Children of working parents: Experiences and outcomes .
Laroque, Pierre (ed.), La politique familiale en France depuis 1945 .
Mehrtens, Gerhard; Valentin, Helmut; Schönberger, Alfred, Arbeitsunfall und Berufskrankheit: Rechtliche und medizinische Grundlagen für Gutachter, Sozialverwaltung und Gerichte
Sullerot, Evelyne, Lâge de travailler .
Valterio, Michel, Droit et pratique de l'assurance-invalidité .     

Book notes

Beau, Pascal; Beau, Roger, Lexique de la protection sociale .
Berthoud, Richard, The examination of social security .
Berthoud, Richard, Selective social security: An analysis of the Government's Plan .
Charpy, Christian; de Jouvenal, Hugues, Protection sociale: Trois scénarios contrastés à l'horizon 2000 .
European Institute for Social Security, Annuaire EISS 1982–3: Part I: La sécurité sociale et la crise économique .
Kervasdoué, Jean de; Kimberly, John R.; and Rodwin, Victor G., The end of an illusion .
Lynes, Tony, Paying for pensions: The French experience .
Salais, Robert; Baverez, Nicolas; and Reynaud, Bénédicte, L'invention du chômage .
Swiss National Accident Insurance Fund, Die Arbeit am Bildschirm .     

Book notes

Cooper, Steve, The health benefits .
Dufrane, Jean, Régime fiscal et de sécurité sociale des dirigeants d'organismes d'intérêt public .
Kamerman, Sheila B.; Kahn, Alfred J.; Kingston, Paul, Maternity policies and working women .
Lavoratori migranti e normativa socio-previdenziale Italiana negli anni '80 .     

Book notes

Alber, Jens, Vom Armenhaus zum Wohlfahrsstaat: Analysen zur Entwicklung der Sozialversicherung in Westeuropa .
Bonnet, René, Rèlements européens de sécurité sociale .
Chikin, S. Ya (ed), Sotsializm i zdravookhraneniye. Preblemy zdoroviya i fizicheskogo razvitiya cheloveka .
Dennett, Jane; James, Edward; Room, Graham; Watson, Philippa, Europe against poverty:The European Poverty Programme 1975–80 .
Dorion, Georges; Guionnet, André, La sécurité sociale .
Kerr, Scott, Making ends meet: An investigation into the non-claiming of Supplementary Pensions
Ogus, A. I.; Barendt, E. M., The law of social security .
Rosa, Jean-Jacques (ed.), The world crisis in social security .
Zay, Nicolas, Dictionnaire-manuel de gérontologie sociale .     

Book notes

Brinkman, K.; Schaefer, H. (eds.), Der Elektrounfall .
Denis, Pierre, Droit de la Sécurité sociale .
European Institute for Social Security, EISS Yearbook 1980–1981: Vol. I: Social security reforms in Europe .
Ferge, Zsuzsa, A society in the making: Hungarian social and societal policy 1945–75 .
Klinken, J. van, Pensioenen in Nederland .
Modigliani, Franco; Hemming, Richard (eds), The determinants of national saving and wealth .
Ross, Rosalind Brooke; Zacher, Hans F., Social legislation in the Federal Republic of Germany .
Sérange-Fonterme, Renée, Les disparités sociales de consommation médicale .
Smith, Philippa et al. , Unfit for the pension: A report on the eligibility criteria and administration of invalid pensions .     

Book notes

Institut européen interuniversitaire de l'action sociale, Les jeunes dans la société: Perspectives d'action communautaire .
Köhler, Peter A; Zacher, Hans F. (eds.), Beiträge zu Geschichte und aktueller Situation der Sozialversicherung .
Laroque, Michel, Politiques sociales dans la France contemporaine: Le social face à la crise .
Mitton, Roger; Willmott, Peter; Willmott, Phyllis, Unemployment, poverty and social policy in Europe: A comparative study in Britain, France and Germany .
Munnell, Alicia H., The economics of private pensions .
Verheugen, Pierre, Le dommage corporel et son incidence socio-économique en accidents du travail .     

Book notes

International Labour Office, Into the twenty-first century: The development of social security .
Bekemans, Lóonce (ed.), Social security and employment .
Centre d'étude des revenus et des coats, Comparaison des régimes de séurité sociale: Cotisations et prestations
Hatchnel, G.; Mannouri, P., Les prestations maladie par catégorie de famille and Les retraités et leurs resources.
Fogarty, Michael (ed.), Retirement policy: The next fifty years .
Mach, E. P.; Abel-Smith, B. (eds.), Planning the finances of the health sector: A manual for developing countries .
Novitskii, Anatolii Georgievich; Mil, Galina Vasilievna, Zaniatost pensionerov: Socialno-demografitcheskii aspect .
Wade, Barbara; Sawyer, Lucianne; Bell, Judith, Dependency with dignity: Different care provision for the elderly .     

Death and the social historians: Some recent books in French and English

Philippe Ariés, L'Homme devant la mort (1977), 642 (Editions du Seuil, Paris, 69 fr.)

Pierre Chaunu, La Mort à Paris, XVIe, XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles (1978), 543 (Fayard, Paris)

Robert Favre, La Mort dans la littirature et la pensee françaises au siècle des lumières (1978), 640 (Presses Universitaires de Lyon, Lyon)

Richard Cobb, Death in Paris 1795–1801 (1978), 134 (Oxford University Press, Oxford, £4–95)

David E. Stannard, The Puritan Way of Death, A Study in Religion, Culture and Social Change (1979), x+236 (Oxford University Press, Galaxy Book, Oxford, £2.25 paperback)

Richard Huntington and Peter Metcalf, Celebrations of Death, The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual (1979), XV+230 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £12.50, paperback £4.95)     

Book notes

Brown, Joan C., The disability income system . Brown, Joan C., Family Income Supplement . Brown, Joan C., Children in social security . Ermisch, John, Housing finance: Who gains? Richardson, Ann, Widows' benefits . Centre d'études juridiques européennes, Crise, maintien de l'emploi et partage du travail . Mahon, Pascal, Institutions de sécurité sociale . Saint-Jours, Yves, Traité de la sécurité sociale, Tome 1: Le droit de la sécurité sociale Sendler, Hans, Automation in der Sozialversicherung . Society of Civil and Public Servants and Civil and Public Services Association, From the cradle to the grave . Weale, Albert; Bradshaw, Jonathan; Maynard, Alan; Piachaud, David, Lone mothers, paid work and social security: A study of the Tapered Earnings Disregard .     

Examining Reports and Policies on Cognitive Enhancement: Approaches,Rationale, and Recommendations

The phenomenon of cognitive enhancement is attracting attention in bioethics literature and beyond, in public policy. In response, three bodies—the British Medical Association (BMA); the Commission de l'éthique de la Science et de la technologie (CEST) du Québec; the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)—have produced reports and guidance on this topic. To gain insights into different public policy approaches, rationales, and recommendations on the topic, we analyzed these reports in depth. We found convergence on the definition (with the exception of the CEST) of cognitive enhancement. However, we noted a lack of critical reflection with respect to the underlying rationale for developing these reports, i.e., that cognitive enhancement practices are rampant and represent major social changes. As it currently stands, cognitive enhancement is constituted in a way that challenges the creation of coherent and effective policy recommendations. However, policy makers should not simply wait for definitional consensus and hope that on balance the benefits turn out to be greater than the risks. Some components of cognitive enhancement could be reduced down to clearly identified policy targets to be further examined. Then, if appropriate, policy should be created that is, amongst other criteria, beneficial to the majority of the population.     

Examining reports and policies on cognitive enhancement: approaches, rationale, and recommendations

The phenomenon of cognitive enhancement is attracting attention in bioethics literature and beyond, in public policy. In response, three bodies--the British Medical Association (BMA); the Commission de l'éthique de la Science et de la technologie (CEST) du Québec; the American Academy of Neurology (AAN)--have produced reports and guidance on this topic. To gain insights into different public policy approaches, rationales, and recommendations on the topic, we analyzed these reports in depth. We found convergence on the definition (with the exception of the CEST) of cognitive enhancement. However, we noted a lack of critical reflection with respect to the underlying rationale for developing these reports, i.e., that cognitive enhancement practices are rampant and represent major social changes. As it currently stands, cognitive enhancement is constituted in a way that challenges the creation of coherent and effective policy recommendations. However, policy makers should not simply wait for definitional consensus and hope that on balance the benefits turn out to be greater than the risks. Some components of cognitive enhancement could be reduced down to clearly identified policy targets to be further examined. Then, if appropriate, policy should be created that is, amongst other criteria, beneficial to the majority of the population.     

REVIEWS

Book review in this Articles:
Histoire de l'État providence by François Ewald
Les métamorphoses de la question sociale: Une chronique du salariat by Robert Castel
Positive Child Protection: A View from Abroad by Andrew Cooper, Rachael Hetherington
Payments for Care: A Comparative Overview Edited by Adalbert Evers
Discrimination and Public Policy in Northern Ireland Edited by Robert J. Cormack and Robert D. Osborne     

BOOK NOTES

Isabelle Delaunay-Berdaï. Veuvage, mythes et réalités. Essai sur certains aspects des poltiques sociales en France.
Catherine Mills. Economie de la protection sociale.     

Book Notes

Books reviewed: Delas, Jean‐Jacques; Jacquet, MaïtéLe guide de la retraite 2001 Viossat, Louis‐Charles. Les retraites: enjeux, crise, solutions Börsch‐Supan, Axel; Miegel, Meinhard (eds.). Pension reform in six countries: What can we learn from each other? Minns, Richard. The cold war in welfare: Stock markets versus pensions Charlton, Roger; McKinnon, Roddy (eds.) Pensions in development Hange, Ulrich. Umlagefinanzierte Alterssicherung, Land und Migration Herfeld, Anna‐Maria. Reformansätze zur Alterssicherung in Deutschland und intergenerationelle Gerechtigkeit Belin, Bernard (ed.) Les personnes handicapées vieillissantes Robison, Janice (ed.) Towards a new social compact for care in old age Chiva, Anthony; Stears, David (eds.) Promoting the health of older people: The next step in health generation Kocher, Gerhard; Oggier, Willy (eds.) Système de santé suisse 2001/2002: survol de la situation actuelle Zhou, Huizhong (ed.) The political economy of health care reforms Scott, Claudia. Public and private roles in health care systems: Reform experience in seven OECD countries Harrison, Anthony. Making the right connections: The design and management of health care delivery Barr, Nicholas (ed.).Economic theory and the welfare state: Vol. 1: Theory. Vol. 2: Income transfers. Vol. 3: Benefits in kind Schmähl, Winfried (ed.).Soziale Sicherung zwischen Markt und Staat Baumol, William; Wilson, Charles A. (eds.). Welfare economics Widmer, Dieter. Die Sozialversicherung in der Schweiz Simon, Silvia. Umverteilung in der Sozialversicherung Fragnière, Jean‐Pierre.Politiques socials pour le XXI^e siècle Kennett, Patricia. Comparative social policy: Theory and research France. Cour des Comptes. La sécurité sociale Watson Wyatt Worldwide (Brussels).Benefits report: Western Europe, USA and Canada, 2001 Chow, Nelson W. S. Socialist welfare with Chinese characteristics: The reform of the social security system in China Vielle, Pascale. La sécurité sociale et le coût indirect des responsabilités familiales France. Ministère de l’emploi et de la solidarityé.Plan national d’action français contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale Ballet, Jérôme.L’exclusion: définitions et mécanismes Boissonnat, Jean. La fin du chômage? Hill, Michael (ed.). Income maintenance policy Turner, John A. (ed.). Pay at risk: Compensation and employment risk in the United States and Canada De Koning, Jaap; Mosley, Hugh (eds.).Labour market policy and unemployment: Impact and process evaluations in elected European countries     

BOOK NOTES

Barral, P. Etlenne: Economie de la santé: faits et chiffres.
Falise, Michel, and Sailly, Jean-Claude (eds.), with d'Arvisenet, Philippe, Delfosse, Raymond, and Delattre, Michel: Le rôle de l'assurance maladie dans la redistribution des revenus. Etude effectuée pour le Centre de recherches économiques, sociologiques et de gestion.
Hübbe, Per: Surveys of disability pensioners 4: Applicants for disability pensions. Health and social conditions. The practice of the Invalidity Insurance Court.
ILO: The cost of social security. Ninth international inquiry 1972–1974.
ILO: Older workers: Work and retirement
Kamerman, Shella B., and Kahn, Alfred J.: Family policy: Government and families in fourteen countries.
Mishra, Ramesh: Society and social policy: Theoretical perspectives on welfare.
Paret, H., (ed.): Une meilleure santéà un moindre prix.     

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fournier, Jacques and Questiaux, Nicole, Traité du Social: Situations, Iuttes, politiques, institutions.
Glaser, William A. Health insurance bargaining: Foreign lessons for Americans.
Hochepied, J. et al., Les apports de I'action sociale à I'éonomie.
International Labour Office, Older workers: Work and retirement.
Laby, Suzanne, Les pensions et allocations de vieillesse en France.
Ribas, J. J., Jonczy, M. J., Séché, J. C., Traité de droit social européen.
Sotiroff-Junker, Jacqueline, A bibliography on the behavioural, social and economic aspects of malaria and its control.
Verband Deutscher Rentenversicherungsträger, Gesetze osteuropäischer Staaten über die Rentenversicherung.
Willis, J. R. M., and Hardwick, P. J. W., Tax expenditures in the United Kingdom.     

BOOK NOTES

Bernd von Maydell; Bernd Schulte (eds.). Zukunftsperspektiven des Europäischen Sozialrechts Gerhard Kleinhenz (ed.). Soziale Integration in Europa Lothar F. Neumann; Frank Schulz-Nieswandt (eds.). Sozialpolitik und öffentliche Wirtschaft: In memoriam Theo Thiemeyer Winfried Schmähl; Herbert Rische (eds.). Internation-alisierung von Wirtschaft und Polilik: Handlungsspiel-räume der nationalen Sozialpolitik. M. Cichon; W. Scholz; K. Pal. ILO social budget model. Soziale Sicherung in der internationalen Enhvicklungs-zusammenarbeit: Ein Beratungsmanual. The cost of social security: Fourteenth international inquiry, 1987–1989. Social Security Department, International Labour Office. Wouter van Ginneken. Social security for the informal sector: Issues, options and tasks ahead Bernd von Maydell; Bernd Schulte (eds.). Treatment of third country nationals in the EU and EEA member States in terms of social security law. Blanka Storka. Sozialversicherung in Tschechien: Ein praxisnaher Leitfdden. Pierre Gilliand; Stéphane Rossini. Le budget social de la Suisse. Peter Zweifel; Dario Bonato; Christophe Zaborowski. Soziale Sicherung von morgen: Ein Vorschlag für die Schweiz. Peter Füglistaler-Wasmer; Maurice Pedergana-Fehr. Vision einer sozialen Schweiz: zum Umbau der Sozialpolitik. James Calleja (ed.). Meeting the challenges of ageing populations in the developing world James H. Smallhout. The uncertain retirement: Securing pension promises in a world of risk. Commissariat général du Plan. Perspectives à long terme des retraites. Irene Hoskins (ed.). Combining work and elder care: A challenge for now and the future. Isobel Allen; Elizabeth Perkins (eds.). The future of family care for older people. Ecole nationale d'administration — Promotion René Char (1993–1995). Institut international d'administration publique. Helle Holt; Ivan Thaulow (eds.). Reconciling work and family life: An international perspective on the role of companies. Nadine Boujane. One-parent families in the member States of the European Union Gilles Lamarque. L'exclusion (“Que sais-je?” series, No. 3077). Michael R. Darby (ed.). Reducing poverty in America: Views and approaches. Bernard Enjolras. Le marché providence: aide à domicile, politique sociale et création d'emploi René Baptiste. Le social mérite mieux: comment améliorer la qualityé des prestations sociales