Exposure to science,perspectives on science and religion,and religious commitment in young adulthood

Social scientists know very little about the consequences of exposure to scientific knowledge and holding different perspectives on science and religion for individuals' religious lives. Drawing on secularization and post-secular theories, we develop and test several hypotheses about the relationships among exposure to scientific knowledge, perspectives on religion and science, and religious commitment using panel data from the National Study of Youth and Religion. Our findings indicate that religious faith is strongest among young adults who: (1) accommodate scientific knowledge into their religious perspective, or (2) reject scientific knowledge that directly contradicts their religious beliefs about the origins of the world. Young adults are also more likely to have lower religious commitment when they view science and religion as independent institutions, lending support to secularization ideas about how social differentiation secularizes individuals. We further find that mere exposure to scientific knowledge, in terms of majoring in biology or acknowledging conflict between the teachings of religion and science, is usually not sufficient to undermine religious commitment.     

Selective responsiveness: Online public demands and government responsiveness in authoritarian China

The widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) has reshaped the public sphere in the digital era, making online forums a new channel for political participation. Using big data analytics of full records of citizen-government interactions from 2008 to early 2014 on a nationwide political forum, we find that authoritarian China is considerably responsive to citizens' demands with a rapid growth of response rate; however, government responsiveness is highly selective, conditioning on actors' social identities and the policy domains of their online demands. Results from logistic and duration models suggest that requests which made by local citizens, expressed collectively, focused on the single task issue, and are closely related to economic growth are more likely to be responded to. These strategies adopted by Chinese provincial leaders reveal the scope and selectivity of authoritarian responsiveness.     

经典精读——读书、修身与文化传承

大学应当加大经典精读的教学力度,矫正通史课程重宏观的弊端。经典精读就是在意义追问中学会思考并批判性地审视前贤之观念,追问经文蕴含的圣贤精神、民族特性和普世价值,从而使学生有依据地思考历史文化问题,以此形成理性思辨的能力,养成问题意识和纯正阅读品味。经典中圣贤独立特行蕴含的人文精神可以转化为学生修身的思想源泉,精读经典可以涵养学生品格,培育人文精神。经典中哲人对社会人生的思考带有终极性,是我们今日解决人生问题的宝贵借鉴。经典是民族文化的重要载体,经典之观念阐释随着时代思潮在不断演进,精读经典是了解一个民族文化的最佳途径。     

Reward interventions: A strategy to Erode social inequality?

Decades of research illuminates how status beliefs about socially significant characteristics, like gender, fundamentally alter expectations about individual's competence and worth. This process biases opportunity structures and resource distributions, thereby recreating social inequalities in a self-fulfilling fashion. Many social and organizational policies attempt to reduce inequality by increasing disadvantaged groups' access to valued rewards, such as prestigious alma maters, awards, and valued positions. In addition to meaningfully increasing resources, the status these rewards convey should also theoretically increase the status of the particular people who come to possess them. To know whether inversions to reward structures reduce social inequality, however, we must first demonstrate that the status value of rewards alone is an effective intervention. In an experimental test of interventions to gender status inequality, reward markers with relatively higher or lower status value were consistently or inconsistently associated with the gender of the participants' task partners. Results indicate that rewards intervened in the groups' gendered status hierarchy as participants were more likely to be influenced by their partners' rewards than their gender.     

Verbal Ability and Socioeconomic Success: A Trend Analysis

Along with other recent analyses of American social structure, Herrnstein and Murray'sThe Bell Curveoffers several hypotheses about the increasing centrality of cognitive ability in social stratification during the 20th century. These include growing cognitive sorting in education, occupational standing, and income and—by implication—increasing stratification of children's cognitive ability by their social and economic background. However, Herrnstein and Murray provide scant evidence of growth in cognitive sorting. Using data from the General Social Survey, we test each of these hypotheses using a short verbal ability test which was administered to about 12,500 American adults between 1974 and 1994. While weaknesses of the verbal ability test preclude definitive conclusions, they provide no support whatever for any of the trend hypotheses advanced by Herrnstein and Murray.     

Strength matters: Tie strength as a causal driver of networks’ information benefits

Studies of social networks have often taken the existence of a social tie as a proxy for the transmission of information. However, other studies of social networks in the labor market propose that the likelihood of information transmission might depend on strength of the tie; and that tie strength is a potentially important source of the tie's value. After all, even if job seekers have social ties to those who have valuable job information, the seekers will gain little information benefit when the ties do not actually transmit the information. This paper clarifies the conditions under which social ties might provide information benefits. We use a survey vignette experiment and ask MBA students about their likelihood of relaying job information via strong ties (to friends) or weak ties (to acquaintances), holding constant the structural locations spanned by the tie and job seekers' fit with the job. The results support the claim that strength of tie has a causal effect on the chances of information transmission: potential referrers are more likely to relay job information to their friends than to acquaintances. The larger implication of these findings is that whatever benefits there might be to using weak ties to reach distant non-redundant information during job search, these benefits need to be considered against the likely fact that people connected via weak ties are less likely to actually share information about job opportunities than are people to whom the job seeker is strongly tied.     

基因隐私权与知情权的冲突与协调——以商业保险领域的基因歧视现象为视角

在商业保险领域,保险人为了达到双方信息知晓的对等性而要求知晓被保险人的基因信息,以求更为全面的知情权;被保险人认为基因信息是个人隐私的核心部分,其特殊性要求受到比隐私权更为有利的保护,保险人的基因歧视是对基因隐私权的侵犯,因而极力主张自己的基因隐私权而排斥保险人的知情权。保险人知情权的能动性与被保险人基因隐私权的被动性形成鲜明对比,为此,可采取人格尊严优先保护原则和利益协调原则进行协调,以求找到两者间的平衡点。     

社会多元化转型期隐私权与知情权关系研究

当代中国,社会的思维方式、行为方式、评价模式发生着深刻变化,并具体对隐私权与知情权的发展扩展产生重要影响。今天,隐私权与知情权冲突问题日益突出,冲突本质在于两者在价值与利益问题上的紧张关系,并具体展现为公法领域冲突与私法领域冲突两大方面。为化解权利冲突,应明确人格尊严与自由、社会政治与公共利益的基本冲突协调原则,构建包括认定、确立、调整、评价四个层次的完整冲突协调体系。     

中国记忆与华裔的身份追寻— — 散居认同理论下的《喜福会》释读

中国故事在谭恩美的《喜福会》中扮演着特殊的角色,而以家族叙事为核心的故国书写不仅令家丑外扬,更是揭露了旧式中国的诸多弊端,这让作家备受指责.然而,依据霍尔的族裔散居认同理论,这些故国往事实为谭恩美对家族史的重构,即在对过去的重述中发现、定位个体当下的位置;但她的书写方式说明中国历史、传统文化在华裔族群中的断裂,其叙述亦为主流的权力话语所操控.华裔只能站在美国文化的立场之上“回看”中国,其文化认同受制于族裔历史、社会文化和权力等多重因素,呈现出开放、流变和不确定性等特点.因此,小说里的中国故事生动展现了华裔女性如何在断裂与延续、同一性(即所谓的“中国性”)与差异性之间协商与选择,以寻求文化身份的认同,从而解决其所面临的种族身份和社会身份间的冲突与割裂.     

互联网视角下大学生创业实践模式的探索——以“周先生文玩手作”网店为例

国家为缓解高校毕业生就业压力,明确要求社会各界鼓励和支持大学生自主创业。作为互联网时代成长起来的当代在校大学生,其生活和思维方式已被"网络化",能够深刻认识到大学生创业实践网络平台的诸多优势。从在校大学生创业实践的现状、网络化创业实践平台的思索、"周先生文玩手作"网店运营反思等三个方面进行研究,以期能为在校大学生创业途径的探索,互联网创业意识的培养,创业综合能力的提高提供借鉴和参考,促进大学生以创业为就业,缓解毕业生就业压力。     

当代大学生婚恋观嬗变的原因探究

大学生的婚姻观已趋于多元化。当代大学生的婚恋观、择偶观以及性观念;当代大学生的生活态度及社会原因值得认真研究,并应引起足够的重视,以便更好地预测其将来的生活方式。     

新媒介赋权及其关联效应

近年来,伴随着互联网、智能手机等传播科技出现的新媒介赋权现象渐成研究热点。需要包括新闻传媒在内的各部门各组织共同构建起一个社会支持系统,从外部施加推力促使主体参与进来进行赋权。自我赋权与他者赋权相结合,通过"他助"往往才能更好地"自助",主体才能真正得到权能(感)的增加。应该在一个整体的视角下探索新媒介赋权的作用机制,这既包括新媒介使用与外部社会因素之间的互动过程,又包括行动者在其中的策略选择和行动逻辑,还有这种人、社会、媒介三者之间不断互动所带来的赋权结果。增权只是其中一种可能性,新媒介赋权一方面能促进主体的自主性获得,另一方面也有可能使人的主体性丧失。     

网络环境下的知情权边界

作为当代信息社会的重要人权类型,网络环境下的知情权正日益受到社会公众的普遍关注.网络环境的出现,使得人类社会活动呈现出多元化的发展趋势,权利碰撞和冲突的可能性不断增加,而权利冲突导致了权利边界问题的提出.网络环境下的知情权是有边界的,涉及到国家机密、商业秘密和个人隐私的网络信息都不属于知情权的客体范畴.确认网络环境下的知情权边界,应坚持公共利益优先原则、技术保障原则、权利行使的合法性原则、平衡与协调原则,实现网络环境下的知情权与其他权利利益和社会公共利益的平衡与协调,最大程度地化解权利冲突.     

突发公共卫生事件中患者隐私权保护机制探析

突发公共卫生事件所带来的社会恐慌、焦虑会使公众对于知情权的渴求进一步增大。如何在保障特殊时期公众知情权的前提下维护好患者隐私权从而稳定社会情绪,守护法治社会之基是值得探讨的问题。只有依法应“急”,依法防控,在维护社会公益的基础上充分尊重每一位患者人格隐私之利益,才能驭法治之利器克时局之多艰。     

社会冲突视野下网络群体行为分析

随着互联网的发展,个体行为向群体行为演化的过程发生了根本性的变化.网络个体通过网络进行信息互动交流,从而提高个体参与感与群体感,使得网络个体突破时空限制,实现网络个体冲突参与者在网络社会的聚合.本文从社会冲突理论出发,参考欧文·戈夫曼的仪式互动理论和兰德尔·科林斯的社会冲突模型,在仪式互动理论和社会冲突模型的基础上,给出了社会冲突视野下网络群体行为的形成路径,对网络环境下个体行为向群体行为演化过程做出相应的解释.     

Coalitional affiliation as a missing link between ethnic polarization and well-being: An empirical test from the European Social Survey

Many studies converge in suggesting (a) that ethnic and racial minorities fare worse than host populations in reported well-being and objective measures of health and (b) that ethnic/racial diversity has a negative impact on various measures of social trust and well-being, including in the host or majority population. However, there is much uncertainty about the processes that connect diversity variables with personal outcomes. In this paper, we are particularly interested in different levels of coalitional affiliation, which refers to people’s social allegiances that guide their expectations of social support, in-group strength and cohesion. We operationalize coalitional affiliation as the extent to which people rely on a homogeneous social network, and we measure it with indicators of friendships across ethnic boundaries and frequency of contact with friends. Using multi-level models and data from the European Social Survey (Round 1, 2002–2003) for 19 countries, we demonstrate that coalitional affiliation provides an empirically reliable, as well as theoretically coherent, explanation for various effects of ethnic/racial diversity.     

Identities in flux: Cognitive network activation in times of change

Using a dynamic cognitive model, we experimentally test two competing hypotheses that link identity and cognitive network activation during times of change. On one hand, affirming people’s sense of power might give them confidence to think beyond the densest subsections of their social networks. Alternatively, if such power affirmations conflict with people’s more stable status characteristics, this could create tension, deterring people from considering their networks’ diversity. We test these competing hypotheses experimentally by priming people at varying levels of status with power (high/low) and asking them to report their social networks. We show that confirming identity—not affirming power—cognitively prepares people to broaden their social networks when the world is changing around them. The emotional signature of having a confirmed identity is feeling comfortable and in control, which mediates network activation. We suggest that stable, confirmed identities are the foundation from which people can exhibit greater network responsiveness.     

高校辅导员调解能力提升路径研究

在高校学生管理中,辅导员是预防学生矛盾激化的“第一道防线”,这要求辅导员需要具备较强的调解能力。将从高校学生矛盾冲突的现状出发,挖掘辅导员在调节能力上的不足,剖析人民调解与高校学生管理的内在联系,提出高校辅导员调解能力提升的路径。     

智能社会的计算信息：决策的信息—计算进路

目前，我们正处于机器智能支持和人类智能提高的阶段，因此，将会越来越多地依靠智能计算技术来增强我们的直觉和理解。在这一过程中，个人身上的信息负载不断增加，社会计算技术正在从简单的社会信息交流走向社会智能发展。“信息哲学与智能社会发展”论坛上的一些关于必要理论和方法发展的想法，为理解智慧社会提供了思想资源。在冠状病毒(COVID-19)大流行的过程中，计算/(数据)信息处理和通信技术在全世界范围内通过智能预测支持人类决策方面，发挥了人类历史上前所未有的核心作用，为决策提供了当代计算模型支持。从这场危机中吸取的关于使用智能决策技术的教训，对于用具体的现实世界内容来填补“智能社会”的概念是有价值的。     

论马克思社会冲突理论的时代启示与实践价值

社会冲突的存在具有普遍性,运用马克思社会冲突理论对中国社会现状进行分析,可以解决社会中存在的矛盾与冲突,化消极因素为积极因素,可以说解决社会冲突的基础是发展生产力;解决社会冲突的有效杠杆是利益的调节;解决社会冲突的路径是逐渐进行两极分化的消除。马克思社会冲突理论有利于解决社会领域的冲突,实现社会主义和谐社会的构建。