A client-satisfaction-based model of urban public service delivery organizational effectiveness

This article proposes a model for measuring the performance of urban public service delivery agencies. It also presents the results of the model's application to a case study involving urban housing policy organizations (HPOs) in Cameroon. The model incorporates consumer satisfaction, an obvious indicator of the effectiveness construct that is conspicuously lacking in extant models of organizational effectiveness. By incorporating this indicator, the model is potentially useful to especially city government officials interested in evaluating local public service delivery agencies from the point of view of those they profess to serve, the citizens.     

南通市出生人口性别结构研究

南通市自上世纪 70年代初期开展计划生育工作以来 ,努力构建新型生育文化 ,全市出生人口性别比一直稳定在正常值范围内 ,这是各种主客观原因综合作用的结果。文中总结了南通市在强化行政管理、宣传教育、政策推动、综合治理等方面的基本经验。     

Public marketing: A suggested policy planning paradigm for community development in the city

We are witnessing a profound and long term redirection of federal program strategies in the area of social welfare and economic development from planning and program design at the national level toward a model that places the city at the center of the development process. Community development is becoming an increasingly important methodology in this transfer of authority from the federal to the local level. However, integrating current community development methods into the policy process of local government has not been fully thought out by academicians or practitioners. This paper suggests that a public marketing model based on marketing principles provides a potential framework for incorporating existing community development approaches into a strategy that relates to the current demands on cities for public accountability while providing city officials a rational framework for the value of public goods and services in a current competitive market place for the allocation of resources between public and private consumption.     

农村劳动力跨境就业的影响因素分析——基于河南省濮阳市T村个案研究

随着工业化和城市化的快速发展,农村劳动力向非农产业转移成为必然趋势,在工业化和城市化初期,就地转移和向城市转移是主要转移方式。但是,随着全球化的发展和城市吸纳就业能力的下降,对外劳务输出逐渐成为我国农村劳动力向外转移的＂第三条道路＂。本文以河南省濮阳市的T村为个案,利用劳动力迁移理论,探讨了农业大省农村劳动力跨境就业的影响因素,并以此为基础提出了相关政策建议。     

关注农民工——城市农民工的社会保障问题

伴随着工业化、城市化的快速推进,以及农村经济体制改革和产业结构调整的逐步深化,越来越多的农村剩余劳动力离开土地,更加理性地选择到城镇寻求发展的空间,这是我国现代化进程中的必然要求。本文探讨农民工现状及特点,同时提出相关政策建议。     

Capital investment in neighborhoods: Theories which inform national urban policy in the United States

This article addresses two fundamental issues in the design and implementation of federal urban policies: (i) the shifting priorities of urban policy characterizing urban renewal, the Community Development Act, and recent neighborhood-oriented redevelopment efforts and (ii) the sociological theories which underlie such priorities. The first part of the article traces the shift in priority of national urban policy from an earlier focus on economic redevelopment and housing assistance for the economically disadvantaged to the more recent thrust toward neighborhood rehabilitation, revitalization, and stabilization. The central role of private sector economic involvement in the new urban strategies is discussed and the triage model of urban development is proposed to explain recent urban policy efforts. In the latter part of the article the sociological theories underlying many of the new urban policies are shown to contain inherent contradictions and inadequacies which were largely ignored by policy-makers. The authors conclude that the articulation between these theories of neighborhood dynamics and the present urban policy focus dooms recent programs, once again, to failure.     

人口预测的方法比较——以生态足迹法、灰色模型法及回归分析法为例

人口预测是城乡规划的重要内容之一,本文以陕西省汉中市人口预测为例,运用生态足迹法、灰色模型法及回归分析法,对2015年汉中市总人口进行预测,并针对预测结果进行比较分析,得出：基于生态足迹分析的预测所得汉中人口规模偏大,其原因在于生态足迹分析的本质——环境容量;灰色模型预测所得结果较为保守,其原因在于原始数据序列经累加生成后发展趋势稳定;回归分析预测结果居于二者之间,其原因在于综合多种不同的回归模型,人口变化发展趋势较为灵活。     

基于人口结构的基础教育投资模型构建

研究人口结构与基础教育投资的数量关系对于基础公共教育政策制定具有重要参考意义。首先探讨了纽约、东京及英国等城市与国家的人口结构与基础教育经费投资的关系,找出影响因素并建立基础教育经费支出模型,以此为基础建立适用于北京基础教育经费支出的数学模型,是由基于低生育率、基于高人口密度及基于高人口成长率的三个子模型组成,并提供了参考数据,未来北京市可依据实际人口发展,有选择地使用三个子模型进行基础教育规划。     

煤炭城市特殊就业再就业体系的探索

煤炭城市就业再就业是振兴东北老工业基地、实现资源型城市发展接续产业战略亟待解决的问题。这一突出的矛盾有其历史因素,存在着固有的特殊性。因此,在振兴东北老工业基地战略中,国家应考虑制定特殊的政策和采取特殊的措施来解决煤炭城市的就业再就业难题。     

城市规划中人口规模预测方法使用体系探索

对一些人口预测方法在兰州市和深圳市进行案例应用,通过预测结果的对比分析,初步总结出一套人口预测方法使用体系,仅供城市规划人员参考使用。     

户籍改革新政与务实的城市化新路——以中山市流动人口积分制管理为例

我国长期以来实行以城乡二元结构为基础的户籍制度,随着社会经济的迅速发展,其对加快城乡一体化进程,逐步缩小城乡差距的阻碍作用愈发明显。而且随城市化进程不断加快,现行户籍制度对人口迁移流动的负面影响也逐渐凸显。中山市在全国率先推行流动人口积分制管理,通过积分构建一套新的量化标准作为流动人口享受城市基本公共服务和入户的依据,为打破户籍坚冰提供了一种全新的、务实的路径选择。基于对积分制申请数据统计分析以及对申请人员访谈的基础,对积分制实施情况进行客观总结,对如何进一步推进基本公共服务均等化进行了探讨,并针对实施过程中存在的问题提出了相应的对策建议。     

人口老龄化背景下的推迟退休年龄策略研究

在人口老龄化进程加快的情况下,为改善我国城镇养老金收支均衡状况,有必要对养老金替代率、退休年龄等进行参数改革。利用"五普"数据,对未来50年我国城镇人口老龄化状况进行预测;考察人口老龄化对城镇社会统筹养老金收支均衡的影响;设计推迟退休年龄的几种方案,进行了静态比较分析,并给出了相应的政策建议。     

The impact of family policy expenditure on fertility in western Europe

This article analyzes the impact on fertility of changes in national expenditure for family allowances, maternity- and parental-leave benefits, and childcare subsidies. To do so, I estimate a model for the timing of births using individual-level data from 16 western European countries, supplemented with data on national social expenditure for different family policy programs. The latter allow approximation of the subsidies that households with children receive from such programs. The results show that increased expenditure on family policy programs that help women to combine family and employment-and thus reduce the opportunity cost of children—generates positive fertility responses.     

失衡的消费与生活之重——城市中等收入阶层按揭购房后的生活质量调查

本文从当前社会热．最——住房消费问题进行研究。对城市中等收入阶层按揭购房后生活质量进行大量的调查。在充分掌握第一手资料的基础上采用SPSS软件对数据全面的分析，得出城市中等收入阶层在按揭购房后出现了明显的生活质量的变化——呈下降趋势。阐明问题的重要性并分析问题的原因，再提出具有可行性与较为科学的政策建议。     

Metropolitan school desegregation: Impact on racial integration of neighborhoods in the United States

Research on school desegregation in U.S. cities has focused on the issues of white flight and the potential for racial residential integration of segregated neighborhoods. There is also concern over the effectiveness of a metropolitan desegregation plan for racial integration as against a plan which encompasses only the central city of urban areas. This paper deals with a court-ordered metropolitan school desegregation plan in New Castle County, Delaware. The method used is an examination of 602 small geographic areas (grids); the objective is to examine the extent of residential out-migration of students from the central city and to examine whether there is any tendency toward racial residential integration in the county. Evidence suggests (a) that the central city grids are retaining white students but losing black students and (b) that the level of racial segregation of suburban neighborhoods is not declining.We conclude from preliminary data that with each succeeding year, internal relocation, rather than moves to private school and out-migration from the metropolitan area, will be the major characteristic of student redistribution. If this is the case, the extent to which intra-system relocation results in racially integrated and stable neighborhoods should be a major research and policy focus.     

Mobility and data: cycling the utopian Internet of Things

ABSTRACT

This article explores how cycling is currently considered in European policy documents related to transport aspects of the Internet of Things (IoT), what kind of representation of cycling can be imagined for utopian EC IoT policies documents, and how a combination of empirical policy analysis and a utopian approach could inform future policy and research. Debates around smart/intelligent/data mobilities and the IoT – including policy debates – tend to be dominated by motorized modes such as autonomous and networked cars. This article explores the implications of this for more sustainable and active modes such as cycling, both for current policies and for utopian thinking. It draws on literature concerned with utopian thinking, mobilities studies and critical data studies. The methodology combines a content analysis and a visual analysis of the EC policy documents with creating text and images for utopian future versions of these documents. The results show the heavy automotive focus of EC IoT policy documents and suggest an alternative bicycle-focussed IoT utopia. The conclusion facilitates a debate around utopian societies where smart cycling products, infrastructure, policy and funding facilitate sustainable, active and data-responsible mobility at scale. This challenges the current continuation of automobile cultures in smart mobility and IoT policy discourses, and the data and associated power asymmetries between cars and cycling that highlight the significance of this research.     

Pronatalist population policies in some Western European countries

This article is restricted to a comparison of four Western European countries: France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. As the crude birthrates and total period fertility rates of these countries indicate, a stabilization of fertility has set in in France, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Official government attitudes towards these developments differ greatly, with France having clear pronatalist policy measures, the German Federal Government having only family policy measures, but some member states going further with a policy of family foundation loans. In the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, no official population policy exists, apart from a certain reluctance to accept more foreign immigrants. It must be concluded that the only common characteristic of population policies in the four countries is that they try to enable women to work and care for a family at the same time. The future effect of pronatalist population policy measures is still highly in doubt.This article was originally presented as a paper to the Annual Meeting of the Population Association of America, Washington DC, March 28, 1981.     

泛珠江三角洲经济圈城市职能结构特征与分类研究

以城市的基本活动为出发点，运用因子分析法对泛珠江三角洲经济圈城市职能结构特征进行测度，并基于纳尔逊分类法对经济圈整体的城市职能进行分类。得出以下结论：经济圈以生产性和政策性职能为主，以其作为专业职能的城市数量占总数的比重超过80%，随时间演进，经济圈的生产性、服务性和基础性职能不断强化而政策性职能逐渐减弱；经济圈各产业部门整体的职能强度较低，侧重于多行业共同发展，拥有多种专业职能的城市为经济圈的主体；经济圈城市职能的专业化程度存在明显的空间分异，未来城市职能定位应基于现实职能特征进行调控。     

人口有序管理的国际经验与中国实践——基于流动人口服务管理的视角

本文探讨了发达国家在人口登记管理、信息管理、流动人口调控及社会融合政策等方面的成功经验及植入我国的四大体制障碍——人口信息整合环节断裂、地方财权事权环节断裂、鼓励就业环节断裂、举家迁移环节断裂。基于人口有序管理良性循环的理论框架,论述了发达国家人口有序管理经验对我国流动人口服务管理的启示,即建立"双核心"人口管理信息系统;建立人口有序管理协作机制,突出"成本杠杆"作用;建立居住证制度,实现流动人口渐进式福利供给;改革分税制和转移支付制,实现公共福利均衡供给;建立以"城市功能定位"为导向的公共资源合理配置机制,促进人口与产业有机结合;建立以家庭团聚为重要维度的社会融合机制,体现对"事实移民"的人性关怀。