中国和毛里塔尼亚的经济关系

中国与毛里塔尼亚同属发展中国家,在国际舞台上相互支持,可谓中国与非洲合作关系的成功典范.中毛经济关系是两国合作的基石,主要包括援助、互利合作与贸易三个层面.这三个层面密切相连,互相促进,有力地推动了新世纪两国关系的健康发展.     

中国与伊斯兰大国的全球经济治理合作

"一带一路"倡议蕴含着丰富的全球经济治理内涵。伊斯兰大国是"一带一路"的战略支点国家和中国参与沿线地区经济治理的重要合作伙伴,也是中国参与全球经济治理新生的战略依托,中国与伊斯兰大国加强全球经济治理合作具有坚实的双边关系、利益交汇与合作机制基础。中国应将伊斯兰大国作为参与全球经济治理的重要合作对象,在现有机制之外开辟新的全球经济治理合作机制,结合各自优势与需求重点从一个区域、三个层面、八个方面构建治理合作机制,提升合作水平。在"一带一路"框架下,双方全球经济治理合作应以沿线地区为重点,以能源、贸易、基础设施与发展等议题为突破口,以新型伙伴关系与渐进式实践提升治理实效。     

中国传统社会的皇权与精耕农业

本文从皇帝个人专制国家与精耕农业的关系着手,运用中国历史的实证资料,通过劳动力与土地资源的配置、治水与救荒三个问题的分析,指出皇帝专制国家是中国传统精耕农业得以运作的平衡机制。这一平衡机制主要在精耕农业的两个层面,即生产力的层面与生产关系的层面发生作用,由此说明皇帝专制国家对精耕农业的干预具有全面性、广泛性及深刻性的特点。     

基于合作原则违反的《甄嬛传》会话含义分析

以合作原则为理论框架,以典型后宫体电视剧《甄嬛传》为语料,探究该理论原则下量的准则、质的准则、关系准则和方式准则在该剧中被单独违反和多重违反的现象,以及产生的言外之意和非文本表达效果,并从两个层面分析该违反行为背后的原因:剧本构建层面,合作原则的违反利于保障故事情节有序进行,环环相扣;文化解释层面,合作原则的违反利于体现中国委婉含蓄的说话艺术,突显中西表达文化的差异。     

关于社会结构的问题——兼论中国传统社会的特征

一、理解社会结构的三个层面 什么是社会结构?概括地说,我们可以下这样的定义:社会结构就是社会诸要素及其相互关系按照一定的秩序所构成的相对稳定的网络。对于这个定义,我们可以从三个层面上来理解。这三个层面是要素构成形式的层面、规范体系的层面和关系网络的层面。根据这三个理解层面,我们可以划分出实体性社会结构、规范性社会结构和关系性社会结构。     

推进校企深度融合的实践与成效

淮阴卫生高等职业技术学校坚持校企合作,走工学结合之路,通过三项基础完善合作体系、三个层面创新合作模式、三方共赢拓展合作效能,有力推进校企深度融合,取得阶段性成果,彰显了职业学校培养人才和服务社会的功能。     

美国与沙特准联盟外交的理论与实证研究

二战结束以来,美国与沙特特殊关系的构建主要依靠准联盟外交,这类外交具有合作载体的非正式性、解决任务的选择性、合作手段的灵活性和战略指向的模糊性等特点.美沙准联盟外交的形成具有国际层面、国家层面和单元内部层面三重原因,双方的安全共同体和利益共同体意识强化了准联盟外交."9·11"事件后,美国在海湾地区由依靠沙特转向依靠海合会其他成员,其准联盟外交战略呈现多元化趋势;沙特则积极利用欧盟、俄罗斯、中国和印度等来平衡美国的影响力.美沙各自外交战略的调整使美沙准联盟暗藏危机.     

美国与沙特准联盟外交的理论与实证研究

二战结束以来，美国与沙特特殊关系的构建主要依靠准联盟外交，这类外交具有合作载体的非正式性、解决任务的选择性、合作手段的灵活性和战略指向的模糊性等特点。美沙准联盟外交的形成具有国际层面、国家层面和单元内部层面三重原因，双方的安全共同体和利益共同体意识强化了准联盟外交。“9·11”事件后，美国在海湾地区由依靠沙特转向依靠海合会其他成员，其准联盟外交战略呈现多元化趋势；沙特则积极利用欧盟、俄罗斯、中国和印度等来平衡美国的影响力。美沙各自外交战略的调整使美沙准联盟暗藏危机。     

中西马哲学价值信念对话

中国哲学、西方哲学以及马克思主义哲学都是哲学形态的表现形式,这三个哲学形态的关系并不是单纯的同一层面的并列关系,它们三者都处在一个横向层面,三种哲学形态之间存在着一种互补的联系。不管什么时期的哲学论证,都是从公共性的起点出发进行思考。因此,不管是那种哲学形式,我们都要站在一个理性的立场上去辨别它的合理方面,这对于当下我们社会的哲学主流思想的确立有着重要意义[1]。不论是在哲学精神还是哲学方法这些方面的进步都有助于我国哲学创新的推进。三者价值信念层面的对话都是以当今社会的创新、科学、文明发展为主旨,希望以生态公共性为起点,以生态正义为主流,在全世界形成一种"共生"的思想观念,大力畅行正义公共性,将"合作与共享"的价值观念发扬下去,提倡一种理性、共在的观念,为哲学未来的发展创新寻找新的突破点。[1]     

整体对接:论中国与沙特全面战略伙伴关系

沙特油气资源丰富,具有资金和区位优势;中国人力资源丰富,具有技术和市场优势。中国与沙特建交30年来,两国超越意识形态差异,经历了能源合作伙伴、战略性友好伙伴和全面战略伙伴三个阶段,形成相互依存的整体合作关系。中国"一带一路"倡议与沙特"2030愿景"目标契合,两国合作受第四次工业革命、中东地缘政治剧烈变动和中沙优势互补等因素影响,具有顶层设计、全球布局、机制对接和多维合作的特点。展望未来,中沙关系的发展需处理好"中国—美国—沙特"大三角和"中国—伊朗—沙特"小三角的关系,统筹旧平台与新机制,加强中沙治国理政经验的交流。中沙整体合作促进了东亚与西亚的互联互通,有助于亚洲大国探索符合各自国情的现代化道路,进而增强亚洲共同体意识。     

Politique et expertise scientifique. La régulation européenne des médicaments

A study of the EU system for regulating medicinal products is used to show the usefulness of distinguishing between policy-making and scientific expertise when analyzing political decision-making. This approach presupposes identifying the characteristics of scientific expertise. The experts responsible for assessing drugs have to combine knowledge and action. Questions are raised about how work is shared between decision-makers and experts. In the case of medicinal products, the work of experts has absorbed decision-making. Lest we waver between explanations in terms either of science or else of politics, it is necessary to substantively identify expertise’s political dimensions. Two conceptions — the “healthy man’s” and the “sick man’s” — of the purpose of assessing medicinal products stand out in debates; but political authorities pay no heed to them.     

The electronic face of government in the internet age: borrowing from Murray Edelman

The issue of legitimation by political elites has been a central concern of political scientists for many years. This article draws upon the work of Murray Edelman who was instrumental in analysing this relationship between rulers and ruled, the relatively powerful and relatively powerless, through an understanding of language, symbolism and the manipulation of information. It concludes with the contention that the Internet offers the prospect for governments to create new 'electronic faces', which act to support a symbolic architecture of power.     

WHAT IS THE MULTITUDE?

Nicholas Brown and Imre Szeman continue their conversation with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. (See ‘The Global Coliseum: On Empire’ in Cultural Studies, 16.2, (March 2002), p. 177–192). In this new interview they press the authors of Empire and Multitude on questions that have arisen both out of their own involvement with the theoretical issues generated by Empire and from new areas opened up by Multitude. Why is the multitude not a class? How can the unity of a political project be maintained in the multiplicity of the multitude? Is democracy still a project for the future? Can a political subject constitute itself outside the structure of sovereignty? In other words, what is the multitude?     

DEFINING MOMENTS: THE TENSION BETWEEN RICHNESS AND REACH

The defining moments of traditional spatially based higher education are made up of fixed and fluid experiences. These 'moments' are now creaking as funding per student falls and the romanticized ideal of an education detached from 'real' life falters under the weight of highly variable student experiences. Distance learning in all its guises has always been regarded as inferior by those embedded in the traditional system. However more and more students demand something different from costly campus-based education. It is time for a more open discussion about the tensions between richness and reach and the role that new facilities like the Internet could play in reaching more students without wallowing in the nostalgia that often accompanies such debates.     

A Stylistic Analysis of Hemingway’s A Clean,Well-Lighted Place

One important theme of Hemingway＇s A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is the nothingness of life itself, At the beginning of this short story, Hemingway presents a setting--the cafe, which is familiar to us, and then moves our attention to focus on the characters within that setting, The story is told through the dialogues between the two waiters and is in third-person narration, In the following paragraphs we will focus on stylistic characteristics of this short story,     

INFORMATION-CENTRED DESIGN: A methodology for designing virtual meeting DESIGN environments

Development of single-user computer applications has often been based on user-centred or task-centred design methodologies, with some success. These methodologies are also useful for guiding the development of multi-user CSCW applications whenever the basic characteristics of the users, or the type of tasks for which the system is being designed are identifiable. The effectiveness of these methodologies as a basis for the design of virtual meeting environments for supporting community-based activities, on the other hand, is rather limited. This is mainly due to the fact that for such systems it is not generally possible to identify the user or task requirements, as these vary considerably from one community to another, or even within the same community over a period of time. New methodologies need to be devised, or existing methodologies have to be modified, to direct the development of virtual environments for which the characteristics of the users or their activities are not known in advance. This paper introduces the concept of information-centred design. Information-centred design, though not fully devised yet, focuses on the identification of the type of information, as well as the way it is collected and utilized by the users of a virtual meeting environment. This pool of information, which plays an important role in facilitating interaction and communication between the members of a community, could be defined as their communal memory.     

Recruitment of foreign male and female fighters to Jihad: Morocco’s multifaceted counter-terror strategy

Field research on ‘young Moroccan Jihadists in Syria and Iraq from northern Morocco’ unexpectedly revealed the mundane factors behind their recruitment represented in the self-realization and the search for heroism, adventure and money, were the main reasons for the recruitment of young people in northern Morocco terrorist organizations, especially the Daesh. The religious factor is secondary. To combat terrorism and extremism which is spreading in the MENA region requires political will. Appropriate laws should be enacted as soon as possible and policies must be implemented to ensure border control, the closure of financing ports, propaganda platforms, anti-addiction, etc.     

L’adaptation des modèles de production dans les pays émergents L’exemple de l’industrie automobile en Argentine

How to test for the existence of a new model of production based on the firm lending an ear to customer demands and valuing the individual and collective intelligence of its work force? The facts for putting this model to the test of reality come from an analysis of two Argentinean automobile-makers, subsidiaries of Toyota and Volkswagen. Various aspects of their organization policy provide evidence of their capacity for making adaptations by “hybridizing” the parent firm’s model with the rationales inherent in the network of local actors (suppliers and labor unions, in particular). These firms are open systems with a narrow margin of maneuver. — Special issue: Latin America.     

Celebrating the 21st anniversary of empowerment evaluation with our critical friends

This special topic edition of E&PP presents the insights of luminaries in the field who have helped shape empowerment evaluation with their critiques, concerns, and congratulations. We celebrate their contributions to empowerment evaluation. This special topic edition of E&PP presents their comments about an evaluation approach that, according to president Stewart Donaldson, has “gone viral” across the globe (Donaldson, 2015).To set the stage for these critical friends’ comments, additional context for their discussion is provided. In addition, this special topic edition concludes with a brief comment on their thoughts.     

The Politics of Pain and the End of Empire

This article is a discussion of the role of feeling and emotion, and particularly the experience of pain, in contemporary global political events. In placing pain at the center of an analysis of a lived experience of global politics, the aim is to forge strategies to resist neoliberal imperialism and to create emotionally literate political communities. Drawing on the work of Elaine Scarry, Sara Ahmed and Frantz Fanon, the article situates the concept of emotions in a modern colonial landscape that is both racialized and gendered, complicated by neoliberalism as a subjectivity that contains the scope for emotions. As a case study, the article considers the emotions of viewing the deliberate infliction of pain through the circulation of the ‘Abu Ghraib photos’, particularly in the form of recent museum exhibitions in the USA.