宗教传统与历史情境中的德鲁兹派认同建构

德鲁兹派由什叶派伊斯玛仪支派演变而来,其信仰体系与宗教实践继承了中古时期伊斯兰宗教文化的丰富遗产。从中古至现代,逊尼派统治集团和宗教学者发布了大量针对德鲁兹派的敌意性宗教裁决,其部分原因是二者间的宗教文化差异与社会隔阂,而更为深刻的根源在于特定历史时期复杂的政治因素。进入现代以来,以沙基卜·艾尔斯兰、苏尔坦·艾特拉什、卡迈勒·琼布拉特为代表的德鲁兹派精英多次主动调整、重塑社群的自我认同,以适应因政治、社会、文化转型而带来的挑战。尽管德鲁兹精英的尝试未能克服教派面临的政治和社会困境,但从宗教、文化角度来看,这些尝试为根除中东地区教派主义的痼疾提供了重要启示。     

当代埃及什叶派问题的形成及政治化演进

什叶派穆斯林是当代埃及社会的一个宗教少数群体。当代埃及的什叶派问题发轫于萨达特执政末期,并在穆巴拉克政权时期升级为严重的政治和安全问题。中东剧变爆发后,埃及什叶派因公开提出政治和宗教权利诉求,导致其公开活动的空间进一步受到压缩。埃及什叶派问题的形成与恶化是内外诸多因素联动的结果,其中埃及国内政治、伊朗和沙特在地区的教派政治角力等构成了主要的内部和外部因素。埃及什叶派问题未来能否得到解决,主要取决于其宗教少数派地位能否得到宪法认可、政治参与能否获得政府信任以及国内教派矛盾能否实现和解三个方面。     

巴勒斯坦非政府组织:类别与功能

20世纪六十年代以来,巴勒斯坦非政府组织得到很大发展并且日渐成熟.它们不仅在巴勒斯坦的社会和经济发展中扮演重要角色,而且在巴勒斯坦建国.巴民主进程以及巴以和平进程中都发挥着重要作用.在特殊的政治和社会环境下,巴非政府组织面临一系列挑战.但在推动国内政治和解以及巴以和平的进程中,巴非政府组织必须而且也有可能发挥更加积极和重要的作用.     

巴勒斯坦非政府组织：类别与功能

20世纪六十年代以来,巴勒斯坦非政府组织得到很大发展并且日渐成熟。它们不仅在巴勒斯坦的社会和经济发展中扮演重要角色,而且在巴勒斯坦建国、巴民主进程以及巴以和平进程中都发挥着重要作用。在特殊的政治和社会环境下,巴非政府组织面临一系列挑战。但在推动国内政治和解以及巴以和平的进程中,巴非政府组织必须而且也有可能发挥更加积极和重要的作用。     

土耳其政党制度与国家能力的建构

土耳其近百年的政党政治演变和国家能力建构有着深刻的联系.凯末尔时期,共和人民党作为国家统治的合法性工具,奠定了凯末尔个人威权统治的基础,但激进的改革难以向建立传统伊斯兰秩序的农村渗透,使政党难以吸纳边缘性社会力量,进而导致国家与社会分离.1946年,土耳其启动民主化进程,多党制的实行扩大了国内的政治参与并推动了民主化进程.脆弱的政党体制所形成的文官政府与军人政府的交替执政,使政党藉此增强了对社会力量的吸纳与整合.2002年,正义与发展党上台,在以文官为核心的政党治理体系中,国家与社会、宗教与世俗的"中心—边缘"模式关系得以弥合,政治权力体系得以重构.土耳其政党的政治再建构能力表明,政党政治的发展深刻影响着土耳其政治多元化和政治制度民主化的走向与国家能力建构.     

流动人口心理层面的社会融入和身份认同问题研究

在我国城市化进程加快的背景下,大量人口从农村涌向城市,从中西部地区流入东部发达地区。在这一过程中,外来人口通过与本地居民互动,形成对自己社会身份的认同,而这一认同又会对外来人口的社会行为产生相应的影响。本文通过对外来人口是否认同其属于本地居民身份,藉以研究外来人口在居住地心理层面的社会融入问题。在建立多层次广义线性模型(GHLM)基础上,本文对制度排斥、社会歧视、相对剥夺感和社区融合等因素对外来人口社会融入的影响进行了讨论,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

“社会认同的理论与经验研究”工作坊召开研讨会

2005年5月17日至18日,中国社会科学院社会学所社会心理学室主办了“社会认同的理论与经验研究”工作坊,16位学者和学术期刊编辑与会。社会认同理论(socialidentity theory)是战后欧洲社会心理学家对世界社会心理学做出的最有意义的理论贡献,并被用于解释欧洲一体化进程中国家、民族、宗教、语言的心理认同问题,对于欧共体及欧洲各国制定政策产生了非常显著的效果,从而使这一理论在政治、经济、军事、外交、文化交流、宗教、组织行为、民族等领域具有较强的应用价值。20世纪70年代初,在经历了战后重建的过程之后,欧陆社会心理学在欧洲独特的…     

大学生宗教信仰问题的马克思主义社会观分析

受改革开放后"宗教热"的影响,大学生出现信仰宗教现象,并且呈现逐年增多的态势。当代大学生有什么样的信仰,以及信仰的程度,不仅关系到大学生自身的成才成功,而且关系到马克思主义的指导地位和社会主义的兴亡成败。因此,引导大学生建立正确的理想信念就显得极其重要。结合马克思主义社会观的相关知识,探寻这种宗教现象的起因,并就高校思想政治教育提出切实可行的建议,特别是要教育广大青年学生正确认识社会主义条件下的宗教现象,引导他们坚持共产主义信仰。     

对大学生信仰教育问题的再思考

意识形态教育是大学教育的重要功能,在社会转型期的历史背景下,在特色文化传统和政治风貌的现实情境中,我国大学生的信仰问题既具有普遍性又存在特殊性,信仰教育显得尤为必要和紧迫。通过对信仰教育内涵和价值的诠释,提出大学生信仰教育的实施建议,将信仰教育的内容与实践相结合,建立多元化的教学评价体系,以确保信仰教育的实效性。     

社会学视野下大学生基督教团契的运行现状

大学生基督教团契是高校中持有基督教信仰的大学生团聚敬拜的一种组织形式,其运行现状以及团契成员信仰状况值得深入探究。从社会学视角对C市H大学生基督教团契中成员的政治观念与宗教信仰状况进行个案分析,发现其成员政治意识较为淡薄,个人选择、组织认同以及同辈群体是影响成员宗教信仰的三大显著因素。因此,应从建立正确的组织认同、发挥同辈群体的积极作用以及树立正确的宗教观三方面来认识和处理大学生社会化过程中遇到的宗教信仰方面的问题。     

Beyond essentialism: negotiating Alevi identity in urban Turkey

In Turkey, the Alevi cultural ‘revival’ of the 1990s has been followed by a multifaceted identity-formation process that involves conflicting religio-cultural agendas, intersecting discourses and differing politico-ideological affiliations. Lacking a focus, this process continues to trigger an enriching public debate on Alevi identity, which has been coined an ‘enigma’ and is considered to be associated with ‘ambiguity’ and ‘ambivalence’ by many. What lies beneath the veil of ambiguity has to do with the ‘anti-essentialist’ transformation of Alevism, which reaches beyond religious, cultural and political orthodoxies. As a result of diverse political loyalties, contestation of discourses on Alevi culture and identity and the equivocal character of the Alevi subject, the Alevis seem to be resisting essentialism. In urban Turkey, an anti-essentialist discourse potentially influencing Alevism, I argue, enables the Alevi self to act with a sense of reflexivity and to search for ways to avoid political, cultural or religious orthodoxies.     

Ideological or religious? Contending visions on the future of Alevi identity

Establishing a coherent collective identity within the modern urban context among people who have different ideological, social and religious orientations, and social and economic backgrounds, is an ongoing struggle within the Alevi community in Turkey. This study tries to understand how alternative positions on Alevi identity dynamically construct the boundaries, moral contents and the new shape of Alevi identity in modern urban contexts through use of various discursive resources. At least two main contending ‘positions’ on Alevi identity try to institutionalise Alevi identity in modern urban contexts, which are ‘Ideological Position’ and ‘Religious Position’. Those discourse positions constitute different visions about the past and the future of the Alevi community as well as the cultural and the political boundaries of Alevi identity. More importantly, those positions resonate in ordinary citizens’ life stories as well as group narratives. This study utilises the analytical frame of ‘positioning theory’ to shed light on the complexities of identity negotiation.     

Cosmopolitanism and the relevance of ‘zombie concepts’: the case of anomic suicide amongst Alevi Kurd youth

Against Beck's claims that conventional sociological concepts and categories are zombie categories, this paper argues that Durkheim's theoretical framework in which suicide is a symptom of an anomic state of society can help us understand the diversity of trajectories that transnational migrants follow and that shape their suicide rates within a cosmopolitan society. Drawing on ethnographic data collected on eight suicides and three attempted suicide cases of second‐generation male Alevi Kurdish migrants living in London, this article explains the impact of segmented assimilation/adaptation trajectories on the incidence of suicide and how their membership of a ‘new rainbow underclass’, as a manifestation of cosmopolitan society, is itself an anomic social position with a lack of integration and regulation.     

Politique et expertise scientifique. La régulation européenne des médicaments

A study of the EU system for regulating medicinal products is used to show the usefulness of distinguishing between policy-making and scientific expertise when analyzing political decision-making. This approach presupposes identifying the characteristics of scientific expertise. The experts responsible for assessing drugs have to combine knowledge and action. Questions are raised about how work is shared between decision-makers and experts. In the case of medicinal products, the work of experts has absorbed decision-making. Lest we waver between explanations in terms either of science or else of politics, it is necessary to substantively identify expertise’s political dimensions. Two conceptions — the “healthy man’s” and the “sick man’s” — of the purpose of assessing medicinal products stand out in debates; but political authorities pay no heed to them.     

The electronic face of government in the internet age: borrowing from Murray Edelman

The issue of legitimation by political elites has been a central concern of political scientists for many years. This article draws upon the work of Murray Edelman who was instrumental in analysing this relationship between rulers and ruled, the relatively powerful and relatively powerless, through an understanding of language, symbolism and the manipulation of information. It concludes with the contention that the Internet offers the prospect for governments to create new 'electronic faces', which act to support a symbolic architecture of power.     

Wedding the dragon: The powerful feminine as seen in Jewish women’s dreams

Abstract

This article addresses the theological and liturgical problem of incorporating mythic traditions of the divine feminine into contemporary practice, given the typically essentialist nature of these traditions. The article considers the dream practice of a Jewish women’s learning community, the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute, and applies this practice to several “dragon dreams” in which dragons appear as powerful, erotic, sacred figures that “queer” the divine feminine by offering a norm-upending vision of what the feminine is and does. These dragon dreams provide a powerful alternative to traditional Jewish images of the female dragon in which the dragon represents the demonic feminine. I suggest that dreams can offer a “queering” of mythic images of the sacred feminine because they contain images that have mythic depth but also upend norms and expectations. The article then explores how these dragon images have made their way into the liturgy and theology of the Kohenet Hebrew Priestess Institute.     

Un atelier d’écriture internationale : l’OCDE au travail. Éléments de sociologie de la forme « rapport »

The writing of a “transversal” report on employment at the OECD is examined by focusing not on the finished product but, instead, on the drafting of the report. This approach allows for exploring the dynamics of power at work inside the OECD. It opens toward broader considerations about how this type of international organization produces knowledge in economics and weaves relations, throughout the long process of drafting the report, with those who requested it. This article analyzes how economic issues are assembled through a succession of intermediate studies and reshaped through an asymmetrical competition between services. By making visible the process of constructing the position of “institutional author”, this analysis repositions on new grounds the problem of “influence”, which usually arises in organizations of this sort.     

WHAT IS THE MULTITUDE?

Nicholas Brown and Imre Szeman continue their conversation with Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri. (See ‘The Global Coliseum: On Empire’ in Cultural Studies, 16.2, (March 2002), p. 177–192). In this new interview they press the authors of Empire and Multitude on questions that have arisen both out of their own involvement with the theoretical issues generated by Empire and from new areas opened up by Multitude. Why is the multitude not a class? How can the unity of a political project be maintained in the multiplicity of the multitude? Is democracy still a project for the future? Can a political subject constitute itself outside the structure of sovereignty? In other words, what is the multitude?     

DEFINING MOMENTS: THE TENSION BETWEEN RICHNESS AND REACH

The defining moments of traditional spatially based higher education are made up of fixed and fluid experiences. These 'moments' are now creaking as funding per student falls and the romanticized ideal of an education detached from 'real' life falters under the weight of highly variable student experiences. Distance learning in all its guises has always been regarded as inferior by those embedded in the traditional system. However more and more students demand something different from costly campus-based education. It is time for a more open discussion about the tensions between richness and reach and the role that new facilities like the Internet could play in reaching more students without wallowing in the nostalgia that often accompanies such debates.     

A Stylistic Analysis of Hemingway’s A Clean,Well-Lighted Place

One important theme of Hemingway＇s A Clean, Well-Lighted Place is the nothingness of life itself, At the beginning of this short story, Hemingway presents a setting--the cafe, which is familiar to us, and then moves our attention to focus on the characters within that setting, The story is told through the dialogues between the two waiters and is in third-person narration, In the following paragraphs we will focus on stylistic characteristics of this short story,