Entry to Marriage and Cohabitation in Russia, 1985–2000: Trends,Correlates, and Implications for the Second Demographic Transition

Recent decades have witnessed declining marriage rates and increasing cohabitation in Russia. Are these trends short-term responses to the economic and political crises accompanying the collapse of the Soviet Union in late 1991 or do they represent a longer-term shift driven by ideational changes like those shaping the “second demographic transition” in many developed countries since the 1960s? Our analyses of individual-level rates of entry to first marriage and cohabitation using 3,510 marital histories spanning 1985–2000 from the Survey of Stratification and Migration Dynamics in Russia show that the precise timing of these trends, the patterns of association between marriage and cohabitation rates and individual and contextual covariates, and the relationship between cohabitation and marriage entry mostly confirm the “transition” perspective. However, although Russia’s retreat from marriage, an especially radical departure from historically predominant patterns, involves ideational changes, the mechanisms driving these changes in Russia differ from those identified in accounts of the second demographic transition in other countries.     

论我国非婚同居规制方式的立法选择——从比较法视角

各国对非婚同居的规制方式主要有三种,即作为婚姻的规制方式、作为事实状态的规制方式和作为独立制度的规制方式。我国立法应对非婚同居作出明确规定,对其予以客观中立的规制。具体而言,对于当事人具有结婚合意且符合结婚实质要件的非婚同居,作为事实婚姻加以保护;对虽不符合事实婚姻构成要件,但具有一定稳定性的非婚同居,作为事实状态予以规制;当社会现实迫切需要时,设立专门的家庭伴侣制度。     

Italy’s Non-Negligible Cohabitational Unions

Italy has long been regarded as the country with negligible non-marital cohabitation par excellence, but lately the pattern has begun to change and entry into consensual unions has increased strongly in younger Italian generations. This article is devoted to a study of such features between 1980 and 2003 based on the data from the Italian variant of the Gender and Generations Survey, Round 1. We consider entry into marriage and entry into cohabitation as competing risks and show how the incidence of cohabitation consistently much lower but has increased by some 70% over the 20-odd years of our study, while the marriage rate has dropped by almost as much. We find great variation across major regions of the country. The rise in cohabitation is confined to Northern and Central Italy, while the risk of marriage formation has declined strongly all over the country. Unlike previous investigations, our data suggest that non-marital cohabitation may be taking over whatever minor role civil marriage has had in Italian union formation.     

Serial Cohabitation among Men in Britain: Does Work History Matter?

This article asks three research questions: Do serially cohabiting men form a selected group via their work histories? Are serial cohabitors less likely to marry but more likely to separate than single-instance cohabitors? If so, what part is played by features of their work histories in explaining these outcomes? The analyses are based on two British birth cohort studies relating to men born in 1958 (N?=?7,333) and 1970 (N?=?6,126). I find that serial cohabitors are less likely to marry but are more likely to separate. Although serial cohabitors do form a selected group via their work histories, the negative effect of serial cohabitation on marriage and the positive effect of serial cohabitation on separation remain significant and strong even after I control for cohabitors’ before-cohabitation and within-cohabitation work histories. It appears that the experience of serial cohabitation itself that affects the attitudes of men towards marriage.     

Understanding Diversity in the Meaning of Cohabitation Across Europe

This study investigates the diversity in the meanings attached to cohabitation across Europe. Utilizing a sample of 9,113 cohabiters between ages 18 and 79 from 10 European countries that participated in the Generations and Gender Surveys, we develop a typology of different meanings of cohabitation and study their prevalence across and within countries. Based on answers to questions about marriage intentions, marriage attitudes and feelings of economic deprivation, six types of cohabiters are distinguished. Cohabiters in some of these types mainly view cohabitation as a stage in the marriage process (i.e. a prelude to marriage, a trial marriage, cohabitation for economic reasons, intend to marry, despite an unfavourable attitude towards the institution of marriage), whereas other cohabiters mainly view it as an alternative to marriage (i.e. refusal of marriage, marriage is irrelevant). Results suggest that cohabiters constitute a heterogeneous group. For many, marriage is important and cohabitation serves as a period preceding marriage. Cohabitation as an alternative to marriage is more prevalent in Western and Northern Europe, where cohabitation rates are high. The group of cohabiters who intend to marry despite an unfavourable attitude towards the institution of marriage is particularly large in Central and Eastern European countries, where cohabitation is less widespread.     

北朝元氏与勋臣八姓婚姻研究

勋臣八姓是平城时期元氏最主要的婚配对象,其中穆氏子弟所占比例要大大高于其他部族子弟,是元氏最固定的婚姻群体。元氏与勋臣八姓的婚姻也是可以达到民族融合的,而这种融合和迁都后相比是隐性的和有限的。这些婚姻带有浓郁的政治色彩。     

吉尔吉斯斯坦政治稳定的政治文化解读

吉尔吉斯斯坦自独立以来出现的民众对国家认同的传统政治文化的缺失,对于现代政治文化的脆弱、部族主义政治文化的坐大以及植入政治文化的＂感召＂,构成吉政治文化的＂碎片化＂状态,共同催生了近20年的政治动荡。文章通过对吉政治文化的解读,揭示吉政治文化对其政治稳定的影响。     

论婚姻在法学上的概念

作为婚姻法调整对象、婚姻法学研究对象的“婚姻”,必须有一个明确的法学概念。婚姻的法学概念应当与民法学中的民事行为概念相对应,并能在婚姻法学体系中始终如一。它应涵盖以下三层含义：以男女两性结合为基础;以共同生活为目的;具有夫妻身份的公示性。它应包括各种合法婚姻和违法婚姻,能将其与婚前性行为、纳妾、姘居、非婚同居等现象区分开来,而应避免和结婚、婚姻关系等法学概念混为一谈。     

简论清王朝的满蒙联姻政策

满蒙联姻政策是清朝民族政策的重要组成部分,这种联姻政策所形成的姻亲关系,对中国北方这两大尚武勇悍民族的长期和好、对清廷统辖与治理边疆蒙古地区乃至利用蒙古族的军事力量,起到了重要的作用.对于促进满蒙汉各族在政治、经济、风俗文化各方面的互相融合也起到了积极的作用.     

Early Life Transitions of Canadian Women: A Cohort Analysis of Timing, Sequences, and Variations

This paper looks into the timing and sequences of early life transitions of Canadian women using data from the 1995 General Social Survey of Family. Six events occurring in early adulthood are examined: school completion, first job, home-leaving, first cohabitation, first marriage, and first birth. Our analysis of birth cohorts spanning 60 years shows that the biggest changes in timing occurred in school completion and start of work; that the trajectories involving work before marriage have gained popularity among later cohorts; and that education appreciably delays early life transitions.     

新疆高校大学生民族关系现状调查

文章在调查统计的基础上,通过民汉对比、男女对比和文理科学生对比,在民族交往意愿、对待民族间通婚态度、不同民族学生间信任关系以及维护民族关系的行为等几个方面对新疆高校大学生的民族关系现状进行了分析。数据显示,当前新疆高校民族关系总体较为乐观,然而在交往意愿、对待通婚的态度等方面存在着较为明显的类差异。我们要根据不同民族、不同性别、不同学科学生的特点,通过多途径、多方式将民族团结的理念渗透到各类教育之中,以形成高校团结友爱的共同体价值。     

Pooling of Wealth in Marriage: The Role of Premarital Cohabitation

Previous studies documented the existence of a ‘cohabitation–marriage gap’ in resource pooling among opposite-sex partners, with cohabiters being more likely to separate income and wealth than married individuals. Surprisingly, despite many non-marital cohabitations transform into marriages, we know little about income and wealth pooling of ‘spousal cohabiters’, i.e. spouses who transition to marriage after experiencing a period of non-marital cohabitation. The comparison between ‘spousal cohabiters’ and directly married spouses is particularly interesting because it offers a litmus test of theories of marriage in relation to how and why economic resources are differently distributed within married vs. cohabiting couples. This paper compares directly married couples and ‘spousal cohabiters’ in Italy, focusing on one aspect of resource pooling: the marital property regime, i.e. the choice made at the time of marriage between joint or separate ownership of wealth accumulated during marriage. Competing hypotheses are developed on the basis of the arguments that marriage yields legal protection, that selection mechanisms drive both the choice of community vs. separation of property and direct marriage vs. premarital cohabitation, and that, by inertia, ‘spousal cohabiters’ continue to separate resources upon transition to marriage. Results based on the 2016 Italian ‘Family and social subjects’ survey show that ‘spousal cohabiters’ are significantly more likely to choose separation of property compared to directly married spouses. Such differences, however, are drastically reduced once relevant confounders are controlled for, hence suggesting that existing differences between directly married and previously cohabiting couples and, more generally, differences between married and cohabiting couples are driven, above all, by selection mechanisms.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10680-022-09627-2.     

当代凉山彝族婚姻家庭的特点和趋势

当代凉山彝族婚姻家庭继承了家支外婚和姨表不婚的制度 ,同时 ,残存着民族内婚和等级内婚、父权家长制及包办买卖婚姻等形式。随着社会的发展 ,凉山彝族的婚姻家庭将向民族外婚和等级外婚、父权家长制衰落和两性权利渐趋平等、自由婚姻成为主流的趋势发展。     

非婚同居法律制度研究

由于登记婚姻制的强制性,非婚同居与事实婚姻是两个存在交集的概念,两者的法律后果部分重叠。非婚同居有别于婚姻,不能直接适用有关婚姻的规定,但又要给予适当的法律保护使得其合理的诉求不至于被法院拒绝。有些关系则可以类推适用婚姻关系的规定如家庭暴力、姓名权、人身自由权等,应适当限制非婚同居者之间的权利,以维护婚姻正常的家庭职能。     

Partnership Choice and Childbearing in Norway and Spain

Cohabitation has, in a number of countries, become a genuine alternative to marriage. Where this occurs, will we see a convergence in fertility behavior between the two partnership options? We address this question by comparing two societies, Norway and Spain, that contrast sharply not only in the evolution of cohabitation, but also in overall birth rates and public support for families. Using the Generations and Gender Survey for Norway (2007/2008) and the most recent Fertility, Family and Values Survey for Spain (2006), we estimate a three-equation multi-process model for selection into a union and fertility in order to take into account unobserved heterogeneity. For Norway, we find a significant association between selection into either partnership type and fertility, whereas for Spain, a newcomer to cohabitation, we find a significant association between fertility and selection into marriage.     

新疆少数民族婚姻习俗的法律思考

无论在当代社会学研究领域,还是在史学研究领域,新疆少数民族婚姻习俗都是颇受重视的研究课题,这里集中居住着维吾尔、哈萨克、回族等12个少数民族。通过分析新疆少数民族婚姻习俗概况,研究少数民族婚俗与现行婚姻法之冲突,洞析二者之间融合点。以期为党和国家制定正确的民族政策提供参考意见。     

婚姻同居义务之法律演进与我国法律之补正——以妇女权益的流变为视角

透过我国法律对同居义务规定的演进,我们找到了我国《婚姻法》至今未加以规定同居义务的部分缘由。世界许多国家的法律对同居义务加以确认的立法现状,促使我们对同居义务规定与否的利弊进行再思考。我们应该在婚姻法的条文中明确规定夫妻互负同居之义务、同居义务豁免之理由及违反同居义务规定的法律责任等。