探寻蒙古族萨满教文化发展的轨迹

蒙古族萨满教作为一种文化现象,经历了母系氏族社会、父系氏族社会等几个不同的发展阶段,为人类早期社会一种自然的宗教形态;在藏传佛教传人前,萨满教信仰在蒙古各部落中长期流行,是融合该民族自然崇拜、图腾崇拜、祖先崇拜等多种信仰的产物;蒙古族萨满教伴随着社会的发展而发展,与该民族社会生活联系在一起.并以传统风俗习惯形式积淀下来.     

党项名义及族源考证

一、古羌文化网络 党项是汉代西羌的一支,而西羌则由古羌人发展、分化而来。古羌人的活动与华夏文化的开创密切相关。传说时代以治理洪水而闻名的共工氏,据汉代经学家贾逵考证为“羌姓”之人(《周语注》)。     

云南壮族的原始社会

云南壮族源于古滇濮和句町濮人,是当地最古老的土著居民,与居住在广西等地的同一民族一样,曾经经历了漫长的原始社会时期。“濮”中的大姓自称“濮越”或“越”,亦称“僚”。大约在旧石器时代晚期,他们就已经懂得使用各种石制生产工具,进行集体劳动来获取生活资料了。这种原始时代的社会组织,是氏族部落和部落联盟。学者们根据云南壮族民间传说及“丝摩”文《戈管》(人源经)的记述,将其中的母系氏族社会称为“咪弘”制时代,而父系氏族社会则被称为“布弘”制时代。咪弘(mε~(31)xu(?)~(44)),壮语“母皇”或“女帝”之意;布弘(pu~(11)xu(?)~(44)),壮语意即“父皇”或“男帝”。     

湘西婚俗二题

<正> 嫁奁与彩礼土家族嫁女,送嫁奁陪嫁与收纳彩礼,成为全族不成文的“族规”。有人认为,这起于封建婚姻礼俗,嫁奁与彩礼被作为门第的标志,衡量女方身份的尺度。但是,若对其源流作番考究,则会发现这并非为封建婚姻礼俗,而是作为氏族族徽的象征,远古图腾崇拜的标志,为母系氏族社会族外对偶婚制向父系氏族社会单偶婚制过渡的产物。人类从蒙昧时期进入野蛮时期的母系氏族社会,便产生了氏族图腾崇拜,随之防止乱伦的性禁忌也萌生了。弗洛伊德在《图腾与禁忌》一书中指出:“只要有图腾的地方,便有这样一条规定存在:同图腾的各成员相互间不可以有性的关系,亦即他们不可通婚。”对此,     

满族族源神话与"满洲"族称

广泛流传于满族中的“三仙女”神话故事,不仅保留了当时母系氏族社会的部分原生态素材,更重要的是说明了“三仙女”沐浴湖泊的具体方位在黑龙江下游的博朗湖,它为我们今天准确地认识满族的形成和族称的来源,提供了重要依据。     

从辛家"法会"看土族萨满遗风

本文认为在青海省民和回族土族自治县中川乡辛家土族村内的“法会”是原始母系氏族最初宗教——萨满教的遗留物,其法师即学术界所称的萨满。笔者从“服饰”、“七星”和“火”、“跳神内容”三方面进行了简要分析和论证。     

关于“长住娘家”婚俗起源的讨论

关于“长住娘家”婚俗起源的讨论蒋炳钊（厦门大学）“长住娘”（或称不落夫家、不落家或坐家）婚俗的起源，目前学术界主要有三种相异的观点：一是认它是“母系氏族社会到父系社会的过渡期所发生的风俗”①：二是因两性分工不同而引起②；三是因“早婚”而成俗，“构成了...     

[解读湘西神秘文化之三] 撬奴:苗族母系氏族文化的胎记

湘西苗族把还傩愿称为“撬奴”(“跳傩”的转音),把傩公傩母称为巴奴奶奴。这种祭祀仪式作为父系氏族社会初期中原及江南各民族的一种共生文化形态,除了一些共同特征外,必有一些为各民族所特有的文化内涵。拙文拟从傩祀的原根、女性的神职、洞鬼的扮演及祭品的“打散”等四个方面来探析苗族母系氏族文化遗存在撬奴仪式里的种种胎记。一、傩祀的原根。撬奴有一堂重要法事叫“泡奴”(汉译为“剖傩”),专由傩巫用大段巫词吟诵洪荒世纪兄妹开亲的故事———剖开傩的来头。这是绝不能省略的核心法事。湘西人常把没有弄清本源的人与事叫做“没有傩…     

罗姓——我国最早的捕鸟者和驯鸟族

在我国母系氏族社会时期,虽然已出现了农业和畜牧业,但在罗山(今河南信阳、湖北北部及淮河上游的部分地区)一带仍生活着一个以织网捕鸟为生的部落——罗部落。“罗”字是一个会意字,在甲骨文中就有记载:形状像用网罟捕鸟(见《续甲骨文录编》)。另外《尔雅·释器》在解释网的种类与名称     

关于岭南与广府文化形成的讨论

对岭南文化形成的探讨,应从既包括儒家学术文化,也包括土著民俗文化的大文化观出发.岭南原始文化出现雏形当于母系氏族社会;但渐趋成熟则在夏商周,全面确立在春秋战国时,比中原稍晚.秦统一中国后,岭南土著民族文化出现雏形;赵佗主南越国,岭南汉族地域文化出现雏形.此后,随着中原文化不断向岭南传播,岭南汉族地域文化与土著民族文化交替演进,至唐代以后岭南文化渐趋成熟,明代全面确立.     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.