扶贫自愿性移民的迁移决策及主体选择性研究

扶贫异地安置是我国扶贫攻坚的重大举措,扶贫自愿性移民的群体特征分析是扶贫异地安置实践和理论中一个重要的课题.本文通过对北海市三个扶贫异地安置点的个案研究,在探讨扶贫自愿性移民迁移动机的基础上,对移民主体性选择进行了分析,说明了潜在移民成为现实扶贫移民的具体原因.     

流动人口健康移民现象再检验：基于2006-2011年CHNS数据的分析

基于中国健康与营养调查2006年、2009年和2011年的数据,检验我国是否存在流动人口健康状况普遍优于城市居民的健康移民现象。建立Logistic回归模型横向分析三个年度的数据得出,流动人口在长期健康指标上的表现优于城市居民,这种差异在控制了年龄、性别、学历、职业、收入和吸烟史等变量后依然保持显著,而两组人群在近期健康指标上的差异总体上不显著。建立Cox回归模型纵向分析三个年度的数据得出,两组人群在近期健康上患病概率并无明显差异,而城市居民患有长期疾病的概率显著高于流动人口,这种差异在控制变量后仍然保持显著。     

中国对外移民的区位选择及其影响因素--基于修正零值国际移民引力模型的分析

利用联合国经济和社会事务部国际移民统计数据库中1990－2013年中国对143个国家和地区的移民存量数据,在修正移民零值基础上,采用国际移民引力模型考察了中国对外移民的区位分布及其影响因素。研究结果表明：中国对外移民主要分布在距离较近和收入较高的国家或地区;影响中国对外移民的因素有移民输入国经济发展水平、经济规模、人口规模、制度质量以及距离;移民输入国资源丰富程度和老龄化程度对中国移民没有显著影响。本文的研究结论意味着保持中国经济持续健康发展、提高国民收入水平、继续深化改革提高制度质量对减少人才流失具有重要意义。     

农村婚姻移民的社会适应及性别差异初探——来自吴江的实证研究

目前国内关于农村婚姻移民的社会适应研究还处于空白。本文利用《2010年吴江市居民生活质量调查》研究中236份婚姻移民的数据,从社会性别视角出发,从主观感知、经济层面、社会关系、文化适应等方面探索农村婚姻移民的社会适应状况和性别差异。实证研究发现,婚姻移民的主观适应感较好,其总体经济适应程度要低于本地居民,在社会关系、文化等方面也仍有少数人未能融入当地生活;社会性别因素对社会适应的主观感知没有显著影响,但在社会适应的经济、社会关系、文化等不同方面存在显著的性别差异。     

已婚独生女相对资源优势与单独居住选择研究——基于苏州市吴中区的调查

第一代独生子女大规模进入婚育年龄,由于此类家庭关系的特殊性,势必对传统的家庭居住方式产生冲击。文章利用2006年苏州市20-29岁育龄妇女家庭户调查资料,建立已婚独生女资源优势变量,通过列联交互表与卡方检验的方法,判断资源优势与独生女单独居住的关联性。研究结果表明：已婚独生女单独居住与其社会资本和文化资本优势呈显著负相关,与其经济资本优势呈正相关。夫妻间资本优势影响家庭权力分配,并影响到居住决策,且社会资本和文化资本优势影响力超过经济资本优势。鉴于此,本文提出“优势一选择”理论予以解释,认为独生女依据自己不同的比较资源优势,依次选择自己意愿的居住方式。     

韩国社会保障制度的现状及其政策选择初探

伴随经济全球化与韩国民主化进程的加快,在新的发展环境下,韩国社会保障制度的发展面临新的问题。本文从韩国社会保障制度的现状入手,探讨了韩国政府在社会保障改革中的经验和政策选择,对于建立与完善我国社会保障制度的发展有较大的借鉴意义。     

公共选择理论对我国行政管理改革的启示

一、公共选择理论概要公共选择理论是一门介于经济学与政治学之间的新兴学科,它是运用经济学的分析模式来研究政治的决策机制怎样运作的理论。公共选择理论可以定义成非市场决策的经济研究,或者可以更简单地定义为把经济学应用于政治领域的一种     

(Mobility) Fixing the Taiwanese bicycle industry: the production and economisation of cycling culture in pursuit of accumulation

ABSTRACT

There have been recent calls in mobilities literature for greater engagement with how mobility regimes are shaped and governed at different scales. In relation to cycling-related mobilities scholarship, there are very few accounts situating cycling within broader bio-political and political–economic processes. This paper seeks to address this absence, situating contemporary formations of cycling culture within processes of capital accumulation and economisation. The research is based upon a series of interviews with industry stakeholders, participant observations at cycle events and analysis of policy documents and news media in Taiwan from 2015–2017. We demonstrate that in the last 10–15 years there has been a drive to create cycling subjects in the Taiwanese cycle industry, mass events and through public bike sharing with the loosely strategised goal of projecting an image of a cycling culture that it is hoped will be advantageous to the domestic bicycle industry. We demonstrate how this emergent process of fixing works through economisation of social cycling practices, themselves reliant on processes of division, classification and subjectification. We also show how the cycling subjects and cultures thus formed constitute qualculative framings that facilitate ongoing commercial re-evaluation of Taiwanese Brand manufacturers by other actors within the industry.     

Mobility,Space and Power: On the Multiplicities of Seeing Mobility

Abstract

Mobility as a key modern phenomenon can be seen in multiple ways and this article raises the question of how mobility becomes visible and real through diverse ways of seeing mobility. Mobility’s different aspects appear and take place in particular spatial settings under the workings of diverse forms of power, and recognizing this informs us about the making of spatialised mobility. It is shown how mobility intermingles with perceptions, experiences and desires of the modern self. Such workings of power relate, among other things, to framing and imagining, practising and experiencing mobility. Capturing ways of seeing mobility thus widens our language for engaging with questions of mobility and its political and social reality and possible futures.     

社会转型期职业流动的性别分化——以江苏省为例

本文使用第二次中国妇女社会地位调查中涉及江苏省居民职业流动的数据材料，从性别的视角对社会转型期的江苏居民的代际职业流动和代内职业流动进行了分析，发现：社会转型期，职业流动加剧，两性的职业地位都得到了提升，但两性的职业层次差异也呈现出了扩大的趋势；代际流动方面，女性的代际职业世袭率高于男性，上升流动率低于男性；进一步对影响职业流动的内生变量进行因素相关分析的结果显示：社会转型期，人力资本和成就意识等“获致性”因素的影响力较强。     

Influence of Proximity to Kin on Residential Mobility and Destination Choice: Examining Local Movers in Metropolitan Areas

A growing body of research has examined how family dynamics shape residential mobility, highlighting the social—as opposed to economic—drivers of mobility. However, few studies have examined kin ties as both push and pull factors in mobility processes or revealed how the influence of kin ties on mobility varies across sociodemographic groups. Using data on local residential moves from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) from 1980 to 2013, we find that location of noncoresident kin influences the likelihood of moving out of the current neighborhood and the selection of a new destination neighborhood. Analyses of out-mobility reveal that parents and young adult children living near each other as well as low-income adult children living near parents are especially deterred from moving. Discrete-choice models of neighborhood selection indicate that movers are particularly drawn to neighborhoods close to aging parents, white and higher-income households tend to move close to parents and children, and lower-income households tend to move close to extended family. Our results highlight the social and economic trade-offs that households face when making residential mobility decisions, which have important implications for broader patterns of inequality in residential attainment.     

When Migrants Travel Back Home: Changing Identities in Northern Sri Lanka after the Ceasefire of 2002

Abstract

This article looks at how social relations change when proximity is re‐established after a long period of separation. This theoretically inspired question is discussed in the case of Sri Lanka, where a peace process in 2002 enabled exiled Tamils to temporarily return to their ‘homeland’. The new mobility of these migrants constituted a significant momentum for the re‐negotiation of Tamil identity. Proximate relations resulting from mobility led to a growing awareness of differences in cultural expression and perspective. The empirical data show that the construction of difference is related not only to spatial mobility and to temporality. Spatial, but also temporal distance in translocal relations determines the construction of images, detached from face‐to‐face interaction and the locality, constituting an identity space.     

广东省外来人口的定居性与流动性初步分析

根据人口普查资料,文章分析了广东省外来人口在居住地的时间分布情况,描述了不同人口属性和不同社会、经济特征的外来人口在居住时间上的差别,并且描述了在居住地出生"外来人口"的一些特征,最后利用Logistic回归对影响外来人口居住时间长短的多种因素做综合分析。在描述分析的基础上,论文最后指出,必须正视大量的外来人口实际上已经转变为长期定居人口的事实,并解决其产生的相关社会问题。     

Freedom as Mobility: Implications of the Distinction between Actual and Potential Travelling

This paper defines mobility as the potential transport of humans and explores the mobility aspect of freedom. Freedom as mobility is composed both of opportunities to travel when and where one pleases and of the feasibility of the choice not to travel. The essay further analyses the implications for the idea of freedom as mobility of distinguishing between actual and potential travel. It is also shown how mobility as a right is challenged by a central feature of democracy – namely, respect for unanimity – and how tracks left by travellers can be exploited for surveillance and control. Moreover, mobility leads to a potential absence and thus uncertainty. The paper evaluates how alternative responses to this problem have widely different consequences for the experience of freedom as mobility.     

西北少数民族地区乡村社会流动的经济后果分析——以宁夏固原和甘肃临夏为例

本文以宁夏固原和甘肃临夏地区的田野调查为例．分析了西北少数民族地区目前频繁发生的乡村社会流动所带来的经济后果。研究表明,乡村社会流动推动了民族地区和全国的城市化进程,缓减了农业和农村的压力,改善了流动参与的家庭收入结构,提高了流动参与者参与市场经济的能力。同时,也带来农村经济分化进一步拉大,地方政府崇拜劳务输出,村民经济利益至上及低端的劳动力循环等不利于流出地经济发展和村庄整合的负向后果。     

Effect of an Accessibility Measure in a Model for Choice of Residential Location,Workplace, and Type of Employment

A three-level nested logit model for the choice of residential location, workplace, and type of employment is used to assess the effect of an individual-specific measure of accessibility to employments that takes into account the attractiveness of different occupations when the choice of workplace is anticipated in the decision of residential location. The model allows for variation in the preferences for types of employment across individuals and accounts for individual heterogeneity of preferences at each choice level in education, age, gender, and children. Using data from the Île-de-France region, the model shows that the individual-specific accessibility measure is an important determinant of the choice of residential location and its effect differs along the life cycle. The attractiveness of the types of employment is a better predictor of the workplace location than the usual total number of employments.     

Neonatal resuscitation training for midwives in Australia: A discussion of current practice

BackgroundMore than 300,000 babies are born in Australia each year, with almost 20% of newborns requiring some form of neonatal resuscitation at birth. The most common first responders to a neonatal resuscitation emergency are midwives. While the Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation guides midwives’ practice during a neonatal resuscitation, each state and territory uses varying strategies to train and assess midwives proficiency in neonatal resuscitation.AimTo examine the neonatal resuscitation training requirements for midwives and raise awareness for the lack of consistency in training in Australia.DiscussionA significant variation was found in the teaching methods and frequency of training for neonatal resuscitation across Australia. Neonatal resuscitation is mandated through a state-wide guideline or policy in only four of the states with seven formal neonatal resuscitation training programs used across seven states and territories. Although a multi-modal approach to learning is present in all of the programs, the combination of teaching methods differ.Conclusion and RecommendationsA standardised, evidence-based training program is required to ensure consistency in training for midwives in Australia. Multi-modal learning is common across all current training programs; however, the best combination of multi-modal teaching methods needs to be determined. Neonatal resuscitation training needs to occur at least annually, as recommended by the Australian and New Zealand Council on Resuscitation.