技术创新对企业集团能量效率的影响与对策

引用动物捕食的最优方法的进化论观点研究了技术创新对企业集团能量效率的影响 ,提出了相应的对策 .首先 ,描述了一类企业集团的能量效率的基本模型 ,给出了一个关于技术与市场需求关系的假设 .接着 ,研究了技术创新对横向型企业集团能量效率的影响 ,在建立起模型之后 ,证明了提高核心企业的能量效率的充分性定理 ,为核心企业提供了对策方法 .然后 ,研究了核心企业是下游企业的纵向型企业集团 ,建立了模型 ,并获得了类似的结论 .最后 ,举例说明了核心企业应该怎样根据能量效率进行决策的思想 .总之 ,把一个企业集团的成长看成一群动物的进化 ,并且试图将进化论的思想应用到经济研究中     

产业技术创新战略联盟研究综述

在以技术创新主导产业的今天,产业技术创新战略联盟是技术开发战略联盟产业层面的拓展。在我国,国家创新体系尚未完善,产业技术创新战略联盟仍是一个新生事物,是一种新的技术进步方式,有待进一步理论研究和实践探索。本文系统回顾了现有国内外文献,并对其做出了总结评价,同时指出现有研究的不足及对未来研究的展望,为进一步研究奠定理论基础。     

基于技术联盟的技术创新模式及其风险分析

简要介绍了技术联盟的概念及其发展,技术联盟在企业技术创新中具有解决中资源稀缺性问题、降低开发成本、增强企业技术能力的作用,并分析了基于技术联盟的技术创新模式的风险来源及风险控制。     

创新产学研合作模式构建区域产业技术联盟

产业技术创新战略联盟是以企业为主体、以需求为导向、以利益为纽带的新型技术创新组织形态。通过产学研合作,促进知识、技术和人才要素有效集成,充分发挥企业、大学、科研院所的各自优势,是加快技术创新体系建设的重要载体,是促进企业提升自主创新能力的有效途径。     

中外企业合作的战略联盟特征与技术学习

战略联盟是企业获取或学习创新能力的一种重要的策略和组织形式, 中国的技术(密集) 型企业正试图通过战略联盟进入高新技术领域, 中外企业合作成为首选的方式. 本文将战略联盟区分为市场型和技术(开发) 型联盟, 中外企业联盟在很大程度上是市场联盟而不是技术联盟, 其技术学习首要的表现在管理、生产知识以及专业人才培训上的知识转移. 作为市场型联盟, 在技术(资金) 密集型产业中, 中外企业合作主要选择的联盟治理形式是股权联盟—— 合资. 这与国际战略联盟得出的一般性结论有根本区别, 这为理解发展中经济和发达经济     

企业集团并购的能量效率最优战略

本文引用动物捕食的最优方法的观点,分析了企业集团并购的能量效率最优问题,提出了最优战略。首先,本文给出了模型的基本假设;接着,分别建立起并购上、下游企业的最优战略模型,并且给出了提高能量效率的充分条件;最后,建立起横向兼并模型,也给出了提高能量效率的充分条件,并且举例说明了如何进行决策。本文的结论可以应用到中国企业集团并购实践中。     

产业技术创新联盟发展建议

本文阐述了产业技术创新联盟的内涵,分析了成都市产业技术创新联盟发展现状及存在的问题,针对当前存在的问题,提出了鼓励联盟实体化运作、支持联盟创新发展、推进联盟规范化管理、加大宣传促进联盟发展等对策建议。     

产学研联盟技术创新研究

文章分析了我国开展产学研联盟进行技术创新存在的主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了推进产学研联盟技术创新的相关对策及建议,以期更好地服务于企业的技术创新活动。     

双碳目标下绿色技术创新对碳排放效率的影响

大量碳排放引起的全球变暖已成为影响人类生存和世界发展的关键问题,绿色技术创新作为低碳相关政策的支撑手段,对顺利实现双碳目标具有重要影响。从产业结构升级和降低碳排放强度两方面阐述绿色技术创新对碳排放效率的影响机制,基于2005—2019年省级面板数据,运用超效率SBM模型计算碳排放效率数据并分析其时空演变过程,使用双向固定效应模型进行计量分析。研究发现,实质性绿色技术创新可显著提高碳排放效率而策略性绿色技术创新无影响,在更换被解释变量、缩短时间窗口和缩尾检验等稳健性检验后结果依然成立;异质性结果表明,该效应在碳排放交易权政策试点省市显著而在非试点省份不显著;机制检验证明产业结构升级和碳强度降低在其中具有显著中介效应。提出绿色技术创新提高碳排放效率的政策建议。     

论产业技术联盟对促进技术进步的作用机制

随着经济全球化的发展,企业之间竞争的不断加剧,技术创新成为企业争夺的焦点。产业技术联盟作为一种新的创新组织,对促进技术进步方面表现出很强的优势。各国企业都争相的形成产业技术联盟,以此来增强自身的竞争力。本文系统的分析了产业技术联盟在技术进步方面的作用机制,通过分析更好的了解产业技术联盟对技术进步的重要性。     

不确定环境下新技术投资策略模型研究

探讨企业关于可升级换代新技术的投资策略选择问题,建立了基于实物期权方法的投资分析模型,模型有完备的解析解.阐述分析了企业可选择的五种基本投资策略,这些策略充分考虑了隐含的期权价值,可为企业管理者提供有益的决策参考和实践指导.     

Propensity to adopt technological innovations: the impact of personal characteristics and organizational context

This study investigated how personal characteristics and organizational context are associated with strategic decision makers' intentions to adopt technological innovations. Positive significant relationships were found between hospital top managers' intentions to adopt potential innovations and risk propensity, self-efficacy, perceived organizational strategy, perceived information processing capacity, and perceived resource availability. The impact of personal and organizational factors on intentions to adopt, implications of our results, and future research directions are discussed.     

On the adoption of technological innovations in industry: Superficial models and complex decision processes

Attention is directed first to the external as well as the internal contexts within which prospective innovations are evaluated. Turning to the actual decision-making processes, a review of the evaluational bases for decision is followed by consideration of how these lead to actual decisions and often to subsequent revisions of the original decisions. The final section is concerned with some common shortcomings of prevailing approaches to evaluating the post-installation effects of technological innovations in industry. It also offers some suggestions for improving such efforts and for using such improvements to enhance the effective appraisal of future innovations.     

三阶段组合效率测度模型与技术研发效率测度

在系统梳理现有可调整环境因素或/与统计噪音影响的三阶段组合效率测度模型的基础上,利用幅度调整测度(RAM)与随机前沿分析(SFA)结合,构建了无需强制性调整环境因素与统计噪音影响的三阶段组合效率测度改进模型——RAM-SFA-RAM.相对现有模型,新的组合测度模型不但在估计影响与调整投入和产出时可实现较为客观地设定环境因素与松弛变量之间存在非线性生产函数关系,以降低效率估计偏误,而且充分利用了RAM模型全面测度无效的优点,为从投入和产出两个方面同时过滤环境因素与统计噪音的差异性影响提供了新的分析途径;更重要的是,选用的RAM具有平移不变性,可使组合测度模型克服现有模型只能通过最值强制性对投入和产出进行正向调整以适应选择的效率估计模型无法处理非正值的不足,避免了由此产生的效率估计偏误.实证研究部分用这一组合效率测度模型分析了中国省域层次上大中型工业企业的技术研发效率,为效率的客观比较提供了可行的模型方法.     

Making more of alliance portfolios: The role of alliance portfolio coordination

Alliance portfolios enable firms to access and integrate multiple resources from different, simultaneous partners. We assess the extent to which alliance portfolio coordination benefits focal firms along three alliance portfolio characteristics: alliance portfolio size, the complementarity of the resources available through the portfolio, and the degree to which relation-specific investments are made across the portfolio. Based on a questionnaire completed by 444 Dutch companies, we found that the three portfolio characteristics play an important role in creating benefits for focal firms through their portfolios. Additionally, our findings suggest that alliance portfolio coordination is an important element in dealing with the challenge of managing portfolios, in that it shapes the effect of the other portfolio characteristics.     

基于内生能源效率改进的宏观减排结构分析

本文将内生能源效率进步机制引入到综合评估模型E3METL中,并将其区域化构建了中国能源—经济—环境系统综合模型,从宏观层面揭示中国未来减排量分担结构的变化,着重分析不同排放约束情景下各排放驱动因素的减排贡献的动态演变特征.研究发现:碳强度和能源强度是对碳排放产生显著负向影响的因素,而人均收入和人口因素则正向促进排放的增长.排放控制初期,能效改进是最大的减排力量来源,其次是人均收入代表的经济因素;而在排放控制的中后期,无碳能源对传统含碳能源的大规模替代将成为碳减排最大的贡献途径.这意味着政府和企业应当充分重视减排力量结构的时期特征和变化规律,前者应根据减排贡献主体的变化调整其宏观政策扶持导向和力度,逐步推动产业转型;后者则需对减排技术发展和研发投入方向进行适时调整,继而更加成本有效地完成碳减排任务.     

Dynamic evolution of alliance portfolios

This research advances in the conceptualization and the operationalization of the factors or microdynamics that determine the choice of partners. Most of the literature in this area of research has centered on the individual alliance without taking into account the set of alliances that a firm makes. This research applies a holistic approach, analyzing the set of alliances as a whole and points to the factors related to alliance portfolios that affect the choice of partners. The authors propose a longitudinal model that allows us to analyze the evolution of interorganizational networks. A Simulation Investigation for Empirical Network Analysis (SIENA) has been applied to a sample of 229 firms, analyzing 10,556 strategic alliances established between them over a 12 year period. The results show that certain factors over which managers exercise a degree of control (deliberate endogenous microdynamics) exert significant influences on the choice of partners by the focal actor and thereby on the dynamic configuration of alliance portfolios.     

Urban housing & energy efficiency: a pollution prevention opportunity

In 1999, the New York Power Authority (NYPA) received the annual Governor's Award for Pollution Prevention for its Energy Efficiency Refrigerator Replacement Program, conducted in cooperation with the New York City Housing Authority (NYCHA). There are over 180,000 refrigerators in operation at NYCHA residences. In this article the authors describe how NYPA offered to design, finance and implement a program to replace inefficient refrigerators with more efficient models, recouping the cost of the program through energy savings. NYPA worked in partnership with major appliance manufacturers to develop refrigerators that fit the NYCHA space requirements while providing sufficient energy savings to pay for the program. In addition, refrigerant gas, compressor oil, mercury switches, PCB- and non-PCB capacitors, and metals are all recycled at a dedicated facility under the program; the shipping containers from the new refrigerators are also recycled.Since program inception, almost 48,000 refrigerators have been replaced, weighing an estimated 8.5 million pounds. To date, the program has recycled approximately 14,000 pounds of CFC-12 gas, 215,000 pounds of aluminum, 36,000 pounds of copper, and eight million pounds of steel. From an energy efficiency standpoint, energy consumption has been reduced by 62,000 MWH, which has eliminated air emissions totaling ninety-five tons of SO2, seventy-eight tons of NOx and 52,000 tons of CO2 (using metropolitan New York generation profiles). Likewise, partnerships have been developed with the US Department of Housing and Urban Development and the U.S. Department of Energy.