The Four Seasons·Winter

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Famine,Maternal Nutrition and Infant Mortality: A Re-examination of the Dutch Hunger Winter

During the Dutch Hunger Winter (1945), a unique, documented example of mass famine in an industrialized population, total reproductive loss (fetal and infant mortality) among most exposed mothers remained relatively low. This is explained by highly favourable fetal mortality and unfavourable infant mortality. The author traces the pattern of low fetal mortality to the higher levels of ‘embodied health status’ of famine mothers. The high infant mortality of the famine area testifies to the severity of the food and fuel shortage, yet another factor held down the rate of stillbirth. This other factor, it is argued, has a socio-economic character, it is the intrinsic ‘embodied’ nutritional status of the regional population, arising from favourable opportunities for growth and development among successive generations of mothers. This explanation highlights the importance of maternal vitality, (a synthetic, historically variable and culturally determined phenomenon) as a neglected feature of historical demography.     

Impression of Yu Honglin

正The charm of Chinese painting lies in the creative expression of one’s own artistic discovery and feeling,thereby turns the genuineness of life into perfect artistic reality.It is a way to enter the painting world,which I discovered when I walked closer to the landscape of West Beijing shown in Yu’s painting.Yu,born in West Beijing,is one of the middle-aged painters I know well.He studied geology at first and had previously been down into deep underground mines.If there is anything     

Study on Standard of Population Aging

Do an increase in ageing in developed countries and"getting old before getting rich"in developing countries indicate that f luctuations in the population age structure have produced a qualitative change?What is a qualitative change and what is a quantitative change?Here we propose a new concept of Shadow Population,then establish a new standard for evaluating population age structure,finally present a typical five stage population age structure type transition model.The model simulation shows that all world regions are still in the adult stage and that population ageing belongs to the category of quantitative change.However,sustained low fertility will lead to a qualitative change in the ageing population.The current pressure of population aging in the adult stage placed on the pension security system shows that this system is truly not a sustainable system,Gradually raising the retirement age and Long-term stability in replacement fertility is the key to solving the socioeconomic development dilemma presented by future population ageing in low fertility regions or countries,but the latter is more urgent.     

Continuity or Change？ Chinese Family in Transitional Era

In China, the increase of the sex ratio at birth （SRB） associates with the decline of the fertility level. The change of the parity structure, one of the main reasons of the low fertility level, may also play an important part in the change of the SRB. We find that the decrease of the proportion of the second and higher parity deters the imbalance of the SRB in China. The increase of the SRB in China is mainly caused by the increase of the second and higher parity＇s correspondent level of SRB before 2000, and the first parity＇s SRB also Plays more and more important role after 2000.     

Main Challenges and Strategic Countermeasures for China's Green Economy Development

This paper anaIyzed necessity,main challenges and strategic countermeasures for green economy development in China. The conclusions included that china achieves an excellent economic performance through undertaking international industrial transfer in the past 20 years,however,which also brings China heavy environmental costs, and the 20 years of undertaking international industry transfer is also the Process of undertaking international transfer of natural resources consumption and environmental pollution. At present,China has become the country of highest ecological overload and environmental risk in the world,and also lost the international competitiveness of traditional industries, and China is facing unprecedented pressure of economic transformation.There are some advantages for China's green economic transformation, such as, huge domestic demands,abundant civil capital, etc.,but the challenges faced are serious as well. Overall, China needs to break through three vital barriers. First, China is still at the stage of mid—industrialization and urbanization and the huge demands for traditional industry willcontinue for 10~15 years; second,the domestic market development for new green industry is too slow under the influence of market monopoly by traditional energy industry and limited green technology innovating capacity; third, the elements of land,water and mineral are undervalued,and environmental damage free of enterprises production cost.In the future,China should foster and expand green industries based on domestic demands,and then strive for competitive advantages in the international market. To establish a favorable institutional environment is crucial for China's green transition and policy-making should focus on:(1) establishing forced-mechanism for traditional industries upgrading and incentive mechanism for emerging green industries developing, and prioritizing total factor productivity in economic achievement evaluation system;(2) Promoting integration of emerging cities and strategic emerging industries;(3) enhancing competitiveness of emerging industries in global market by adopting the pattern of to innovate technology—form patent—establish standards—guide market;(4) establishing green consumption pattern in whole society.     

National Report on Migrant Worker Monitoring and Survey 2013

正Population Size of Migrant Workers According to sample survey results from National Bureau of Statistics,the number of migrant workers of China in 2013 totaled 268.94 million,an increase of 6.33 million compared with the previous year,a rise of 2.4%.Of which,166.10 million were migrant workers outside hometown,     

Dazzling Brilliance Mingles Emotions with ObjectiveExistence to Clear One's Mind——Appreciation of Chen Chengyi's Traditional Chinese Paintings

正I got acquainted with Mr Chen Chengyi not long ago,but my admiration for him grows silently,especially for his artistic achievements.At the exhibition held on May 23,2014,I was fortunate to enjoy his dazzling paintings of different styles and contents.It really enlightened me.Now,I am so willing to share my strong     

Li Bin addresses UN population conference

正Li Bin,minister of the China National Health and Family Planning Commission,addressed the development of China’s family planning policy.Li called upon the international community to put the population problemon the UN Post-2015 Development Agenda and to give more support for developing countries at the UN headquarters in New York on Sept22.     

China＇s Ranking Rises in the Mothers＇ Index

正On May 6,2014,Save the Children,an international charity,issued its report of State of the World's Mothers 2014.Among the Mothers’Index covering178 countries in the world,China ranks the 61st,an increase of 7 positions over the previous year.This is the 15th year     

Brief Introduction of Chen Chenyi

正Chen Chenyi,also known as Chen Gen,has an art name of Ting Lou Hermit and his ancestral home is Shandong Province.Arts AgenciesHe was born in Tianjin in 1962.Influenced by the family since childhood,he was taught calligraphy by his mother.Later,benefited from various famous teachers in Tianjin,he studied ancient prose,poetry,calligraphy,painting,seal carving,music,Peking     

Minister Li Bin Attended the Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2014

正During April 8~11,2014,Boao Forum for Asia Annual Conference 2014 was convened in Boao,Hainan.Ms Li Bin,Minister of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)attended the opening ceremony and spoke at the roundtable ofMission of International Medical Tourism Pilot.Li pointed out in her speech at the roundtable that,in 2013,the State Council issued Some Opinions on     

Walt Whitman,Our Great Gay Poet?

ABSTRACT

This article surveys the critical debates around Walt Whitman's “Calamus” cluster, arguing that a “queer” reading of Whitman—one that does not see him as, for example, a closeted homosexual who censored his work for fear of being “outed”—is both historically accurate and politically efficacious. While previous efforts to reclaim Whitman as “our great gay poet” are understandable—particularly given critical readings of Whitman that denied the homoeroticism of his poems—today, a reading of Whitman as homosexual threatens to simplify our understanding of the history of homosexuality and to blunt the power of Whitman's poetry to continue to “queer” normative understandings of sex and gender identity categories and their relationship to politics.     

Beijing Released a New Model of Family Doctor Service

正On May 7,Beijing released a new policy about family doctor service model.In the future,residents in Beijing can sign up with family doctors.Once a resident does that,he can make appointments with thecorresponding doctor directly.When having medical diagnosis,he will also beallocatedto the signed     

Economic Impact of Rural to Urban Labor Migration in China from 1991 to 2011

This paper quantitatively explores the size of rural labor force transfer and the specified flow nonagricultural industries, and the corresponding contribution of the increase of labor force utilization and productivity to economic growth from 1991 to 2011. The transfer size increased from 86.73 million people in 1990 to more than 250 million people in 2011. In 2011, 53.7% of the transfer labor worked in second industry, the others in third industry. By using growth accounting, this paper decomposes GDP growth into three growth components: working age population, labor force productivity and labor force utilization. Firstly, the paper calculated the real average annual growth rate of these three factor from 1991 to 2011 and their contributions to GDP growth. Then we calculated the changes of three factors and GDP'growth rates under the scenario without rural labor transfer, and finally got the contribution of rural labor transfer to GDP growth by comparing the difference between real and assumption scenario. The resuit shows that from 1991 to 2011, the real average annual growth rate of three factors were 1.3%, 9.3% and-0.3%, and their contribution the GDP growth was 12.2%, 90.2% and-2.4%separately. Under the scenario without rural labor transfer, the average annual growth rates of labor force productivity and labor force utilization would reduce to 8.9% and-1.4%, while the GDP average annual growth rate would reduce from 10.3% to 8.8%. The profound analysis in details shows that the transfer promoted labor force utilization by 30.7%and productivity by 23.9% annually on average, therefore promoting GDP by 63.7%, and GDP growth rate by 1.6% annually on average. On the one hand, through the utilizing of the ‘surplus rural labor force', the transfer promoted the labor force utilization, then made the potential population dividend brought by the increase of working age population size practical; on the other hand, through promoting of labor force industry structure, the transfer promoted the total productivity. The transfer has been and will be an important driving force of economic growth in China.     

Rosted Leaves Redder Than February Flowers——Thoughts after Reading Mr. Yu Honglin's Painting Collection

正A day in mid-May this year,Mr.Yu Honglin came to the Oriental Painting and Calligraphy House with his latest published painting and calligraphy collection book.It makes me very excited to share his artistic achievement with you.Mr Yu’s creation style is skillful,confi dent,substantial and vivid.In my opinion,both painting and calligraphy pay attention to brushwork.Meaningful lines are the original starting point of arts.Use Mr.Yu’s seal     

Five Ministries and Commissions including NHFPC Jointly Issued Implementation Program on Firmly Advancing Rural Poverty Alleviation in Health and Family Planning

正In August 2014,5 ministries including National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),State Development and Reform Commission,Ministry of Finance,State Council Leading Group Office of Poverty Alleviation and Development,and State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine jointly issued Implementation Program on Firmly Advancing Rural Poverty Alleviation in Health and Family