认同机制构建视角下青年亚文化现象解读——以Cosplay亚文化为例

Cosplay是青少年通过扮演动漫作品中的角色从而表达自我的青少年文化活动,目的是为了抵抗主流社会、父辈阶层对于自我角色的强行刻写,夺回话语权与重新刻画认同描述。构建认同机制是推动青少年参与Cosplay的主因,具有个体认同、组织认同、制度认同三个依次递进的阶段:个体认同使青少年获得反抗主流文化强行认同的亚文化个体身份;组织认同聚合了青少年亚文化个体认同进而为形成亚文化组织奠定基础;制度认同则创造了亚文化场域,构造制度结构来确立青年亚文化秩序及其合法性,进一步反向支持亚文化个体认同、组织认同。青少年通过构建这三类认同机制,促使Cosplay文化成为由青少年编码角色形象图式、获得自主话语规范从而抵抗主流文化的青少年亚文化。     

青少年穿刺和纹身对其社会认同的影响

穿刺和纹身行为已成为一种社会现象．这被认为是穿刺者和纹身者表达社会认同或文化认同的一种方式。社会心理学者也正在积极地探究这种行为背后的深层动机。以求对这一社会行为能有更加清楚的认识和了解。本研究采用访谈法和问卷法对中国武汉、法国巴黎和加蓬利伯维尔三地青少年进行了研究。结果发现穿刺或纹身行为背后有着极其复杂的动机;个人的信念对纹身或穿刺行为有着较大的影响;社会环境尤其是教育对青少年的社会认同行为在很大程度上起着保护作用：这些时尚行为构成了包容不同文化的最优框架。     

从“少子化”现象入手探讨当代日本女性不育的原因

"少子化"现象在日本日益严峻,对社会造成了不良的影响,故已经受到了日本政府与社会的关注。"少子化"现象产生的直接原因就是日本女性的生育率逐年下降。当代许多日本女性都选择了不育或少生,导致日本的青少年与儿童人口比例锐减。本文从"少子化"现象入手探讨了当代日本女性不育的原因。     

异装Cosplay场域中青少年的性别角色认同实践

青少年时期是个体性别角色认同形成的关键时期,在现代社会,青少年在性别角色认同上逐渐表现出对传统性别观念的反抗。近年来,Cosplay越来越受青少年的欢迎,异装扮演越发普遍,甚至成为青少年自我表达的一种方式。以Cosplay这一特定场域中的异装扮演活动作为切入口,能够了解青少年异装扮演者的性别观念,解析当代青少年在性别角色认同上的实践,并在此基础上进一步探讨解构二元性别划分,实现自我性别建构与性别角色认同的可能。     

关注未成年人思想道德建设

青少年是祖国未来的建设者,是中国社会主义事业的接班人,目前其整体素质呈现良好的发展态势,然而也存在一些问题,如一些青少年社会公德、理想信仰困惑,部分青少年沉迷网络,青少年心理健康问题开始突出,中小学生存在非正常缀学现象,家庭教育急功近利,独生子女成长出现新情况等.因此,青少年思想道德建设要改进家庭教育和学校教育方法,构筑青少年思想道德教育的社会支持系统.要贴近实际、贴近生活的各种社会生活素质的培养,提高青少年对主流思想道德体系的认同程度.在具体工作中,要以科学精神为主导,为造就创新型人才提供力量源泉.     

解困青少年成长

青少年是社会的希望和未来，因此，社会通常十分重视青少年的培育和成长。然而，身处社会转型和时代巨变中的青少年，通常面临双重认同危机：个体进入青少年期后，要面对自我同一性的形成，即使是在稳定、和缓的社会氛围中，青少年形成自我认同也通常需要长时间的尝试和努力，如果处在巨变时代，青少年形成自我同一性的道路将更加曲折，新旧政治体制的更替、传统与现代因素的此消彼长、全球文化价值模式的碰撞、     

树立和落实科学发展观——未成年人思想道德建设笔谈：关注未成年人思想道德建设

青少年是祖国未来的建设者，是中国社会主义事业的接班人，目前其整体素质呈现良好的发展态势，然而也存在一些问题，如一些青少年社会公德、理想信仰困惑，部分青少年沉迷网络，青少年心理健康问题开始突出，中小学生存在非正常缀学现象，家庭教育急功近利，独生子女成长出现新情况等。因此，青少年思想道德建设要改进家庭教育和学校教育方法，构筑青少年思想道德教育的社会支持系统。要贴近实际、贴近生活的各种社会生活素质的培养，提高青少年对主流思想道德体系的认同程度。在具体工作中，要以科学精神为主导，为造就创新型人才提供力量源泉。     

社交媒体对少数民族青少年民族认同的影响

社交媒体的崛起极大地改变了人们的思想观念、生活方式及行为习惯,对于价值理念还未成熟、民族认同意识尚未健全的少数民族青少年来说尤为如此。基于认知行为理论,将民族认同划分为民族认知、民族情感、民族行为三个维度进行的研究发现,在少数民族青少年身份认同、民族文化认同、个人行为情感、群体行为情感、语言文字、饮食服饰、社会参与中社交媒体对少数民族青少年民族认同产生影响。     

青少年偏差行为形成与再造——一种日常社会互动中反抗与适应

青少年偏差行为产生于其与学校、同辈群体、社会工作机构及工读学校等要素在日常社会互动过程中的反抗与适应。学校的"推力"导致青少年"脱嵌"于正式的社会规范;同辈群体的"拉力"帮助偏差青少年获得自我认同,并对偏差行为起到"整合"的作用;社会工作机构、工读学校对青少年偏差行为具有巩固作用。因此,青少年偏差行为的形成经历了"脱嵌—整合—再造"的过程。     

青年农民工的身份认同和政治参与

在城市化过程中,青年农民工面临着身份危机。为了实现身份认同,青年农民工需要进行身份重塑,经由身份重塑实现身份认同是青年农民工个体获得明确身份地位的一次飞跃。除了实现身份认同,青年农民工还应通过政治参与的方式来融入社会,获得社会认同。由身份认同到社会认同是青年农民工在社会化过程中的第二次飞跃。     

Is there a European social work identity?

The aim of this paper is to examine whether at this point in time the notion of a ‘European social work identity’ can be sustained. The paper commences with some brief consideration of theories of identity, and particularly draws attention to social constructionist identity theory, highlighting its focus on identity as a process. Ideas about what constitutes ‘collective identity’ are then examined. From this, two particular models of collective identity are presented which are helpful for understanding cultural identities. These are the more ‘traditional’ notion of collective culture being evidenced by the presence of shared histories and traditions, and the more social constructionist view of collective processes and action to form identities – whether imposed by the state or generated by the people – as constitutive of identities in themselves. ‘European identity’, and then ‘European social work identity’, will then be examined using these models of collective identity. The paper concludes that using social constructionist versions of identity (identity as a process of collectivisation), European social work identity can certainly be established.     

Picturing social work,puzzles and passion: exploring and developing transnational professional identities

ABSTRACT

Exploring and in turn developing professional identity is a challenge faced by social work programmes, nationally and internationally. This paper developed from the authors’ shared research interest in how social workers and students of social work develop and express their professional identities. We report findings from a workshop designed to explore how a group of social workers from different countries conceptualised social work identity, including the effects of transnational and cultural contexts. Our starting point drew on theoretical concepts developed in Wiles’s research, in which the term professional identity is used to convey multiple meaning, and the method developed in Vicary’s research which uses drawing to elicit data. We found that a collective identity is shared across national boundaries albeit, and ironically, that this shared identity has components that are not cohesive and are continually being redefined. In the participants’ own words, the notion of social work identity is always just out of reach conceptually, or ‘over the horizon’. Tensions in identity were also revealed, alongside a sense of passion or deep commitment. These findings complement and add to the existing literature on exploring and developing professional identity in social work.     

Social Workers as Boundary Spanners: Reframing our Professional Identity for Interprofessional Practice

One of the more difficult tasks for social work educators is socializing students into a professional identity. Social identity theory provides a lens to consider what is needed for a social work identity that will continue to be salient for students as they move into practice. Framing social workers as boundary spanners might offer students a professional identity that is congruent with core values, reflects what social workers do and places less emphasis on old debates about the profession. It also positions students well for work in the increasingly interprofessional realms of health and social care. I consider how social workers are well equipped to meet the demand created by ‘joined-up working’ for people with boundary-spanning expertise. Seeing ourselves as boundary spanners is one way to reconcile our professional and interprofessional identities, thereby increasing the chances that our students will continue to identify as social workers when they move into interprofessional practice.     

Identity,impairment and disablement: exploring the social processes impacting identity change in adults living with acquired neurological impairments

The social model of disability acknowledges the impact of impairments but argues that disablement is socially constructed. Taking a theoretical perspective, underpinned by the social model of disability and elements of social identity theory, we investigated the relationship between impairment, disablement and identity change in adults living with an acquired neurological impairment. Through the thematic analysis, three themes emerged: changing self described the personal factors for identity change in people acquiring impairment; changing communities explored the contextual factors creating both socially constructed disablement and identity change; and influencing identity change considered strategies adopted by individuals to both counter socially constructed disablement and promote exploration of identity. A systemic change towards acknowledgement and valuing a disabled identity may counter socially constructed disablement and support enablement and social inclusivity.     

‘Not Easily Put Into a Box’: Constructing Professional Identity

Researching the interplay between social work students' personal and professional identities, I found that, in talking about becoming professionals, students drew on a wide range of discourses. Three common usages of the term ‘professional identity’ are explored here: it can be thought of in relation to desired traits; it can also be used in a collective sense to convey the ‘identity of the profession’. Taking a more subjective approach, professional identity can be regarded as a process in which each individual comes to have a sense of themselves as a social worker. I argue that the variations in students' talk reflect a wide range of cultural understandings that are prevalent within the social work community and society in general, and conclude that professional identity is more complicated than adopting certain traits or values, or even demonstrating competence. The different meanings of professional identity all have something to offer, providing resources for students as they construct themselves as social workers. This is important for social work education because it acknowledges the dynamic nature of professional identity, highlights the difficult identity work which each student must undertake, and prompts us to consider how this process might best be supported.     

Travelling concepts and crossing paths: a conceptual history of identity

The concept of identity is ubiquitous in public discourse even though its meaning is often imprecise or nebulous – it is maybe because of this that its contents can be taken for granted. One speaks of individual, personal, group, social, collective and political identity; of identity formation, crisis, diffusion, conflict and politics; a multiple identity may be pathological or a component of an integrated identity; culture and ideology but also knowledge and experience supposedly enrich identity; identity may be rigid or open to development and growth – and so on. Against this background the present paper explores the argumentative uses of the concept of identity in psychoanalysis and in social psychology and sociology.     

COLLECTIVE MOBILIZATION AND IDENTITY FROM THE UNDERGROUND: The Deployment of "Oppositional Capital" in the Harm Reduction Movement

Within social movement literature, the concept of collective identity is used to discuss the process through which political activists create in-group cohesion and distinguish themselves from society at large. Newer approaches to collective identity focus on the negotiation of boundaries as social movement agents interact with social structural forces. However, in their adoption of a perspective that holds identity as a process, these social movement studies neglect the more tangible cultural elements that actors manipulate when they express collective identity. This research project adopts a subcultural perspective in the Birmingham tradition to address the question of how social movement actors reapporpriate symbolic expressions of identity and what meaning systems they draw from that enable them to redefine "stigmatization" as "status" This article offers the concept of "oppositional capital" as a general framework for analyzing the symbolic work that social movement actors perform in their expressions of collective identity. For the purposes of analysis, the primary elements of oppositional symbolic expressions are divided into the four categories of distinction, antagonism, political activism, and popular cultural aesthetics. This article applies the concept of oppositional capital to representations of collective identity of a radical branch of political activism within the social movement of harm reduction. Specifically, it analyzes the zine, Junkphood to describe how actors within this social movement cohort are able to present their collective identity as part of an alternative status system by drawing from an economy of signs that are generally recognized as oppositional.     

The Role of Criminal Social Identity in the Relationship between Criminal Friends and Criminal Thinking Style within a Sample of Recidivistic Prisoners

Previous research suggests a direct relationship between criminal friends and criminal thinking style; however, social identity theory proposes that identity mediates the impact of social group members on development of thinking styles. This research project is the first attempt to empirically test the mediating role of criminal social identity in the development of criminal thinking styles within a recidivistic prison sample (N = 312). The structural equation model of criminal thinking style presented and tested in this study supports the central predictions of social identity theory, with findings demonstrating an indirect effect of antisocial friend associations on criminal thinking through in-group affect and in-group ties with criminal in-group members that reflect two of three dimensions of the measure of criminal social identity applied in the current study. Further implications in relation to theory and previous studies are discussed.     

Perspectives on How Social Business Can Engender Work Identity Among People with Mental Illness

ABSTRACT

Social businesses use market strategies to advance the employment and economic situation of people with mental illness who have experienced high levels of social marginalization. They have the potential to achieve these goals by fostering the work identity of the workers within the business, and to themselves acquire an identity as a viable commercial entity that contributes to the prosperity and social fabric of the local community. This study used in-depth case study methods enhanced by comparisons with international social businesses to understand the processes by which social businesses influence work identity. Six business processes that are salient to the development of a strong work identity were identified. Eight propositions for how work identity can be supported by social businesses are offered. The propositions may be useful as a guide for the development of social businesses that are organized and implemented to positively develop work identity, regardless of the nature of the business model.     

Intersecting Sexual,Gender, and Professional Identities Among Social Work Students: The Importance of Identity Integration

ABSTRACT

Discrimination toward lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) social work students can negatively affect academic performance and personal and professional identity development. Intersectionality is a conceptual approach that states that social identities interact to form different meanings and experiences from those that could be explained by a single identity. This study explored how the educational experiences of LGBTQ social work students in the United States and Canada influenced their professional and personal identities. Using an intersectional analysis, three major themes emerged: the need for social work programs to better promote LGBTQ identity and emerging social work professional identity integration, a lack of LGBTQ content in the curriculum, and unsupportive LGBTQ school climates. Implications for social work education are considered.