Judicial Credibility in the We-media Era: Rationality,Constituent Elements and Construction

We-media’s influence on judicial credibility has become increasingly apparent in the changing modes of information communication. Interpretation of a sample of influential lawsuits in the light of reason will reveal the core elements shaping the public’s judgements on criminal cases, including both internal elements centering on trust, reputation and interaction and external elements centering on transaction costs. Our quantitative assessment of the role of trust, reputation and interaction in the public’s views on criminal justice plus a comparison of the differences between their understanding and that of grassroots legal officials reflect the fact that underlying these rational choices is the clouding of judicial credibility due to contravention of the rules of justice. If we are to build judicial credibility, it is essential that we establish a sound relationship between the public and the criminal justice system, a relationship based on upholding the idea of rule of law and respecting the rules of justice.     

法制下法治与法治下法制

法制下法治和法治下法制是两种不同的社会存在。法制下法治之治理主体单一,法治下法制治理主体多元;法制下法治依赖国家法正义观支持,法治下法制依赖多维正义观支持;法制下法治以人为治理客体,法治下法制则以人和法律同为治理客体。在特定历史阶段,法制下法治曾经起过积极的作用;但是随着社会发展,民主勃兴和社会转型的逐步推进,法制下法治已经成为中国法制建设的瓶颈,应为法治下法制的理论和实践所突破。法治下法制是多元法律规则并存于社会与依法办事之法治原则的结晶。通过各种法规则的冲突、互动和整合,法治自然会从理想走向现实。     

经济全球化与法律的共通性

加入WTO后,中国经济的发展将不可避免地融入经济全球化的浪潮。经济全球化也必将给法律制度的发展带来深刻的影响。在经济全球化的背景下,各国法律制度、特别是经济贸易法律制度将逐渐表现出共通性。探索经济全球化与法律共通性的命题成为国际经济法学研究、比较法研究的重要课题。     

China’s Choice of Analytical Models for Its Anti-Monopoly Law

Modern analytical models for anti-monopoly laws are a core element of the application of those laws. Since the Anti-Monopoly Law of the People’s Republic of China was promulgated in 2008, law enforcement and judicial authorities have applied different analytical models, leading to divergent legal and regulatory outcomes as similar cases receive different verdicts. To select a suitable analytical model for China’s Anti-Monopoly Law, we need to consider the possible contribution of both economic analysis and legal formalism and to learn from the mature systems and experience of foreign countries. It is also necessary to take into account such binding constraints as the current composition of China’s anti-monopoly legal system, the ability of implementing agencies and the supply of economic analysis, in order to ensure complementarity between the analytical model chosen and the complexity of economic analysis and between the professionalism of implementing agencies and the cost of compliance for participants in economic activities. In terms of institutional design, the models should provide a considered explanation of the legislative aims of the law’s provisions. It is necessary, therefore, to establish a processing model of behavioral classification that is based on China’s national conditions, applies analytical models using normative comprehensive analysis, makes use of the distribution rule of burden of proof, improves supporting systems related to analytical models and enhances the ability of public authorities to implement the law.     

试论正确处理弱势群体权利保护中的几种关系

在弱势群体权利保护过程中,弱势群体的利益是否会与公共利益发生冲突?公共权力能否干涉弱势群体的权利?救助弱势群体是否只是社会的责任?在宪政法治条件下是否需要法制强权?要解决这些问题,必须以构建社会主义“和谐社会”作为时代背景,正确处理弱势群体利益与公共利益的关系;弱势群体权利与公共权力的关系;自我救助与社会救助的关系;宪政法治与法制强权的关系。     

论经济法的中观归属

法律体系和部门法之间存在一个中观层次,并且随着社会的发展,社会利益观念的建立和政策性平衡的产生,中观结构要素中除了公法和私法之外又产生了社会法.公法、私法、社会法在调整对象、调整方式、法律本位、法律价值等方面存在着区别.经济法以社会利益为调整对象,以政策性平衡为调整方式,以社会本位为法律本位,以维护社会经济总体效益为法律价值.上述四个特征与社会法相一致,因此经济法在中观层次上归属于社会法.     

行政主体义务设定的失衡及价值选择

行政主体义务设定是指行政主体在行政执法的过程中为相对一方当事人确定禁止规则或强加负担的行为 ,它是行政权的延伸。与其它类型的行政权行使一样 ,义务设定必须符合法定条件 ,同时又要符合行政合理原则 ,这也是行政法治、依法行政的要求。然而 ,行政法治实践中行政主体义务设定的失衡现象非常普遍 ,如对程序负责不对实体负责的失衡 ,以经济利益为重而以社会利益为轻的失衡等。因此 ,必须探讨义务设定中的合理价值选择 ,即有利于建立法律秩序、有利于实现公民权、有利于行政管理过程有效实现、充分体现行政伦理准则等四个方面的价值选择。     

论合同法的诚实信用原则

诚实信用原则是市场经济活动中所形成的一项法律化的道德规范,其本质上是一种为寻求市场利益公平的法律伦理,具有道德规范性、法律规范性和双重功能性等主要特征.作为一种基本的商业道德和合同法的基本原则,诚实信用原则贯穿于合同订立、合同履行、合同终止和合同解释等合同行为的全过程.     

依法治国必须弘扬正义法精神

由依法治国、依法治省到依法治市 (县、乡 )的全面依法治理 ,标志着中国已经实现了治国方式的重大转型。然而 ,由于对法治精神与原则把握和贯彻上的误区和障碍 ,却出现了工具主义、实用主义和懈怠主义倾向 ,使依法治理严重偏离法治目标。为此 ,必须对法治条件下的正义法精神予以重申和弘扬。这种体现时代要求的正义法精神 ,在价值导向上 ,以自由和平等为至上关怀 ;在规范形式上 ,以权利本位为基本模式取向 ;在制度理想上 ,以民主化法制为目标追求。只有弘扬正义法精神 ,才能克服依法治理过程中的不良倾向而使其沿着正确轨道走向法治 ,也才能实现法律规范体系与法的时代精神的耦合 ,从而建立起内在自觉、普遍有效的理性法治秩序 ,推动法治国家早日建立     

"The law has no feeling for poor folks like us!" Everyday responses to legal compulsion in England's working-class communities, 1871-1904

During the late Victorian period, the role of the state increased dramatically in England's working-class urban communities. New laws on labor, health, and education, enforced by a growing bureaucracy of elected and appointed officials, extended the reach of public authority into daily life on an unprecedented scale. Everyday negotiations between these officials and working-class men and women, I argue, were key moments for determining the practical impact of new social welfare policies. This was particularly true in the contestation over children's compulsory school attendance, as I demonstrate through a close examination of the daily encounters between parents and education officials. Despite the growing size and authority of the Victorian state, working-class parents effectively mitigated the impact of the compulsory education laws on their families. They were able to do so because the categories that governed the level of enforcement—age, household economic status, health, and labor—were themselves determined through daily dialogues between parents and education officials. Parents' familiarity with the law and with the dynamics of the public education bureaucracy were key factors in these negotiations, as were internal fractures within the Victorian state itself. Working-class parents, and mothers in particular, also countered officials' moral policy justifications with their own discourse of right and wrong, which focused on the legitimacy of parental authority, an insistence on just treatment, and the elevation of household needs over the laws' requirements.     

秦朝法治失败原因的理性思考

秦朝法治失败的原因既有法治观念上的偏颇也有法治实践中的失误。而封建专制主义的恶性膨胀以及对儒家法文化的摈弃 ,从而未能构建适合中国封建社会实践需要的法文化模式 ,则是其文化根源。     

Globalisation and the Politics of Persuasion and Coercion

This paper argues that an economic liberal discourse of globalisation has been pivotal to the policy‐making process in Australia over the past 15 or so years. Both Labor and Coalition Governments have aimed to restrict the electoral fall‐out from the process of restructuring by persuading Australians that the world economy has forced particular policy changes and made alternative economic policy choices unviable. Policy‐makers act to influence conceptions of the appropriate role and responsibilities of the state through persuasion – the rhetoric they speak – and coercion – the policies they make. The pervasiveness of globalisation rhetoric in the public sphere has been essential to the governing process as a complement to and buffer for the coercive impact of economic liberal policy changes. As Australia has shifted from a protectionist to an economically liberal policy structure, the effects of globalisation have become clearer. Liberalisation has intensified pressures from the world political economy and coerced changes in all areas of policy and the economy, as well as in public perceptions about the ‘limits of government’. Globalisation and economic liberalism as persuasion and coercion are the component parts of a restructured system of political and economic governance: a paradigmatic shift away from the economic protectionism of the first 80 years of Australian federalism.     

辩证管理与企业发展——企业经营管理的哲学思考

企业是一个有机整体。作为社会的公器 ,企业与社会又构成一个整体。这种二重整体性决定了企业经营管理必须从企业内部的有机联系以及企业与社会的有机联系出发 ,运用辩证思想对企业进行管理。这既是解决目前我国企业发展中所存在问题的需要 ,更是中国加入WTO后经济得以顺利发展的需要     

法律规范与法律规则--凯尔森与哈特的法律概念之比较

凯尔森和哈特对法律的概念有不同理解,凯尔森将规范作为法律的上位概念,而哈特则将规则作为法律的上位概念,法律规范和法律规则分别是他们认识法律的基本概念。凯尔森通过规范的观念强调了法律作为一个独立的逻辑体系的存在,奠定了法律科学独立的基础;哈特则通过规则的观念强调了法律同现实生活的密切联系,使法哲学在西方学术界重新恢复了活力。通过法律规范和法律规则的概念分析,对两位分析法学名家的理论可以有进一步的理解。     

多元权利基础、公权力权威与良法之治

推进中国法治进程 ,并不仅仅是法律制度的简单植入或法律体系的建构 ,也不仅仅是“依法治理”对秩序的促动 ,而关键在于重构国家与市民社会的良性互动关系。即大力推进市民社会自主性 ,以多元社会权利来平衡和制约国家权力 ,缩减国家权力职能和建立其合法性权威 ,并弘扬正义法精神以实现良法之治。只有这样 ,以权力制约和权利保障为核心取向的法治秩序才能最终确立起来。     

线状法律控制模式与网状法律控制模式--我国新时期法治建设的误区与必然走向

我国新时期的法治理论与实践,虽大力弘扬依法办事的理想法治状态,但法律控制模式却是一种纵向的线状控制模式,其实效要以人性善作为最终保障,仍是一种人治模式.西方的法律控制模式是一种纵横交错的网状控制模式,其实效以人性恶作为动力和支撑.网状控制模式是西方法治的经验结晶,是法治的生命形式,是市场经济的必然要求,因而也是我国法治的必然走向.     

对我国国有企业改革法规政策变迁的回顾与思考

国有企业改革作为整个经济体制改革的重要环节,与建立健全社会主义市场经济体制和完善中国特色社会主义法律体系相伴而行的。从法规政策角度回顾国有企业改革的实践经验,有利于推进国有企业改革的法治建设进程。     

设置行政公诉的价值目标与制度构想(英文)

中国正处于社会转型期，社会矛盾和利益纠纷呈高发态势，通过厉行法治，保证行政权正确行使，是预防、减少和妥善应对社会风险的良策。由于行政诉讼在制度架构方面的缺陷，其制度功能发挥并不充分。设置行政公诉制度，应当成为完善行政诉讼制度的一个重要选择。它具有监督和促进依法行政、引导市民社会生成、化解社会矛盾等多方面的价值，也是完善中国特色检察制度的应有之义。建立行政公诉，应当从理念和制度建构等不同层面予以设计。     

Rule of Law Construction and Assessment at the Local Level

Going beyond the analytical model of the holistic state in rule of law discussion, we can classify the rule of law into national and local levels based on the stages and increments of its execution. The phenomenon of the local rule of law reflects the stages and incremental progress of building a rule of law China. It has a realistic foundation in society and a profound basis in legal theory. Comprehensively advancing the rule of law in China necessitates giving encouragement and support to construction of the rule of law at the local level. The attempts and experiments of local government enable us to explore and innovate the developmental model of the socialist rule of law with Chinese characteristics. The rule of law at the local level is embodied in three dimensions: “text—action—concept.” Assessment mechanisms and indicators for the local construction of the rule of law should also be established in accordance with this framework. The building of the rule of law at the local level should be synchronized with assessment of the rule of law. We need to optimize top-level design, conduct evaluations of local legislation, improve local rule of law work performance assessment and use a rule of law index to assess the local rule of law in an overall manner.     

行政强制设定权的原则与规则

作者认为,我国行政强制设定权的基本原则是行政强制权与行政职权的关系,行政强制设定权与宪法和法律所确立的法律制度基本框架的关系,行政强制权与公民、法人合法权益的关系,行政强制与现代法治理念的关系。而行政强制设定应当遵守的法律规则有授权规则,权利规则,时限规则,事项规则,补充规则。