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1.
Using recent data from three national-level surveys conducted in 1995, 2000, and 2004, we provide evidence that Palestinian
fertility rates in the West Bank and Gaza Strip, historically among the highest in the world, began to slow especially in
the West Bank, but stalled in Gaza during the recent Intifada. The TFR in the early 2000s was 4.6 per woman, down from 6.2
a decade earlier. However, most of the decline in Gaza’s fertility appears to have taken place during the early 1990s, before
the onset of the second Intifada. In Gaza, the TFR decreased from 7.4 to 5.7 during the 1990s, but changed only slightly to
5.6 during the second Intifada period. Surprisingly, contraceptive prevalence has not changed during these years, and the
transition to lower fertility was mainly due to changes in nuptiality. Demand for children remains high, although there is
evidence of unmet need for contraception. The continuing conflict and worsening economic situation provide clues to the persistence
of high fertility among Palestinian women.
相似文献
Marwan KhawajaEmail: |
2.
We examine the long-run effects of the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) social security scheme on fertility and welfare of individuals
in an overlapping generations model, assuming that child-care services are available in the market. We show that the impact
of a tax increase on fertility depends on the relative magnitudes of the standard intergenerational redistribution effect
through the social security system, the (implicit) subsidy effect through tax-exemption of child rearing at home, and the
price effect through changes in the relative price of market child care, and that if parental child-rearing time is inelastic,
a tax cut could bring about a Pareto-improving allocation.
相似文献
Akira Yakita (Corresponding author)Email: |
3.
Alfonso Miranda 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):67-81
This paper examines how education and family background affect the fertility plans of young individuals in Mexico. Quantile
regression for count data is used for the analysis. Results indicate that education and family structure affect planned fertility
only at the tails of the conditional distribution. Education reduces planned fertility only among women with relatively strong
preferences towards children. An absent father reduces planned fertility mostly at the bottom of the conditional distribution.
相似文献
Alfonso MirandaEmail: |
4.
In studying the complex determinants of human fertility, social scientists have given little attention to population density,
although reproduction has been shown to be density-dependent for a wide variety of other species. Using fixed effects models
on the time series of 145 countries and controlling for key social and economic variables, we find a consistent and significant
negative relationship between human fertility and population density. Moreover, we find that individual fertility preferences
also decline with population density. These findings suggest that population density should be included as a variable in future
studies of fertility determinants.
相似文献
Wolfgang LutzEmail: |
5.
Eric Neumayer 《Population and environment》2006,27(4):327-336
Some neo-Malthusians regard fertility as being kept in check by scarcities and constraints and, conversely, as being raised by economic prosperity. Since out-migration to developed countries and the receipt of food aid from developed countries relax the constraints imposed by a country’s carrying capacity, both will have a positive effect on fertility rates in developing countries. Moreover, better economic prospects will also raise fertility, all other things equal. This article provides an empirical test of these hypotheses derived from a neo-Malthusian theory of fertility change. The results fail to confirm the theory and often contradict it.
相似文献
Eric NeumayerEmail: Fax: +44-207-9557412 |
6.
This paper analyses the relation between public pensions, fertility and child care in a closed-economy overlapping generations
model with endogenous fertility. It is shown that raising a child involves two social externalities and that it is optimal
to introduce child allowances if the government redistributes income from the young to the old. The optimal child allowance
rises when longevity increases. If the costs of raising children depend positively on the wage, a third externality arises
and the returns to savings should be taxed.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
7.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
8.
The impact of family policies on fertility in industrialized countries: a review of the literature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anne H. Gauthier 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(3):323-346
This paper examines the theoretical propositions and empirical evidence linking policies and fertility. More specifically,
the analysis presented in this paper draws attention to the complex mechanisms that theoretically link policies and demographic
outcomes: mechanisms that involve imperfect information and decisions that are rationally bound by very specific circumstances.
As to the empirical evidence, studies provide mixed conclusions as to the effect of policies on fertility. While a small positive
effect of policies on fertility is found in numerous studies, no statistically significant effect is found in others. Moreover,
some studies suggest that the effect of policies tends to be on the timing of births rather than on completed fertility.
相似文献
Anne H. GauthierEmail: |
9.
10.
Steve Bradley Mirko Draca Colin Green Gareth Leeves 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(3):547-569
Indigenous groups are amongst the most disadvantaged minority groups in the developed world. This paper examines the educational
disadvantage of indigenous Australians by assessing academic performance at a relatively early age. We find that, by the age
of 10, indigenous Australians are substantially behind non-indigenous Australians in academic achievement. Their relative
performance deteriorates further over the next 2 years. School and locality do not appear to be important determinants of
the indigenous to non-indigenous achievement gap. However, geographic remoteness, indigenous ethnicity and language use at
home have a marked influence on educational achievement. A current focus of Australian indigenous policy is to increase school
resources. Our results suggest that this will not eliminate indigenous educational disadvantage on its own.
相似文献
Gareth Leeves (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
Mário Jorge Cardoso de Mendonça Adolfo Sachsida Paulo R. A. Loureiro 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):593-610
Forest burning stands as a highly used practice in the Brazilian Amazon Forest. Burning trees is the cheapest way to expand agricultural frontiers in the Amazon region. Nevertheless, the smoke generated in this process can produce undesirable negative effects, in particular health-induced problems by the polluted air. This study aims to investigate whether these effects on the health of the region’s population are statistically significant, using as variables mortality and morbidity rates associated with respiratory diseases. The estimated morbidity model was used to estimate the health damage to those people who became ill only by the fire.
相似文献
Paulo R. A. Loureiro (Corresponding author)Email: Phone: +55-61-3405550Fax: +55-13474797 |
12.
The earned income tax credit and fertility 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Government programs designed to provide income safety nets often restrict eligibility to families with children, creating
an unintended fertility incentive. This paper considers whether dramatically changing incentives in the earned income tax
credit affect fertility rates in the USA. We use birth certificate data spanning the period 1990 to 1999 to test whether expansions
in the credit influenced birthrate among targeted families. While economic theory would predict a positive fertility effect
of the program for many eligible women, our results indicate that expanding the credit produced only extremely small reductions in higher order fertility among white women.
相似文献
Stacy Dickert-Conlin (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
“Backslanted X” fertility dynamics and macroeconomics 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Yishay D. Maoz 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):159-172
A large number of pairs of countries exhibit a dynamic pattern in which: (1) Fertility in both countries declines across time;
(2) initially, one country has a higher fertility and a lower per-capita income than the other; and (3) in time, as per-capita
incomes converge, fertility rates in the poorer country become lower than in the richer one. This article documents the prevalence
of such dynamics and offers a theoretical model in which these dynamics emerge endogenously. Assuming differences in the degree
of utility substitution between consumption and rearing children across countries generates all three components of these
dynamics.
相似文献
Yishay D. MaozEmail: |
14.
The effect of longevity on schooling and fertility: evidence from the Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Rodrigo R. Soares 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):71-97
This paper presents microevidence on the effect of adult longevity on schooling and fertility. Higher longevity is systematically
associated with higher schooling and lower fertility. The paper looks at the 1996 Brazilian Demographic and Health Survey
and constructs an adult longevity variable based on the mortality history of the respondent's family. Families with histories
of high adult mortality in previous generations have systematically higher fertility and lower schooling. These effects are
not associated with omitted variables and remain unchanged after a large array of factors is accounted for (demographic characteristics,
family-specific child mortality, regional development, socioeconomic status, etc.).
相似文献
Rodrigo R. SoaresEmail: |
15.
Empirical studies in the migration literature have shown that enclaves (networks) negatively affect the language proficiency
of migrants. Most of these studies do not address the choice of location as a function of language skills. Using data on Mexican
migration to the US, we show that migrants choose smaller networks as their English language proficiency improves.
相似文献
Ira N. Gang (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
The economic determinants of ethnic assimilation 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Carmel U. Chiswick 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):859-880
A human capital model is developed that distinguishes between ethnic-specific skills (applicable only to a specific indigenous
or immigrant group) and shared or general skills. An important determinant of assimilation is the extent to which these two
forms of human capital are complements, thus promoting both assimilation and ethnic persistence, or anti-complements, promoting
either assimilation or ethnic retention but not both. Implications of the model are developed for various applications including
intermarriage, the effects of group size, language and religion as a basis for ethnic mergers, and the transfer society as
a potential barrier to assimilation.
相似文献
Carmel U. ChiswickEmail: |
17.
Child mortality, fertility, and human capital accumulation 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Leonid V. Azarnert 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):285-297
This article analyzes the impact of decline in child mortality on fertility and economic growth. The study shows that the timing of mortality relative to education is crucial to implications of mortality decline. If child mortality is realized before education starts, an exogenous decline in child mortality leads to a decline in education—a finding that is opposite to those of studies that considered a decline in mortality after the cost of education has been incurred. The work also demonstrates the role of parental human capital in reducing child mortality and the causal link between rising education and declining child mortality.
相似文献
Leonid V. AzarnertEmail: |
18.
Jungmin Lee 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):855-875
This study estimates the trade-off between child quantity and quality by exploiting exogenous variation in fertility under
son preferences. Under son preferences, both sibling size and fertility timing are determined depending on the first child’s
gender, which is random as long as parents do not abort girls at their first childbearing. For the sample South Korean households,
I find strong evidence of unobserved heterogeneity in preferences for child quantity and quality across households. The trade-off
is not as strong as observed cross-sectional relationships would suggest. However, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity,
a greater number of siblings have adverse effects on per-child investment in education, in particular, when fertility is high.
相似文献
Jungmin LeeEmail: |
19.
Lauren Hale Julie DaVanzo Abdur Razzaque Mizanur Rahman 《Journal of Population Research》2009,26(1):3-20
Infant and child mortality rates have decreased substantially in Matlab, Bangladesh, as they have in many developing areas.
We use data from the Matlab Demographic Surveillance System on nearly 94,000 singleton live births that occurred between 1987
and 2002 to investigate the extent to which the change in mortality over this period can be explained by changes in reproductive
patterns and socio-economic characteristics. We estimate Cox proportional hazards models for four subperiods of infancy and
childhood. Changes over time in reproductive patterns (maternal age, parity, and pregnancy spacing) and in the socio-economic
characteristics we consider (e.g. maternal education, SES) explain between 10 and 40% of the decline in mortality rates. Changes
in maternal education explain the largest portion of the reduction in infant and child mortality over time that we are able
to explain, followed by reductions in the incidence of short interpregnancy intervals. In the other direction, decreases in
fertility over time led to increases in the proportion of births that were first births, putting upward pressure on mortality.
相似文献
Lauren HaleEmail: |
20.
This paper studies child mortality and fertility in 61 developing countries including the Central Asian Republics (CARs). To control for simultaneity, an estimated value of fertility was used in the mortality equation and a final specification included only exogenous socio-economic, health and environmental variables. We confirm the importance of female literacy in explaining both fertility and mortality, and also find a measure of consumption for the poorest share of the population to be significant, while controlling for nutrition, health expenditure, and income distribution. Incidence of tuberculosis and female agricultural population proxy for environmental impacts, but in spite of these controls, approximately 41% additional mortality was estimated due to living in the CARs. The results fill gaps in the literature: we use a wider range of socio-economic and environmental health variables than previously in an encompassing analysis of mortality and fertility, and find evidence of excessive mortality in the CARs most likely linked to environmental degradation in the region.
相似文献
Jennifer S. FranzEmail: |