论社会工作在社区建设中的作用

本文从社会工作的视角,从社会工作价值观和社会工作方法两方面论述了社会工作在推进我国社区建设中的意义,为进一步提升社区建设水平提供参考。     

发展社区组织,完善社区养老功能

针对成都市老年人的人口特点及养老服务中存在的资金缺口大、服务人员缺乏、服务项目少、社会化程度低及年青人敬老爱老观念淡薄的现状,提出坚持政府为主导,政府除做好财政支持和监管工作和基础建设外,更重要的是整合社区资源,调动社区民间组织积极性,开展丰富的养老服务形式,倡导敬老爱老的社区文化的解决措施,完善社区居住、文体教育、互助的功能,使社区养老模式不仅解决养老的困难还起到丰富老年人的精神生活,提高老年人生活质量的作用。     

The Organization of Health Policy Functions in the German Federal Government

This article gives an account of the organizational history of the German federal ministry of health (and its predecessors) since the beginnings of public policy intervention in health care. In doing so it analyses the role of ministerial organization and examines the functional and political rationale underlying acts of reorganizing the tasks and resources of federal ministries. This analysis has two sides: the first concerns the expressive function of organizational form, as revealing something about the scope and perceived importance of the policy field, while the second interrogates the policy‐shaping role of organization and the political influence of the federal health ministry in health policy‐making. The article thus considers the organizational location of health issues in the central executive from the perspective of what it reveals about government goals and priorities. Then it examines possible policy implications. It looks at resources and the size of the ministry as a first attempt to learn something about the ministry's political weight. The question of policy implications draws our attention away from organization and resource allocation and back to a focus on policy‐making and policy outcomes. The final section therefore examines substantive policy implications that might have emanated from the organizational consolidation of the federal health ministry. It concludes that one such policy implication might be the erosion of the social insurance model as a regulatory idea in health‐care services and financing.     

从参与角色看中国社会工作实习教育的现状

社会工作实习教育需要多方互动,其中涉及到实习学生、实习教学者、实习机构、实习督导、服务对象、社会资源等参与角色。这些角色的扮演情况直接关系着社会工作实习教育的状况。     

社会工作在促进新市民群体融入城市中的角色定位

新市民群体是城市中一类特殊人群,他们由于自身知识技能的不足和城市人的社会排斥而难以融入城市社会,因而有强烈的自卑感。以助人自助为理念的社会工作对新市民群体的介入对他们提高自身技能和认知,消除市民和新市民之间的隔阂,以更好的融人城市生活十分有益。本文以天津市妇联城乡部新市民社区学习中心的社工服务为例,阐述嵌入式社会工作在促进新市民群体融入城市过程中的角色定位,以期探索行之有效的社工介入模式。     

The Geriatric Worker in a Community Mental Health Clinic:

Special geriatrics services are now a reality in many community mental health clinics, thus making it timely for clinicians and administrators to look at the problems faced by geriatric workers in that setting. This article addresses the problems in the worker's role by first comparing it to those of other special population mental health workers. Systemic difficulties and structural problems of the job are examined with emphasis on the worker's experiences and feelings. The author contends that the worker's issues parallel those of elderly clients. Solutions for changing negative aspects of the separate service role are discussed and their impact on service delivery described.     

社区党建的路径选择——一种社会学的思考

社区党组织建设是加强基层党组织建设和构建和谐社会的重要组成部分。但在社区的建设中也要强调社区的自组织,实现社区的内源性发展,这两者在一定程度上是相互冲突与矛盾的。与以往的关于社区党建的研究不同,本文关注社区党建与社区建设的博弈。对此,笔者从社会学的视角出发提出了一种全新的干预模式,以期实现社区发展与社区党建的协调。     

驻区单位与和谐社区建设

推进驻区单位参与社区建设是新时期社区建设与发展重要的内容。驻区单位与社区具有天然的依赖关系,驻区单位在参与社区建设方面也具有独特的优势,但目前两者之间的关系并不够和谐,主要原因有四个方面:一是社区的作用被忽视;二是驻区单位延续着传统的工作方式;三是驻区单位的功利取向;四是双方在资源上不对等性。新时期推进和谐社区建设需要寻找社区与驻区单位合作的新途径。     

论城市命运共同体哲学意蕴的三重向度

城市命运共同体作为人类命运共同体的子命题,二者同根同源。对人类命运共同体理论的探讨,启发了城市命运共同体的产生。文章通过马克思主义哲学范式中的人与自然、人与生产、人与社会三组关系模型,勾勒出城市命运共同体的自然、生产和社会三重向度。以历史唯物主义思想阐明城市命运共同体对人类命运共同体理论延续关系的同时,昭示着城市日益成为马克思主义哲学理论研究对象的趋势,启发了城市研究作为当代马克思主义哲学新的出场方式的可能性。     

Working in Multidisciplinary Community Mental Health Teams: The Impact on Social Workers and Health Professionals of Integrated Mental Health Care

Correspondence to Professor John Carpenter, Centre for Applied Social Studies, University of Durham, Elvet Riverside II, Durham DH1 3JT, UK. E-mail: J.S.W.Carpenter{at}dur.ac.uk Summary This study investigated the relationships between the organizationof community mental health services and professional and teamidentification, team functioning and the psychological well-beingand job satisfaction of staff working in multidisciplinary communitymental health teams (CMHTs). Staff in four districts in theNorth of England completed anonymous questionnaires on two occasions,twelve months apart. There were systematic differences in teamfunctioning, favouring teams in districts where mental healthand social care services were integrated. However, service organizationhad no evident impact on professional or team identificationor on outcomes for staff in terms of stress or job satisfaction.There were differences between social workers (n = 31) and healthservice professionals (n = 82) indicating that social workershad poorer perceptions of team functioning and experienced higherlevels of role conflict. Controlling for other factors includingthe study districts, role conflict was a significant predictorof stress and of job dissatisfaction, while role clarity promotedjob satisfaction. We conclude that support and supervision aimedat ensuring a social work contribution to multidisciplinaryworking should be provided in the course of establishing CMHTsand integrated health and social care services.     

推展社区志愿服务须注意的两个问题

目前,中国正处于大力推广社区建设、社区发展之时期,而社区服务则是社区发展的主题。在社区服务中,强调培育、规范社区志愿者组织,可以讲是促进社区发展的一个有效途径。对于如何培育、规范社区志愿者组织,笔者认为应该注意两个问题:一是避免出现行政化、政党化之倾向;二是尽快建立组织制度化,对之进行规范化。     

推展社区志愿服务须注意的两个问题

目前,中国正处于大力推广社区建设、社区发展之时期,而社区服务则是社区发展的主题。在社区服务中,强调培育、规范社区志愿者组织,可以讲是促进社区发展的一个有效途径。对于如何培育、规范社区志愿者组织,笔者认为应该注意两个问题:一是避免出现行政化、政党化之倾向;二是尽快建立组织制度化,对之进行规范化。     

论基层社区主要组织的功能定位

社区建设要求多主体或者说多个组织来共同完成。目前,社区建设的主体主要包括政府部门、社区居委会、社区中介组织、社区居民等。找准各主要组织的功能定位,对于和谐社区构建至关重要。     

The Organization of Decision-making and the Dynamics of Policy Drift: A Canadian Health Sector Example

This historical‐institutionalist case study of public–private change in the rehabilitation health sector in Ontario, Canada, seeks to build on literature about the politics of policy drift, particularly with respect to health care systems. Rather than turning to higher‐order institutional factors, such as federalism and overall financing agreements between states and the medical profession, or to economic indicators such as change in expenditures, however, it posits that the particularities of how welfare‐policy sectors are organized with respect to their decision‐making contribute to drift. Such organization is framed by two factors. The first is the set of rules by which the public–private boundary is drawn, and the second is the structuring of public institutions that set legislation and regulation, and organize the policy networks attendant on them, around these boundaries. The degree of coordination or fragmentation among these, this case suggests, is a factor in the politics and dynamics of drift.     

Local Voices in an Internal Market: The Case of Community Health Services*

This paper presents findings from a study of contract specification and implementation in community health services (CHS). In this paper, we focus on one aspect of that study: the role of local people in informing the assessment of health needs and in determining the provision of community health services in the context of the NHS “internal market”. The paper is based on fieldwork undertaken in three districts within one region. Analysis of data obtained from these localities suggests that while there appears to be a genuine commitment to the principle of local involvement, ideas about how that involvement can be built into the activities of either purchasers or providers are less transparent.     

国外社区心理健康服务及其对我国社区心理健康服务的借鉴

社区心理健康在发展国外相对完备,从国外社区心理健康的产生和发展、理论基础和服务体系出发,探讨其对我国社区心理健康服务的借鉴作用,最后对我国社区心理健康服务提出构想：政策的实际支持、提高公众的心理健康意识、建立完整的心理健康服务体系、加强其他部门合作。     

关于构建人类命运共同体的理论思考

本文首先分析了人类命运共同体构建的现实基础。这一理念的提出,不仅是对全球性问题日益严峻的回应,也是对崛起的中国如何处理与国际体系关系的回应。论文进而分析了人类命运共同体的历史阶段定位,以及构建人类命运共同体的基本原则和主要依据,最后初步设想了在全球、区域和双边层次建设人类命运共同体的具体路径。论文认为,人类命运共同体的建设必须遵循平等互利、合作共赢的基本原则,依据不同范围的复杂性,采取不同的秩序目标和合作形式,不急于追求高水平的一体化和制度化,而是着眼于建设具有高水平互信和相互认同的国家间共同体。     

From Community Organization to Direct Services: The Street Trans Action Revolutionaries to Sylvia Rivera Law Project

ABSTRACT

The literature on transgender social services is limited. Taking a case study approach, this article examines the needs of chronically underserved lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) populations, particularly homeless transgender street youth, and efforts of community-based organizations to address them. To consider their needs, this article considers the legacy of transgender activist Sylvia Rivera along with four organizations that grew out of her work: the Street Trans Action Revolutionaries, Sylvia's Place, Sylvia Rivera Law Project, and New Alternatives for LGBT Youth. These organizations show the promise for using multiple methods, from direct action to direct services, while connecting the lessons of social movements with social services. Future recommendations for improving research and services are highlighted.     

广州市越秀区社区健康教育的实践与探索

社区健康教育在促进社区居民健康,改善社区居民生活质量,以及在健康社区的建设中发挥着重要的作用。针对越秀区社区健康教育工作开展中面临的一些困难,广州市越秀区社区教育学院一院通过社区健康教育项目"健康直通车"的实施,将健康教育融入社区教育中,探索出有效促进社区健康教育发展的实践路径,通过对"健康直通车"项目实施成效的分析,提出了进一步推动越秀区社区健康教育发展的建议。