Distinction Between Variable Norm and Invariant Norm and Its Academic Significance——A Study Based on the Opposition Between Pragmatics and Norm

There have always been two opposite opinions on the relationship between pragmatics and language norm.Some scholars hold the opinions that language norm is not the shackles of language use,so language users can break the norm occasionally in order to achieve the purpose of communication.Other scholars believe that sticking to the norm is the presupposition of successful communication.According to them,the violation of norm is the negation of the function as well as the necessity of language norm.     

Communicative Testing of Oral Proficiency

The advent of the theory of communicative competence raised new issues for language teaching and testing. The importance of communicative ability is emphasized in language teaching. Therefore test that could reflect a student's communicative competence need to be constructed. Communicative testing is such a potentially effective approach. This paper is concerned with the theoretical basis of communicative testing, its distinguishing features and the construction of oral proficiency tests, so as to demonstrate how the theory of communicative testing is built into practical tests.     

Some Teaching Techniques That InvolveAnd Promote Metaphoric Intelligence

In 1983 Gardner put forward the theory of "multiple intelligences" . In the theory he argued that people vary in terms of eight types of intelligence. In 2001, a scholar named Jeanette Littlemore prompted to add the ninth type to the "multiple intelligence". On the shoulders of these giants, I argued that metaphoric intelligence is an important aspect of intelligence, and that it can contribute to language learning success. It is thought to play a role in communicative competence and communication strategy usage. A number of activities are suggested which are designed to exploit and promote metaphoric intelligence in the language classroom.     

Testing Reading Comprehension and the Use of Multiple-choice

Reading is one of the most important skills to acquire language knowledge. Reading ability is the most important way of measuring one's language ability. Learning how to read is very important. For most teachers and students, it is also important to get a clear understanding of reading and reading ability and their relation. This article is just written to solve this problem and discuss the use of the multiple - choice in reading comprehension test.     

E-mail Interaction in Foreign Language Learning

Ⅰ.E-mail and its application in SLAComputer technology is probably the fastest growingeducation phenomenon in the world history.Many educa-tors are endeavored to make computer networks a part oftheir teaching and their students’learning experi-ence.[1](P335)Among a number of the uses of computertechnology that are at disposal of foreign language teach-ers,electronic mail,especially its use in writing,israpidly gaining popularity.Email is a way of sending a message from one com-puter to one…     

Translation of Cultural Images in Lu Ding Ji

The paper adopts both macro and micro perspectives to discuss interpretation and transfer of cultural images in Lu Ding Ji.Plentiful cultural images contained in the novel reflect unique Chinese traditional culture and show people a mystic and fancy world of martial arts.The transformation of these cultural images,due to great differences between Chinese and Western cultures,has been a difficult point of translation.It is discussed that in the case of The Deer and the Cauldron,the translator transmits and interprets unique cultural images of martial arts with flexible use of translating strategies to try his best to achieve integration of transmission of culture and clear paraphrasing of meanings for the purpose of attractingTL readers with Chinese culture.     

“Chinese Character — Chinese Language”——the Regional Linguistic System: Developing Process and Current Situation

Linguistic civilization orientation is a necessity for all eras,with which the motivation,viable model and pragmatic hypothesis of the language can be formed."Chinese character— Chinese language"takes on different cultures in different regions, embodying the integration of language and civilization. As a result, in order to analyze linguistics, it is necessary for us to compare the Chinese language at home and abroad, and it is the linguistic construction based on the public. The modern Chinese language inherits the cultural connotation of the Chinese linguistics and answers the regional hypothesis and establishes the new linguistic system for the Chinese language in different regions.     

On the Gradualness by the Narrative Ambiguity in The Sound and The Fury

How to disambiguate the four narrators’narratives is the critical step to understand the whole work of The Sound and The Fury. With the gradualness produced by the ambiguous narrators’narration of juxtaposition of modern and traditional narration,another synchronized gradualness of Caddy is discovered,too. On the basis of deconstruction and psycho - analyses,rich and deep significance is illustrated by elucidation of narrative gradualness,as a new way to disambiguate the narrators’narration.     

Information in the Structure of Reality:the Scientific Worldview and the Fundamental Question of Philosophy

We offer a new understanding of the scientific world and the contents of the basic question of philosophy,which is based on an analysis of the phenomenon of the specific information in the various components of the structure of reality.It is shown that,in addition to material objects,processes,and events,in the real world are also intangible objects,processes and conditions that are in its information content.So the basic question of philosophy is proposed to treat the relationship as a tangible and intangible component of reality.More succinctly it can be formulated as the ratio of matter and information.This allows you to point to some new challenges studying the phenomenon of information in various components of the structure of reality.     

A Pietist, or A Sceptic——On Hawthorne‘s The Scarlet Letter and Puritanism Thought

The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne is a classical novel in American literature in the 19th century. Hawthorne is deeply influenced by Puritanism. His representative work, The Scarlet Letter, reflects the Calvinistic thought of "Original Sin". His novel also expresses his pious attitude with skepticism for ethics and morality of Puritanism. On one hand, Hawthorne strongly criticizes Calvinism for constraining human nature, and on the other hand, regards some social problems as the sake of evil human nature. He advocates the believers to clear themselves of guilt and to purify their hearts by penitence and kindness.     

To Learn Literature is to Learn Communication As Well A Comment on Postmodernism

Ⅰ.IntroductionAs a wide range ofliterarycritics have demonstrated,two of thebasic relationships lying at the core of postmodernist literature arethe dichotomybetween the author and his or her work(the dynamicofself-exposure)and that between the author,figure as dramatistnarrator and the reader,whobecomes as active participant in the or-deal ofcommunicatingimages and information.The latter is ofthe utmost importance for the destinyofthe nov-el as it is only via the flowof digressive dialogue w…     

The Three Stages of Teaching Reading

If we want to improve our way of teaching, one way is to teach reading in three stages: Pre - reading stage, while-reading stage, and post - reading stage. Each stage has a different goal and deals with different reading strategies. Pre -reading means before the text is read. In while reading stage, we have looked at the main reading skills: skimming, scanning , reading for detail , drawing inferences about the author's purpose and intention. Post - reading stage mainly focuses on the exploitation of the text. It aims to help the reader understand the content and structure of the text, as well as the author's purpose in writing it.     

Review and Outlook:the Research on Internet Communication in 2009

2009 is a fruitful year for the research on internet communication in China.This article will review and comment on papers from 20 different CSSCI journals which specialize in the field of internet communication. 1.Basic theory of internet communication Some researchers believe that the new media is a chaotic system.The spread of information based on new media is kind of circulation from order to disorder,then back to a new order.The results are unpredictable.Some researchers turn their attention to new...     

Some Advantageous Uses of Video in English Teaching

Video in language teaching has been serving as a very important part fro a period of time. While with the progress of the society, more and more technology of multimedia was adopted in English teaching. Video and these new technologies offers greatly increase the efficiency of training on students' communicative competence. This paper is about to discuss some useful characteristics in Video classes and some other multimedia supplement in English Teaching.     

Information Technology and the Construction of New English Teaching Model in China

The role that information technology plays in foreign language teaching is no longer confined to assisting teachers to impart knowledge. This paper aims at construction of new English teaching model based on information technology. The author adopted ethnographic research to observe 8 classes and the findings of this study suggest that until frontline teachers deepen their understanding of information technology and change their philosophy of teaching can a successful implementation of the new teaching model be ensured.     

Meaning Guessing Strategies in English Reading

In the course of reading we can guess or infer the meaning of some new words, difficult words or keywords through the information, logic, background knowledge and language structure, etc. and it is a very useful reading skill. When obtaining this kind of skill, the readers can quickly infer the meaning of new words from the clue offered by the context or the structure characteristic of new words, therefore, to improve the reading speed and reading ability.     

State-Society Relations Beyond the Weberian State

From its political relations Regardle origins in the Weberian tradition of sociology, work on state-society has inherited several propensities. ss of its specific focus, it shares a predilection for large-scale generalizations about the state and its relation to society. Conceptions of the state itself, bearing the imprint of traditional European state forms, continue to portray it as a hierarchical, Weberian bureaucratic apparatus. Consistent with this view of the state, analysts in the field have characteristically presumed that a sharp analytical distinction, if not always an actual separation, between the state and society. This essay demonstrates how these traditional approaches have proven increasingly inadequate to capture the realities of state-society relations. Not only in developed countries but increasingly beyond them, a variety of trends have progressively altered the Weberian state and the overall patterns of state-society relations that accompanied it. Societal influences on the state have also grown, diversified and assumed new forms. Thesocial imaginaries that have linked states with national societies may gradually be changing as well. Work in numerous fields, from public policy and public administration to local governance, political culture and economic sociology, reveals important dimensions of state-society relations that can rarely be fully grasped by means of the traditional state-society dichotomy.     

A STUDY OF THE RELATION BETWEEN RIVER REGULATION AND FLOOD CONTROL

Flood control is closely related to the rising level of the upstream. Thechange of the main current and the inshore current velocity is induced by thecompletion of the regulation work. Yet Flood Control Departments pay muchmore attention to the extent,the range and the law of the inshore current velocity increase,especially in the river reaches which have arduous tasks of floodcontrol. Flood Control Departments object to constructing regulation work sucnas groynes,because they have always thought regulation work may lead to theincrease in the inshore current velocity.This paper intends to expound on theinfluences of regulation work on the extent,range and law of the inshore current velocity through analyzing the data obtained from the scale model tests ofthe Jiepai Reach in the middle of the Yangtze River and also discuss the possi-bility of limiting increase of the inshore current velocity through properly ad-justing regulaton work,thus we can correct evaluation of the influence of theriver regulation o     

The Cognitive Study of Courtroom Examination

Previous studies from rhetorical,sociolinguistic,conversation analysis and pragmatic perspectives, fail to delve into the mental operation of the courtroom proceedings. To make clear the cognitive mechanism hidden in the strategies adopted by lawyers in courtroom examination, the present study proposes a cognitive approach by bringing Conceptual Integration Theory into the analysis. In this way, the combination of conceptual integration theory with courtroom examination will create a new perspective for the research of both cognitive and forensic linguistics.     

C-E Interpreting of Political Neologisms in Contemporary Chinese Political Discourse

Uniqueness of our political systems and tremendous changes brought about by reform and opening up are reflected in language use,so contem porary Chinese political discourse has its own distinctiveness,and is especially featured by increasing political neologisms,posing difficulties for interpreters and for China’s international publicity.Quality of political neologisms interpreting has a direct bearing on whether or not success of interpreting the whole discourse can be achieved.The authors believe that interpreting of contemporary Chinese political discourse,also for the purpose of com m unication can gain guidance from Bachman’s CLA Model.So the paper elaborates through exem plification on strategies for interpreting political neologisms in light of Bachm an’s Model,with a view to realizing discourse power of Chinese.