人性特点、社会伦理的层次性与青少年教化——当代生物学、社会学对于青少年社会规范教育的启示

青少年伦理道德素质的提升,是当今青少年教育的重要内客。教育的关键在于主动运用现代科学的新成果,在切实把握人与社会伦理规范之特性的前提下,将不可或缺的规范教化与永恒的道德理想追求结合起来,根据青少年的发育特点分阶段实施之,以期获取最佳的效果。     

论青少年传统道德教育的伦理话语

青少年的道德教育，包括在校学生的道德教育问题，在当代中国建设小康社会的过程中，既具有重要的地位，又处于复杂的境地，必须予以高度的重视。为有利于青少年本身的道德成长，并为整个社会的进步创造良好的道德氛围，有必要从学会说中国传统伦理话语做起，加强对当代青少年的道德教育。在面临“经济发展以后要干什么”问题的历史条件下．重视对青少年的传统道德教育作为当代中国实现文化自觉、文化自信、文化自强的一个有机组成部分，具有不可或缺的重要地位，我们应该为此努力。     

用“三个代表”的重要思想武装青少年的“三维世界”

当代青少年生活在"三维世界"中,即理想世界、虚拟世界、现实世界.认真研究当代青少年的特点,正确分析他们生活在"三维世界"的规律性,用"三个代表"的重要思想武装青少年的"三维世界":用"三个代表"的重要思想构筑青少年的理想世界;用先进文化的前进方向引领青少年的虚拟世界;引导青少年立足于全面建设小康社会的现实世界,是我们在青少年教育中的一个重要的主导思想.     

青少年德育视野中的公益广告特点

公益广告是以传媒方式进行青少年道德教育的一个新途径.公益广告作为一种先进的社会文化环境,极大地影响着青少年道德认识的提高、伦理规范的选择和道德品质的发展.在青少年道德教育的视域中,公益广告德育具有耳濡目染、潜移默化;多方互动、激励认识;自觉导向、凝聚思想的特点.     

青少年信息伦理教育的功能与价值

信息伦理教育在提升青少年信息伦理素养，培养青少年获取参与信息社会的权利方面发挥着重要的作用。青少年信息伦理教育表现出引导性功能、预防性功能、调节功能以及自律功能。信息伦理教育追求的终极目的是理想公民的培养．其具体目标是教导青少年认识信息伦理，获得正确观念，进而改变行为，从而实现理想的信息社会。     

文化工业趋势下青少年流行文化解读

法兰克福学派"文化工业"的研究范式为我们观察当今中国青少年流行文化提供了一个可供借鉴的思路.但是.我们必须超越它"意识形态"视角的单一性,精英主义的姿态和乌托邦式的文化理想.从"生存论"的视角揭示文化工业、流行文化的现代内涵.流行文化是文化工业的主要形式,是"后喻文化"时代的文化表达方式.与社会转型一同成长起来的青少年一代以一种不同于成年人的态度,用"流行文化"表达自己的文化诉求.对待青少年流行文化,我们不能仅仅只用"问题"的眼光来看待它.而是要理解它在现代社会的生存论文化意义.     

青少年偶像崇拜偏差的原因及应对策略

偶像崇拜是青少年中普遍存在的社会心理现象.青少年偶像崇拜偏差包含两个层面的含义:一是崇拜对象的偏差,二是崇拜层次的偏差.青少年崇拜偶像偏差现象与青少年"理想我"和"现实我"的冲突、同侪崇拜的心理、青少年思维品质的表面化与片面化、归属需要引发的从众心理、晕轮效应式的审美心理及大众传媒的舆论及宣传偏向等因素有关.对青少年偶像崇拜进行正确的引导也要从这几个方面入手.     

生命教育与青少年发展

现代社会,物质生活和精神生活发展的不平衡,使一些青少年陷入了精神迷惘和意义危机中,从2002年的"刘海洋伤熊事件"到2004年的"马加爵杀人事件",反映了青少年教育机制中人文教育的缺失.因此,本文提出当前构建和谐社会,必须加强青少年"生命教育"和"全人格教育",倡导科技加人文的平衡发展,强化青少年的心理、情感训练等对策建议.     

新媒体环境下美国青少年道德思维发展状况

互联网技术主导下的新媒体环境为美国青少年的道德发展提供了新的生长土壤,对青少年的道德思维发展产生了重大影响。哈佛大学教育研究院凯莉·詹姆斯等人依据美国儿童发展心理学家科尔伯格的道德发展阶段理论,认为青少年在新媒体环境中存在三种道德思维方式:个人中心主义思维、道德思维、伦理思维,并据此要求父母与教育者应通力合作以促进青少年道德思维向更高品质发展。     

青少年的道德与价值观

在业已进行的青少年研究中,青少年的道德与价值研究堪称一块复杂异常的理论研究领域。下一代人赖以生活的道德准则和价值观的建立是一个过程,对此生活在社会中的青少年和成人往往各自持有深藏于内心且经常相互冲突的观点。另外,在六十年代和七十年代社会大变动中,随着公民权力、反战运动的激化,大众传播和许多家庭冲突的增加,经过对上一代人价值观的根本否定,价值观和道德发生了变迁。然而,青少年的道德与价值观研究需要从特殊历史时期的社会力量的发展过程着眼,而不能对它视而不见。要把社会氛围当作一种影响青少年道德与价值的因素来看待,这种影响因素致使不同历史时期的人们形成各自的特点(埃尔德,Elder,1975;赖利,Riley, 1975)。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.