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1.
This study examines the link between divorced nonresident fathers’ proximity and children’s long-run outcomes, using high-quality
data from Norwegian population registers. We follow (from birth to young adulthood) each of 15,992 children born into married
households in Norway in the years 1975–1979 whose parents divorced during his or her childhood. We observe the proximity of
the child to his or her father in each year following the divorce and link proximity to educational and economic outcomes
for the child in young adulthood, controlling for a wide range of observable characteristics of the parents and the child.
Our results show that closer proximity to the father following a divorce has, on average, a modest negative association with
offspring’s outcomes in young adulthood. The negative associations are stronger among children of highly educated fathers.
Complementary Norwegian survey data show that highly educated fathers report more post-divorce conflict with their ex-wives
as well as more contact with their children (measured in terms of the number of nights that the child spends at the father’s
house). Consequently, the father’s relocation to a more distant location following the divorce may shelter the child from
disruptions in the structure of the child’s life as they split time between households and/or from post-divorce interparental
conflict. 相似文献
2.
Researchers continue to question fathers’ willingness to report their biological children in surveys and the ability of surveys
to adequately represent fathers. To address these concerns, this study evaluates the quality of men’s fertility data in the
1979 and 1997 cohorts of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79 and NLSY97) and in the 2002 National Survey of
Family Growth (NSFG). Comparing fertility rates in each survey with population rates based on data from Vital Statistics and
the U.S. Census Bureau, we document how the incomplete reporting of births in different surveys varies according to men’s
characteristics, including their age, race, marital status, and birth cohort. In addition, we use Monte Carlo simulations
based on the NSFG data to demonstrate how birth underreporting biases associations between early parenthood and its antecedents.
We find that in the NSFG, roughly four out of five early births were reported; but in the NLSY79 and NLSY97, almost nine-tenths
of early births were reported. In all three surveys, incomplete reporting was especially pronounced for nonmarital births.
Our results suggest that the quality of male fertility data is strongly linked to survey design and that it has implications
for models of early male fertility. 相似文献
3.
Fatherhood has traditionally been viewed as part of a “package deal” in which a father’s relationship with his child is contingent
on his relationship with the mother. We evaluate the accuracy of this hypothesis in light of the high rates of multiple-partner
fertility among unmarried parents using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a recent longitudinal survey ofnonmarital
births in large cities. We examine whether unmarried mothers’ and fathers’ subsequent relationship and parenting transitions
are associated with declines in fathers ’ contact with their nonresident biological children. We find that father involvement
drops sharply after relationships between unmarried parents end. Mothers’ transitions into new romantic partnerships and new
parenting roles are associated with larger declines in involvement than fathers’ transitions. Declines in fathers’ involvement
following a mother’s relationship or parenting transition are largest when children are young. We discuss the implications
of our results for the well-being ofnonmarital children and the quality of nonmarital relationships faced with high levels
of relationship instability and multiple-partner fertiliy. 相似文献
4.
Carrie L. Shandra Dennis P. Hogan Carrie E. Spearin 《Journal of Population Research》2008,25(3):357-377
Children with disabilities often require, more extensive family involvement and greater paternal support than other children.
Yet these children are the children least likely to live with their fathers. This paper uses data from the National Longitudinal
Survey of Youth 1997 from the United States to examine the association between child disability and resident and non-resident
biological fathers’ supportiveness, relationship, and monitoring of their children. Regression analyses indicate significant
challenges for all fathers of children with disabilities. Children of resident fathers report more positive interactions than
children of non-resident fathers. However, earlier co-residence and more frequent contact significantly improve the quality,
of father-youth relationships among men who do not live with their children. 相似文献
5.
With the rise in out-of-wedlock childbearing and divorce in the last quarter of the twentieth century, an increasing proportion
of children have been exposed to a variety of new family forms. Little research has focused on the consequences of childhood
family structure for men’s transition to fatherhood or on the family processes that account for the effects of family structure
on the likelihood that young women and men become first-time unmarried parents, what we now call “fragile families.” The data
come from the linked Children and Young Adult samples of the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), which provide
information on the children of the women of the NLSY79 from birth until they enter young adulthood. Females growing up with
a single parent and males experiencing an unstable family transition to parenthood early, particularly to nonresidential fatherhood
for males. For males, the effects are strongly mediated by parenting processes and adolescent behaviors and are shaped by
economic circumstances. Having experienced multiple transitions as a child is associated with a reduced likelihood that males
father their first child within marriage and an increased likelihood that they become fathers within cohabitation, demonstrating
how changes in family structure alter family structure patterns over time and generations. 相似文献
6.
Kanako Ishida 《Population research and policy review》2010,29(4):569-591
Despite the historical prevalence of single motherhood in Latin America and its rise in recent years, there is limited knowledge on the magnitude and consequences of father absence as experienced by children. Using a nationally representative sample from the 2002 Guatemalan Reproductive Health Survey, this study provides unprecedented documentation on the national prevalence of children’s separate living arrangements from their biological fathers and nonresident fathers’ paternity establishment and child support payments. Using random-intercept models, this study further demonstrates that father absence has a negative effect on the school enrollment of indigenous children of both sexes and Ladino male children. Increased poverty in father-absent households explains a smaller proportion of this adverse effect on indigenous children, suggesting that their fathers, when present, play a stronger social, rather than economic, role compared to their Ladino counterparts. Finally, child support payments attenuate the negative effects of father absence, particularly among Ladino male children. 相似文献
7.
Unwed fathers’ ability to pay child support: New estimates accounting for multiple-partner fertility
We present new estimates of unwed fathers’ ability to pay child support. Prior research relied on surveys that drastically
undercounted nonresident unwed fathers and provided no link to their children who lived in separate households. To overcome
these limitations, previous research assumed assortative mating and that each mother partnered with one father who was actually
eligible to pay support and had no other child support obligations. Because the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study
contains data on couples, multiple-partner fertility, and a rich array of other previously unmeasured characteristics of fathers,
it is uniquely suited to address the limitations of previous research. We also use an improved method of dealing with missing
data. Our findings suggest that previous research overestimated the aggregate ability of unwed nonresident fathers to pay
child support by 33% to 60%. 相似文献
8.
Despite the dramatic rise in U.S. nonmarital childbearing in recent decades, limited attention has been paid to factors affecting nonmarital fatherhood (beyond studies of young fathers). In this article, we use data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 cohort to examine the antecedents of nonmarital fatherhood, as compared to marital fatherhood. Overall, we find the strongest support across both data sets for education and race/ethnicity as key predictors of having a nonmarital first birth, consistent with prior literature about women’s nonmarital childbearing and about men’s early/teenage fatherhood. Education is inversely related to the risk of nonmarital fatherhood, and minority (especially black) men are much more likely to have a child outside of marriage than white men. We find little evidence that employment predicts nonmarital fertility, although it does strongly (and positively) predict marital fertility. High predicted earnings are also associated with a greater likelihood of marital childbearing but with a lower likelihood of nonmarital childbearing. Given the socioeconomic disadvantage associated with nonmarital fatherhood, this research suggests that nonmarital fatherhood may be an important aspect of growing U.S. inequality and stratification both within and across generations. 相似文献
9.
This paper presents a two-equation model of joint outcomes on an individual’s decision to binge drink and on his/her annual
labor market earnings. The primary data source is the 1979 cohort of the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79), 1979–1994.
We show that binge drinking behavior is quite alcohol-price responsive and is a rational addiction. A new result is that an
individual’s decision to binge drink has a statistically significant negative effect on his/her earnings. Furthermore, we
conducted simulations of the short-run and long-run impacts of increasing the alcohol price. They showed that the tendency
for an individual to binge drink heavily is reduced significantly, and the reduction is greater in the long-run than short-run
simulation. Also, an individual's annual earnings were increased. However, in the structural model, an individual’s earnings
have no significant effect on his/her tendency to engage in binge drinking. Our results contradict earlier findings from cross-section
evidence that showed increased alcohol consumption raised an individual’s earnings or wages. 相似文献
10.
High rates of incarceration among American men, coupled with high rates of fatherhood among men in prison, have motivated
recent research on the effects of parental imprisonment on children’s development. We use data from the Fragile Families and
Child Wellbeing Study to examine the relationship between paternal incarceration and developmental outcomes for approximately
3,000 urban children. We estimate cross-sectional and longitudinal regression models that control not only for fathers’ basic
demographic characteristics and a rich set of potential confounders, but also for several measures of pre-incarceration child
development and family fixed effects. We find significant increases in aggressive behaviors and some evidence of increased
attention problems among children whose fathers are incarcerated. The estimated effects of paternal incarceration are stronger
than those of other forms of father absence, suggesting that children with incarcerated fathers may require specialized support
from caretakers, teachers, and social service providers. The estimated effects are stronger for children who lived with their
fathers prior to incarceration but are also significant for children of nonresident fathers, suggesting that incarceration
places children at risk through family hardships including and beyond parent-child separation. 相似文献
11.
The 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth is among the few surveys to provide multiple reports on respondents’ race and
ethnicity. Respondents were initially classified as Hispanic, black, or “other” on the basis of data collected during 1978
screener interviews. Respondents subsequently self-reported their “origin or descent” in 1979, and their race and Hispanic
origin in 2002; the latter questions conform to the federal standards adopted in 1997 and used in the 2000 census. We use
these data to (a) assess the size and nature of the multiracial population, (b) measure the degree of consistency among these
alternative race-related variables, and (c) devise a number of alternative race/ethnicity taxonomies and determine which does
the best job of explaining variation in log-wages. A key finding is that the explanatory power of race and ethnicity variables
improves considerably when we cross-classify respondents by race and Hispanic origin. Little information is lost when multiracial respondents are assigned to one of their reported race categories
because they make up only 1.3% of the sample.
相似文献
Alita NandiEmail: |
12.
Using harmonized longitudinal data from the British Household Panel Survey (BHPS), the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP),
and the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we trace career prospects after motherhood for five cohorts of American,
British, and West German women around the 1960s. We establish wage penalties for motherhood between 9% and 18% per child,
with wage losses among American and British mothers being lower than those experienced by mothers in Germany. Labor market
mechanisms generating the observed wage penalty for motherhood differ markedly across countries, however. For British and
American women, work interruptions and subsequent mobility into mother-friendly jobs fully account for mothers’ wage losses.
In contrast, respective penalties are considerably smaller in Germany, yet we observe a substantial residual wage penalty
that is unaccounted for by mothers’ observable labor market behavior. We interpret this finding as indicating a comparatively
more pronounced role for statistical discrimination against mothers in the German labor market. 相似文献
13.
As college-going among women has increased, more women are going to college from backgrounds that previously would have precluded
their attendance and completion. This affords us the opportunity and motivation to look at the effects of college on fertility
across a range of social backgrounds and levels of early achievement. Despite a substantial literature on the effects of education
on women’s fertility, researchers have not assessed variation in effects by selection into college. With data on U.S. women
from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979, we examine effects of timely college attendance and completion on women’s
fertility by the propensity to attend and complete college using multilevel Poisson and discrete-time event-history models.
Disaggregating the effects of college by propensity score strata, we find that the fertility-decreasing college effect is
concentrated among women from comparatively disadvantaged social backgrounds and low levels of early achievement. The effects
of college on fertility attenuate as we observe women from backgrounds that are more predictive of college attendance and
completion. 相似文献
14.
We document the incidence and evolution of family complexity from the perspective of children. Following a cohort of firstborn
children whose mothers were not married at the time of their birth, we consider family structure changes over the first 10 years
of the child’s life—considering both full and half-siblings who are coresidential or who live in another household. We rely
on detailed longitudinal administrative data from Wisconsin that include information on the timing of subsequent births to
the mother and father, and detailed information on earnings, child support, and welfare. We find that 60% of firstborn children
of unmarried mothers have at least one half-sibling by age 10. Our results highlight the importance of having fertility information
for both fathers and mothers: estimates of the proportion of children with half-siblings would be qualitatively lower if we
had fertility information on only one parent. Complex family structures are more likely for children of parents who are younger
or who have low earnings and for those in larger urban areas. Children who have half-siblings on their mother’s side are also
more likely to have half-siblings on their father’s side, and vice versa, contributing to very complex family structures—and
potential child support arrangements—for some children. 相似文献
15.
In spite of long-held beliefs that traits related to reproductive success tend to become fixed by evolution with little or
no genetic variation, there is now considerable evidence that the natural variation of fertility within populations is genetically
influenced and that a portion of that influence is related to the motivational precursors to fertility. We conduct a two-stage
analysis to examine these inferences in a time-ordered multivariate context. First, using data from the National Longitudinal
Survey of Youth, 1979, and LISREL analysis, we develop a structural equation model in which five hypothesized motivational
precursors to fertility, measured in 1979–1982, predict both a child-timing and a child-number outcome, measured in 2002.
Second, having chosen two time-ordered sequences of six variables from the SEM to represent our phenotypic models, we use
Mx to conduct both univariate and multivariate behavioral genetic analyses with the selected variables. Our results indicate
that one or more genes acting within a gene network have additive effects that operate through child-number desires to affect
both the timing of the next child born and the final number of children born, that one or more genes acting through a separate
network may have additive effects operating through gender role attitudes to produce downstream effects on the two fertility
outcomes, and that no genetic variance is associated with either child-timing intentions or educational intentions. 相似文献
16.
Changes in marital and fertility behavior have influenced the role of father for many men. We use data from the first two waves of the National Survey of Families and Households to examine various sociodemographic, situational, and attitudinal characteristics that might influence the degree of contact between nonresidential fathers and their minor children. We tap two different dimensions of distance parenting and find that although several variables influence both visiting and talking on the telephone or writing letters, some factors (the presence of multiple children in a household) predict visiting only, while others (child’s age and gender) predict only verbal/written contact. Similarly, some of the life-course decisions made by fathers appear to crowd out their involvement with nonresidential children, whereas other decisions reinforce their parenting behavior. 相似文献
17.
Using data from the British Household Panel Survey and the National Survey of Families and Households in the United States, we present a sociodemographic profile of fathers and compare the determinants of absent fatherhood in each country. Although fatherhood has a younger profile in the United States, especially for blacks, predictors of fathers’ residency with their children are remarkably similar in the two countries. In both countries, the strongest predictor of a father’s absence is the parents’ relationship to each other at the time of the child’s birth. Policy implications of this finding are discussed. 相似文献
18.
Children Living Without Their Fathers: Population Estimates and Indicators of Educational Well-being
Matthew DeBell 《Social indicators research》2008,87(3):427-443
This paper estimates the number of American children in grades K–12 who live without their biological fathers and examines
the association of absent-father status with children’s well-being. The 2003 Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey
of the National Household Education Surveys Program (n = 12,426) shows that 28% percent of White students, 39% of Hispanic students, 69% of Black students, and 36% overall live
without their fathers. In bivariate comparisons, absent-father status is associated with reduced well-being: worse health,
lower academic achievement, worse educational experiences, and less parental involvement in school activities. When socio-economic
factors are controlled, father-absence is associated with small deficits of well-being. The findings suggest that the conventional
wisdom may exaggerate the detrimental effects of father absence. 相似文献
19.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
20.
Gary Neil Marks 《Social indicators research》2008,85(2):293-309
Since the early 1970s the importance of mothers’ socioeconomic characteristics on their children’s educational and occupational
attainment has been acknowledged. However, it is not clear if fathers’ characteristics have a stronger influence because men
usually have stronger attachments to the labour market, or alternatively mothers’ characteristics are more important because
of their greater role in children’s socialization. This study addresses this question by comparing the influence of father’s
and mother’s education and occupation on student performance in literacy and numeracy using data from 30 countries. The impact
of mother’s education is usually greater or comparable to that of father’s education. In contrast, substantially stronger
effects for mother’s occupational status compared to father’s were rare. In most countries the impact of mother’s socioeconomic
characteristics (education plus occupation) on student performance is comparable to that for father’s. Of the four indicators
of socioeconomic background, father’s occupational status and mother’s educational attainment tend to have stronger effects,
although many countries do not conform to this pattern. There are indications that the relative importance of mother’s characteristics
have increased over time.
相似文献
Gary Neil MarksEmail: |