‘You Get More Respect,’ Reasons for Sex Among African American High School Youth: A Qualitative Study

ABSTRACT

African American adolescents continue to be disproportionately impacted by HIV, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), and unanticipated pregnancies. In-depth, face-to-face interviews among a convenience sample of 32 African American adolescents (16 male and 16 female) were used to explore the reasons why some adolescents decided to engage in sex while others chose to delay sexual debut. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis. Among the overall sample, psychological motivations, external pressure, physical pleasure seeking, and relationship-related motivations were the major themes cited for engaging in sex by participants and their friends. External support, motivation to avoid negative consequences, not feeling ready or lacking interest in sex, and having negative views about sex were among the major reasons for delaying sex. Several of the emergent themes showed gender differences. Suggestions for future research include the need for sexual education, and STI/HIV prevention programs that are gender sensitive and flexible enough to accommodate multiple factors related to sexual debut.     

Chinese American Family Caregivers’ Perception of Program Use and Caregiver Stress

Caregiver programs provide specialized services and resources to reduce caregiver stress and improve family quality of life and health. Although there are resources and community services available, Chinese American family caregivers’ perceptions on caregiver programs and how specific services help to viably reduce their stress has yet to be examined. An in-depth interview was conducted with four Chinese American family caregivers in exploring their caregiving experiences and program service use; two of the caregivers were spouses and two were adult children. Content analysis revealed that their value of familial piety, and their need to ameliorate caregiver stress fueled their interest in new interventions to improve their quality of life and health. Spousal caregivers and adult children caregivers disclosed different needs due to caregiving, and adult children caregivers were less resistant to new interventions. The results of this study fill the knowledge gap on Chinese American family caregivers’ perception of caregiving in a cultural context as well as their needs. Suggestions for future research are to better understand the effectiveness of the specific services within caregiver programs that are effective in reducing caregiver stress among Chinese American family caregivers.     

Can Cultural Values Help Explain the Positive Aspects of Caregiving Among Chinese American Caregivers?

This study used an adaptation of the caregivers' stress model to examine the positive aspects of caregiving with 113 Chinese American family caregivers who provided care to their elderly relatives. The hierarchical multiple regression analysis indicated that combination of caregiver background characteristics, stressors, and cultural values had direct effects on positive aspects of caregiving. Unlike previous studies in which cultural values were not measured, this study found that cultural values helped explain positive aspects of caregiving. Specifically, cultural values, caregiver's health, and caregiver's age predicted positive aspects of caregiving. Service implications are discussed based upon the findings.     

Korean American Dementia Family Caregivers’ Experience of a Psychoeducational Support Group: Investigation of Role of Culture

Seven Korean American dementia family caregivers participated in a psychoeducational group. A focus group was conducted to explore the effectiveness of the group work model. Analysis of the focus group presented four themes: (1) importance of education about dementia, (2) social support from other Korean caregivers, (3) role of language and Korean culture, and (4) heterogeneity of caregivers' needs. Implications for social work practice, policy, and research are provided.     

Go to the Hospital or Stay at Home? A Qualitative Study of Expected Hospital Decision Making Among Older African Americans With Advanced Heart Failure

To address the need for more information concerning hospital decision making, we conducted in-depth interviews among African Americans with heart failure and their family caregivers (n?=?11 dyads). Using a case scenario, we asked participants about their anticipated hospitalization decisions. Most patients indicated that they would seek care to avoid further deterioration or death from their worsening condition. Many family caregivers anticipated having an active influence on hospitalization decisions. Findings suggest that social workers should encourage the development of adequate home-based services, recognize diverse communication styles, and use this information to facilitate medical decision making by these patients and their caregivers.     

A Realistic Approach to Human Resources Development in China-Education, the System of Labor, and Human Resources Development

TherationalandeffectivedevelopmentofhumanresourcesundoubtedlyhasspecialsignificancetoapopulouscountrysuchasChina.Theproblem,however,ishowtofindafeasibleandeffectiveapproachtohumanresourcesdevelopmentbasedontheactualconditionsofthecountry.Determiningtherelationshipbetweeneducation,thelaborsystem,andhumanresourcesdevelopmentisanurgentneedandarealisticapproachtohumanresourcesdevelopmentinChina.I.TheMainCharacteri8tics0fHumanRes0urcesDeveI0pmentandtheSelecti0n0fAppr0achesl.Chinahasgreatpotent…     

A New Understanding of "Vast Territory, Rich Resources and a Large Population

IChinahasalwaysboastedofits"vastterritory,richresourcesandlargepopulation,"aphraseevenincludedintextbooksforprimaryschoolpupils.IthighlightsthefavorableasPectsofChina'snationalconditions,butinthispaperlshalldiscussthequestionfromanotherperspective.(l)Chin…     

SSRC research group on Modern German Social History: First Meeting: History of the Family,U.E.A., Norwich, 7–8 July 1978

R.J. Holton, The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism (1985), xii+234 (Macmillan, Basingstoke, £20, paperback £6.95).

Antoni Maczak, Henryk Samsonowicz and Peter Burke, East‐Central Europe in Transition: from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century (1985), vii+207 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £22.50).

Paul Slack, The Impact of Plague in Tudor and Stuart England (1985), xvi+443 (Routledge &; Kegan Paul, London, £25.00).

A. L. Beier, Masterless Men: The Vagrancy Problem in England (1985), xv+233 (Methuen, London, £19.95).

John L. McMullan, The Canting Crew: London's Criminal Underworld, 1550–1700 (1984) ix+226 (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, N.J., n.p.).

Maxine Berg, The Age of Manufactures 1700–1820 (1985), 378 (Fontana, London, paperback, £4.95).

Alan Greer, Peasant, Lord, and Merchant: Rural Society in Three Quebec Parishes 1740–1840 (1985), 304 (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Buffalo and London, n.p.).

Barbara Jeanne Fields, Slavery and Freedom on the Middle Ground: Maryland during the Nineteenth Century (1985), xv+268 (Yale University Press, New Haven, £27.50).

A. J. Kidd and K. W. Roberts (eds), City, Class and Culture: Studies of Cultural Production and Social Policy in Victorian Manchester (1985), vii + 280 (Manchester University Press, Manchester, £25.00).

Gary S. Messinger, Manchester in the Victorian Age: The Half‐Known City xii+211 (Manchester University Press, Manchester £11.95, paperback £4.95).

Donald Reid, The Miners of Decazeville: A Genealogy of Deindustrialization (1985), ix+333 (Harvard University Press, Boston, $25.00).

Moshe Lewin, The Making of the Soviet System: Essays in the Social History of Interwar Russia (1985), viii+354 (Methuen, London, paperback £8.95).

Derek J. Oddy and Derek S. Miller (eds), Diet and Health in Modern Britain (1985), 326 (Croom Helm, London, £22.50).

Robert I. Rotberg and Theodore K. Rabb (eds), Hunger and History (1985), 336 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £25.00).     

A little too much of the buchenwald touch? Military radiation research at the university of Cincinnati, 1960–1972

From 1960 through 1972, Dr. Eugene Saenger oversaw the experimental administration of lethal and near‐lethal doses of radiation to hospital patients at the University of Cincinnati. These experiments were funded by the US Department of Defense, and were specifically designed to acquire military information on the effects of radiation in combat soldiers. Although Saenger's research was terminated after public exposure in 1971, a full and detailed account has not been available until now. The account provided by the President's Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE) in their Final Report of 1995 was incomplete. Our account is based on a reanalysis of all the material available to ACHRE, including highly critical peer reviews by U.C. faculty members. We also present, for the first time, several case histories taken from the medical records of Dr. Saenger's subjects.     

The Costs and Benefits of RuralUrban Migration──A Report on an Inquiry Conducted Among Rural Women Employed in the Service,Retail and Other Trades in Beijing

I.ThePurpose,MethodologyandSamplingofThlsStodyTheproblemsencounteredbymigratingpeasantsarenotthesame,anddependonthelocalitiestheymovetooroninter-occupationalmobility.PeasantsenteringlargecitiesfaceproblemsdifferentfromthoseencounteredbyPeasantsfindingempl…