骑楼建筑空间艺术美学探识（下）

骑楼、骑楼墟、骑楼街、骑楼镇、骑楼城是南中国一道连续有趣、活力奔放、人文气息浓郁的动态景观，也是广东人民喜闻乐见的、第一张有特色的物质性文化遗产名片。探讨骑楼建筑空间的美学艺术，有利于更好地保护骑楼、利用骑楼、发展骑楼，创造具有诗意的栖居环境，提升人们工作的舒适性、交往的便捷度与游憩的愉悦感。     

论老字号历史建筑和街区的保护与振兴

老字号保护与振兴是近年广受社会各界关注的热点问题。基于老字号历史建筑及街区美学、建筑多样性、文化记忆的连续性等多重社会价值的考量,从建筑保护和规划的视角,分析老字号历史建筑及其街区旧化的主客观原因。同时,在认识和开发老字号历史建筑及其街区的环境与景观资源的基础之上,提出实现老字号在物质环境、经济和社会诸方面成功振兴的方式与途径。保护和振兴城市老字号应该对这些已经过时与旧化的建筑进行处理和补救,以延长老字号与其历史建筑的寿命。     

中国大陆上的第一道西洋建筑文化景观

当年广州十三行商馆区——一道耀眼的西洋建筑风景线,蕴含了中国古代社会向中国近代社会的变迁史。作为西洋建筑文化的西来初地,它演绎了中西两种文化相互碰撞、叠加与融合的悲喜剧,开启了中西合璧建筑文化景观百多年来在天朝大地的延续、发展与共识,已熔铸为至今培育广州世界名城代表性的城市景观形态,有必要加以保护、利用与发扬。     

论中国低碳城市的发展道路

气候变化问题是当今人类社会面临的严峻挑战,世界各国合作应对气候变化是大势所趋。作为一个13亿人口的发展中国家,中国城市化进程及其发展方式对于全球应对气候变化的努力有重要影响。在全球应对气候变化的形势下,中国应把低碳—生态城市作为发展目标,并以能源低碳化、生产低碳化、建筑低碳化和交通低碳化等为重点,推动中国低碳—生态城市建设。     

浦东新区社区内部管理模式初探

在浦东开发开放的有力推动下，浦东新区的城市建设和社会事业迅速发展，从而使新区的城市社区系统发生了比较明显的变化：以建筑陈旧、配套设施不全为普遍特征的传统社区在改造中逐步更新；同时，按照现代生活特点和设计标准规划建设的新型社区在开发中不断形成。这一过程一方面使新区的城市化水平和现代化程度日益提高，另一方面也对新区的城市社区管理提出了新的任务和要求。如何使新区的城市社区管理与城市社区建设相适应？这已成为浦东进一步开发开放，新区城市管理体制改革和新区社会事业发展共同面临的一个现实问题。一现状：存在问＠…     

1912年～1937年北京内城跨街牌楼的变迁

牌楼是我国古建筑中重要的一种,有着浓厚的文化积淀和艺术价值。民国时期,处于社会转型期中的牌楼,其形制、结构、社会功能经历了复杂的演变过程。北京内城的跨街牌楼首当其冲成为城市近代化建设中矛盾的焦点。围绕着牌楼拆建问题的争论,折射出社会转型期中民众对牌楼文物价值的社会认同,以及牌楼文化价值的提升。本文以档案和报刊资料为依托,再现牌楼的历史演变过程,以期有更多的人来研究这一处于城市文化研究边缘位置的"建筑奇葩"。     

城市社区犯罪防范体系刍论

一、组建城市社区犯罪防范体系的重要性城市是大量异质性居民聚居的永久性居民点。它具有三个特征,即人口众多;居住密集(以高层群居式建筑为主);居民间存在着异质性,即尽管大家居住在一个社区环境之中,但邻里间明显存在着不同的生活方式,具有较强的个体差异。同时它又是一个地区人口、财富、交通汇集和中转的地方,是社会政治、经     

当前住宅社会学的研究方向

住宅社会学的性质与特征住宅社会学是应用社会学的一个分支。它用社会学的方法研究住宅的历史、地位、作用和住宅与社会诸方面的相互关系,是介于建筑学、城市学、城市规划学、人口学、家庭学、管理学、文化学、建筑美学、经济学、宗教学、人类学、历史学、环境生态学、社会心理学和社会学等学科之间的一门边缘学科。它是以社会同住宅之间的相互关系为研究对象,立足于社会学的。简言之,住宅社会学就是研究住宅与社会的“关系学”。住宅社会学是有特定研究领域的。它以城市建设系统的子系统的一个分子为命题,起着改造社会和建设社会的历史功能的社会工程的作用。因此,住宅社会学研究工作者应该为社会发展提供“望远     

现代建筑空间规划理论研究

伴随着我国经济的高速发展,对于现代化建筑要求更高,从单一建筑设计到建筑群体设计再到城市建设规划区域规划。都均离不开空间规划。建筑空间规划成为建筑设计的主角,成为建筑学研究最重要,也难于研究,也是最普遍的问题。     

从传统到现代:建国以来城市邻居关系的变迁

“邻居”与“邻居关系”具有空间性与社会性两种特征。邻居关系的变迁实质上是以空间临近为基础、以人际关系“冷热”为标志的社会性变化。建国以来,我国先后出现了传统老街坊式、单位家属院式、陌路型以及新睦型等四种邻居关系,这些类型的出现体现了我国城市邻居关系变迁的历程。建筑空间的窄化、网络技术的提高、人际网络的多样化、社会转型的推进等因素促进了我国城市邻居关系的变迁。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Objective Tests versus Subjective tests

objective test has only one correct answer, while subjective test has a range of possible answers. Because of this feature, reliability will not be difficult to achieve in the marking of the objective item, while the marking of the subjective items is reliable. On the whole, a good test must contain both subjective and objective test items.     

Comments on the National College English Test

College English Test is an important national test for Chinese college students, this paper introduces the distribution of scores, time of examination, and analyses the four parts in CET ,such as listening comprehension, reading comprehension, integrated testing, and writing based on testing theories.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

The gender gap in pensions in Latin America

Lower female lifetime labour market participation rates, greater interruptions during their working lives, and wage gaps contribute to create gender gaps in pensions at the time of retirement. The design of social security systems may reinforce or attenuate these gaps. This article provides new evidence on gender gaps in access to pensions and in pension income in four Southern Cone countries in Latin America and analyses their evolution between 2000 and 2013, showing significant improvements in both gaps, with differential patterns by countries. The decrease in the gender gap in pension income has been particularly significant in Argentina and Brazil. In both cases, the largest increases in pension values during the period correspond to the lowest income percentiles, where women are overrepresented. The application of redistributive policies in these countries, aimed at reducing poverty and inequality but not necessarily focused on gender equity, has had positive and probably unintended consequences in terms of reduction in gender gaps in pensions.     

Is subsidiarity a conditio sine qua non for sustainability?

This paper argues that subsidiarity is a condicio sine qua non for sustainability. Through the complexity paradigm, the paper provides a historical reconstruction of both concepts to the end of elucidating their interdependence. The main thesis is that subsidiarity to sustainability is what self-organisation is to emergence. The paper ends with a sketch of future global governance structures based on a subsidiarity where cities take the lead on sustainability.     

Global employment and decent jobs, 2010–2030: The forces of demography and automation

Globally, an estimated 734 million jobs will be required between 2010 and 2030 to accommodate recent and ongoing demographic shifts, account for plausible changes in labour force participation rates, and achieve target unemployment rates of at or below 4 per cent for adults and at or below 8 per cent for youth. The facts that most new jobs will be required in countries where “decent” jobs are less prevalent and workers in many occupations are increasingly subject to risks of automation further compound the challenge of job creation, which is already quite sizable in historical perspective. Failure to create the jobs that are needed through 2030 would put currently operative social security systems under pressure and undermine efforts to guarantee the national social protection floors enshrined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).