台湾民生用水节约工作

介绍台湾地区民生用水实况、推动节水的6项工作和几种民生节水做法。     

小城镇节水措施

从技术和管理上阐述了小城镇节水的措施,并详细介绍了工业、居民生活和市政设施方面的节水方法,最后提出了城镇预备水资源的合理开发。     

大学生用水现状、存在问题及对策分析——以衡水学院为例

衡水学院大学生用水现状调查表明:存在大学生用水方式不当、浪费严重、节水设备不完善、用水设施老化等问题。为此,增强节水意识、强化制度管理、提高技术创新等是衡水学院建设节水型校园的可行之道。     

纽约千方百计节约用水

<正>美国纽约市是一个有800多万人口的现代化大都市,在历史上曾发生过多次因干旱缺水的情况。因此纽约市政府十分重视节水。纽约市的节水措施主要是两个方面:一是改造设备,防止漏水,减少用水;二是开展各种教育活动,动员全体市民自觉节水。它用声纳设备检查主要输水管道线路的漏水情况,每年检查1/3,     

建筑给排水设计中的节水节能

介绍建筑给排水设计中的8种节水节能途径。     

论建设节水防污型城市

珍惜水资源，建设节水型城市对于水资源紧缺的中国十分重要而紧迫。我国节水型城市政策法规建设取得了一定的成绩并在不断推进，但是还不够健全，需要完善。我们要加强节水立法，建立一系列节水的法律制度，让全城市珍惜水资源，早日建成节水型城市。     

中水道技术

介绍生活污水循环回用的中水道技术并宣传节水观念。     

对上海交大的水平衡测试

水平衡测试是加强用水管理与节水的有效方法之一。     

坚持可持续发展,创建节水型城市

介绍上海市水资源和节水工作现状,以及创建节水型城市对策研究。     

上海地区冷却塔的使用现状

对上海地区冷却塔使用现状进行了调查,并提出了提高其节水效率的途径。     

“Water Is Life”—Farmer Rationales and Water Saving in Khorezm,Uzbekistan: A Lifeworld Analysis

Khorezm Province is located in the Amu Darya lowlands of Uzbekistan, where unsustainable use of irrigation water has led to the Aral Sea crisis. This study deals with the question of how farmers in Khorezm perceive water and its management and how this facilitates or prevents water conservation, or “water saving,” in irrigated agriculture. To answer this from the perspective of the water users, we apply Schütz's lifeworld concept to the study of natural‐resource management, thereby reconstructing the water lifeworld of Khorezmian farmers. We present the spatial and temporal boundaries of the water lifeworld; the different types of water, people, and land that farmers distinguish; and the institutions water management is based on. The analysis shows that religious values and the risk of being fined for water wasting facilitate water saving. However, the following barriers to water saving dominate farmer practices: (1) storage of saved water is not possible, (2) using much water creates social capital, (3) perceived water needs exceed the geographical realities, (4) the term “water saving” is not in use, and (5) farmers believe that water management is the state's responsibility. We conclude that water saving should be facilitated by environmental education, a strengthening of the water‐inspection department Uzsuvnazorat, and the creation of decentralized storage options.     

浅谈上海市郊区集约化供水

该文分析了上海市郊区供水水质的影响因素,认为郊区小型水厂已经不能满足郊区居民对饮用水水质的要求。并结合上海宝山供水管理所的集约化供水工作,阐明郊区集约化供水是城市发展与供水基础设施建设的必然趋势。     

Contesting Water Rights: Collective Ownership and Struggles against Privatization

The post‐1980s have seen increasing struggles over rights to water. Water rights have involved intense protests and campaigns against privatization of water including bottling of water and advocacy for citizens control of water. We review scholarly work to focus on four main aspects: the complexities intertwining globalization processes, the state, and water rights; collective ownership of water resources; peoples’ participating in managing and using water; and the campaigns against privatization which have emerged in both the developing and developed world in different ways. The conclusion calls for adopting a social movement lens to examine the struggles for water rights by providing some lead research questions around the macro and micro level theoretical approaches.     

居住小区给水管道设计流量计算方法探讨

居住小区给水量计算是处于市政给水流量计算和室内给水流量计算的过渡段,无论是采用市政给水流量公式或是室内给水流量公式计算小区给水流量都是有缺陷的。该文介绍了通过对住宅小区给水设计流量的计算问题进行研究分析后得到的比较适合的给水设计流量计算公式。     

An Effective,Feasible, And Cost-Efficient Water Strategy For 2013 To Meet The Projected Water Need Of China In Future

Water resources carrying capacity is a foundational topic in water resources security strategic study and the foundational measurement of water resources security. Water resources constrain the scale and quality of social and economic development in many water shortage cities and regions. Thus, the management via dynamic water resources prediction is a key for the overall city strategic planning. In this study, an integrated dynamic model of water consumption was developed using system dynamics (SD) and based on water resources carrying capacity (WRCC) theory.     

我国城市供水系统安全保障及应急体系建设的探讨

探讨有效提高城市处置水源和供水突发事件的能力，建立和健全城镇供水的日常安全保障机制和发生紧急情况时迅速有效的应对机制，建设一整套城镇供水安全保障与应急体系，规范和指导城市水源和供水突发事件的应急处置工作。     

Environment,Development, and Water in Academia: A Critical Network Perspective

The world is currently confronting two water crises, a developmental crisis concerning populations who lack access to water and an environmental crisis regarding water scarcity and freshwater resource depletion. Are we as academics addressing the complexity of these issues? Using network analysis of over 5,000 articles that address water development and water scarcity, I generate a co-citation network to identify the overlap between development and environmental water literatures in academic journals. The results suggest that the development literature only has a 6.28 percent overlap with the environmental literature and the environmental literature has a mere 1.92 percent overlap. Overall, this research suggests that there is an extreme lack of academic articles that address water scarcity and water development concurrently. Until we as an academic community become more nuanced in our studies of water, we will lack a full understanding of how to solve these seemingly contradictory problems. I conclude by drawing on critical Marxist and “Frankfurt School” perspectives to explain this apparent disconnect.     

Like Oil and Water in the American West: Water Market Access amid Unconventional Oil Production in Colorado

Characterized as a “wicked” problem, water shortage in the American West will soon become a reality—due to increasing population, climate change, and decreased flows. Concurrently, water‐centered technologies such as hydraulic fracturing and directional drilling have facilitated the rapid and widespread growth of unconventional oil and gas (UOG) production in the United States. Water markets are increasingly touted as the best, most efficient, and fairest mechanisms for allocating vital and scarce resources. Yet this contention is largely unexplored at the food‐energy‐water nexus, particularly from an environmental justice perspective—where equitable water access for all users is a central concern. We utilize a case study in Colorado's South Platte basin based on 41 in‐depth interviews to show: (1) distortions created in regional water markets as wealthy UOG operators participate in them and (2) ways in which access to water markets becomes blocked for smaller, newer, or water‐poor water users. We also highlight how UOG producers’ presence may inhibit the formation of alternative systems for water exchange. Thus, the participation of UOG operators in Colorado's water markets appears to drive environmental injustice and increased inequity at the food‐energy‐water nexus, rather than facilitating fair or efficient access to water for all users.     

上海城市用水的可持续发展对策

介绍上海城市水资源概况、2010年需水量发展预测、新水源开发计划及加强用水管理     

2006 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS WATER MARKETS IN THE WEST: PRICES, TRADING, AND CONTRACTUAL FORMS

Rising urban and environmental demand for water has created growing pressure to reallocate water from traditional agricultural uses. The evolution of water markets has been more complicated than those for other resources. In this paper, we first explain these differences by examining water rights and regulatory issues. Second, we place our research in the context of the economics literature on water marketing. Third, we present new, comprehensive data on prices and the extent, nature, and timing of water transfers across 12 western states from 1987 to 2005. We find that prices are higher for agriculture-to-urban trades versus within-agriculture trades, in part, reflecting the differences in marginal values between the two uses. Prices for urban use are also growing relative to agricultural use. Markets are responding in that the number of agriculture-to-urban transactions is rising, whereas the number of agriculture-to-agriculture transfers is not. Further, there is a shift from using short-term leases to using multiyear leases of water and permanent sales of water rights. This pattern underscores the need to consider the amounts of water obligated over time rather than examining only annual flows in assessing the quantities of water traded as is the common practice in the literature. Considering water obligated over time, termed committed water, we find significantly more is transferred and the direction of trading is different than if the focus is on annual flows. Finally, the data reveal considerable variation in water trading across the states. ( JEL Q2, N5, L5, K3)