基于BPR及战略一致性的信息系统规划方法

企业过程再造(BusinessProcessReengineering,BPR)在信息系统(InformationSystems,IS)规划中的实施对当前企业保持强大的竞争力起着至关重要的作用。同时在信息系统规划的过程中必须确保企业战略和信息技术战略的一致性。本文就如何在信息系统规划中紧密结合BPR和战略一致性的思想提出了一种IS规划方法。     

基于BPR的企业电子商务系统规划策略与方法

在企业管理模式和管理手段改造的实践过程中,要想借助电子商务系统改善生产经营,需要对企业原有业务流程进行重组;通过电子商务系统的应用,可以更好地支撑和固化新的业务流。本文在对企业开展BPR与电子商务系统规划活动相关问题进行理论分析的基础上,提出基于BPR规划企业电子商务系统的策略与方法。     

基于TRIZ理论的蒙牛集团流程再造创新研究

企业流程再造理论(BPR)强调流程管理而非职能管理,已被国内外诸多企业运用。但BPR自身存在系统局限性,首先分析了BPR的缺陷,引入TRIZ理论,阐述TRIZ理论在再造原则与逻辑框架等方面给予BPR正向支持,提出TRIZ-BPR创新模型并将其运用于蒙牛集团的BPR中,如利用TRIZ中物质-场模型为企业业务流程设计寻求最优解,并给出解法。望此文可以帮助蒙牛集团采用更科学、合理、灵活的BPR,使管控更为有效。     

对我国大中型企业实施BPR的思考

探讨了新经济时代BPR在我国大中型企业实施的可能性,提出以Intranet作为实施BPR的企业信息系统基础以及加强人力资源发展战略、贯彻落实BPR的思想,使我国大中型企业能够迎接新形势下特别是加入WTO以后面临的挑战.     

业务流程再造的误区及改进完善

企业在实施BPR过程中,存在若干误区,这些误区导致实施BPR的失败或实施效果不明显.本文从企业实际出发,分析了BPR实施过程中存在的误区,提出了改进完善的对策建议.     

论ERP应用中BPR的实施

BPR侧重于企业业务流程的整体最优化,ERP侧重在合理的业务流程基础上实现对企业资源的有效利用与管理。本文探讨了ERP应用中BPR的实施步骤和应注意的事项,两者的完美结合有助于企业的发展取得预期的成效。     

基于CIMOSA的企业过程识别方法研究

业务流程再造(BPR)是当前管理学研究领域内的热点问题,如何在错综复杂的企业系统中识别出过程,是实施BPR的首要前提,在对BPR研究的基础上,分析了企业过程识别的重要性,而过程的组成元素是活动,活动与活动之间的相互作用和相互联系则构成了企业过程系统,所以首先提出了基于CIMOSA的活动识别方法,在活动识别的基础上给出了过程识别算法和过程之间关系的确定并进行了案例研究.     

企业流程再造

在中国,企业流程再造也被译为业务流程重组.其英文为Business Process Reengineering,管理界通常将其简称为BPR. BPR比较全面定义是:通过资源整合、资源优化,最大限度地满足企业和供应链管理体系高速发展需要的一种方法,它更多地体现为一种管理思想,已经远远超出了管理工具的价值,其目的是在成本、质量、服务和速度等方面取得显著的改善,使得企业能最大限度地适应以顾客、竞争、变化为特征的现代经营环境.     

基于CIMOSA 的企业过程识别方法研究

业务流程再造(BPR) 是当前管理学研究领域内的热点问题,如何在错综复杂的企业系统 中识别出过程,是实施BPR 的首要前提,在对BPR 研究的基础上,分析了企业过程识别的重要 性,而过程的组成元素是活动,活动与活动之间的相互作用和相互联系则构成了企业过程系 统,所以首先提出了基于CIMOSA 的活动识别方法,在活动识别的基础上给出了过程识别算法 和过程之间关系的确定并进行了案例研究.     

企业持续发展与信息战略

分析了当代企业环境, 指出管理面临的困境, 探讨了出路何在? 说明了IT 的战略意义和规划. 市场全球化、竞争激烈化, 企业由资本经营转向信息经营是当代环境的特点; 管理论空虚, 组织落后, 效率低下是其困境; 出路在于BPR; IT 将对其产生巨大影响, 而IT 的规划又是IT 成功的关键因素. 本文描述了一个IT 规划应含盖的内容.     

Globalization,The State and Public Administration: A Theoretical Analysis with Policy Implications for Developmental States

This article discusses the relationship between globalization, the state, and public administration, with implications for developmental states. Using a political economy analysis, globalization is discussed as the latest dynamic change in the context of the continuity within the process of surplus accumulation by corporate capitalism at the global level, a phenomenon with far reaching implications for the modern state, governance, and public administration. First, the context of change and continuity is briefly discussed, followed by a presentation of several theoretical perspectives on, and meanings of, globalization as defined by different people from different disciplines. Then, the causes and consequences of globalization are discussed with implications for the state and public administration. Finally, a number of policy choices are suggested in response to globalization by developmental states, with another discussion on the changing character and role of the state under globalization with implications for the state and public administration worldwide.     

养老金统筹账户与个人账户最优组合策略研究

本文使用投资组合理论对养老金统筹账户与个人账户的最优组合策略进行研究。为此,我们首先分析了确定性条件下的账户选择问题,然后,在随机假设下对不同账户的收益进行精算建模,在此基础上构建了养老金账户最优组合模型,最后,对上述模型进行了数值求解。研究表明：（1）统筹账户与个人账户的收益负相关,二者的组合能够形成一个有效的风险对冲机制;（2）混合制的有效边界在现收现付制和累积制的上方,因此,从风险-收益的角度讲,混合制优于单一养老金制度;（3）与最优账户组合相比,现行统筹账户的占比偏高,个人账户占比偏低。本文的政策含义在于,适当的降低现行统筹账户的占比,提高个人账户的占比能够降低养老金账户的风险水平,增加账户的收益。     

Do Shareholders Really Prefer Their Executives to Maximize the Equity Value? A Newsvendor Case*

In this article, we study how the operational decisions of a firm manager depend on her own incentives, the capital structure, and financial decisions in the context of the newsvendor framework. We establish a relationship between the firm’s cost of raising funds and the riskiness of the inventory decisions of the manager. We consider four types of managers, namely, profit, equity, firm value, and profit‐equity maximizers, and initially assume that they may raise funds to increase the inventory level only by issuing debt. We show that the shareholders are indifferent between the different types of managers when the coefficient of variation (CV) of demand is low. However, this is not the case when the CV of demand is high. Based on the demand and the firm’s specific characteristics such as profitability, leverage, and bankruptcy costs, the shareholders might be better off with the manager whose compensation package is tied to the firm value as opposed to the equity value. We, then, extend our model by allowing the manager to raise the required funds by issuing both debt and equity. For this case we focus on the equity and firm value maximizer managers and show that our earlier results (for the debt only case) still hold subject to the cost of issuing equity. However the benefit of the firm value maximizer manager over the equity maximizer manager for shareholders is considerably less in this case compared to the case where the manager can only issue debt. The Board of Directors can take these factors into consideration when establishing/modifying the right incentive package for the managers. We also incorporate the notion of the asymmetric information to capture its impact on the board of directors’ decision about the managers’ incentive package.     

Pathway Analysis for Population-Total Health Impacts of Toxic Metal Emissions

This article describes a simple model for quantifying the health impacts of toxic metal emissions. In contrast to most traditional models it calculates the expectation value of the total damage (summed over the total population and over all time) for typical emission sites, rather than "worst-case" estimates for specific sites or episodes. Such a model is needed for the evaluation of many environmental policy measures, e.g., the optimal level of pollution taxes or emission limits. Based on the methodology that has been developed by USEPA for the assessment of multimedia pathways, the equations and parameters are assembled for the assessment of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb, and some typical results are presented (the dose from seafood is not included and for Hg the results are extremely uncertain); the model is freely available on the web. The structure of the model is very simple because, as we show, if the parameters can be approximated by time-independent constants (the case for the USEPA methodology), the total impacts can be calculated with steady-state models even though the environment is never in steady state. The collective ingestion dose is found to be roughly 2 orders of magnitude larger than the collective dose via inhalation. The uncertainties are large, easily an order of magnitude, the main uncertainties arising from the parameter values of the model, in particular the transfer factors. Using linearized dose-response functions, estimates are provided for cancers due to As, Cd, Cr, and Ni as well as IQ loss due to Pb emissions in Europe.     

考虑参照依赖的企业合作创新演化博弈分析

合作创新具有实现资源互补,降低创新风险,提高创新成功可能性的优势,但是在实践中企业间的合作关系却难以保持稳定性。本文基于有限理性假设,改变传统的期望效用理论,引入前景理论中的参照点概念,分析创新主体的效用,构建合作创新博弈收益感知矩阵,并基于该矩阵对合作创新博弈双方的行为进行演化博弈分析,为保持合作创新的持续性提出建议。研究表明,企业对创新收益的感知价值、合作创新成本、收益分配和成本分担等因素是合作稳定性的重要影响因素,增强企业对长期的战略性合作创新收益的感知,引导企业建立正确的创新风险认知,控制合作创新的交易成本等措施将有利于增强合作创新的稳定性。     

产业共性技术产学研协同研发策略的微分博弈研究

针对产业共性技术产学研协同研发问题,本文以单个研究机构（大学、科研院所）和单个企业为研究对象,通过构建微分博弈模型,运用HJB方程分别分析了三种产业共性技术研发博弈情形下研究机构和企业各自的最优研发努力程度、最优研发收益、双方最优研发总收益以及企业对研究机构的研发投入补贴。通过对三种博弈结果的比较分析发现：（1）研发投入补贴作为一种激励策略,可促进研究机构研发努力程度、研究机构与企业各自研发收益以及双方研发总收益的提升;（2）协同合作博弈情形下研究机构与企业各自研发努力程度、各自研发收益和双方研发总收益均优于非合作情形。为协调研究机构与企业的产业共性技术协同研发行为,通过讨论收益分配系数α的取值范围进而分析产业共性技术产学研协同研发的收益协调机制。最后,通过算例分析验证了理论推导的结果。     

不对称信息下线上零售商定价与O2O渠道策略研究

针对由制造商和线上零售商组成的供应链，考虑消费者退货行为以及产品退货会给企业造成退货损失，且线上零售商退货损失为其私有信息，研究不对称信息下的供应链定价、O2O渠道策略以及合同设计问题，分析线上零售商引入O2O渠道的可行条件及其对供应双方最优决策和消费者剩余的影响，考察不对称信息对各个企业、供应链系统利润的影响。研究表明，线上零售商引入O2O渠道存在可行条件，取决于退货损失的大小；当线上零售商引入O2O渠道时，制造商和供应链系统的期望利润水平均能得到有效提升；O2O渠道策略有利于提高消费者剩余，但到体验店体验产品的消费者不一定能够得到更高的消费者剩余；如果满足一定条件，则线上零售商会选择信息共享谈判与制造商共享其私有信息，进而实现"双赢"。     

Costs of Health Damage from Atmospheric Emissions of Toxic Metals: Part 1—Methods and Results

Significant quantities of toxic metals are emitted to the air by the incineration of waste, as well as by the combustion of coal and oil. To optimize the regulations for their emissions one needs to know the cost of their damage. That requires an impact pathway analysis, with realistic dispersion models, exposure‐response functions, and monetary values. In this article we explain the method and assumptions and present results for arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead, the most important toxic metals in terms of damage cost. We also estimate their contribution to the damage cost of waste incineration and electric power from coal for typical situations in Europe. The damage costs of As, Cd, and Pb are much higher than previous estimates because of a large number of new epidemiological studies, implying more and more serious health effects than what had been known before. New cost‐benefit studies for the abatement of toxic metal emissions are advisable. The discussion of the epidemiological studies and the derivation of exposure‐response functions are presented in two companion articles, one for As and Cd, the other for Hg and Pb.     

顾客忠诚对差异化竞争制造商市场入侵的影响研究

本文针对一个在位制造商和一个入侵制造商组成的供应链,结合两个竞争性制造商各自生产和销售一种存在差异化的替代产品,以及存在的顾客忠诚行为,建立了不存在差异化竞争制造商和竞争环境下的博弈模型,并得到唯一均衡解。研究结果表明,两个竞争性制造商均存在四种不同的定价策略;在满足一定条件下,在位制造商通过策略性定价有可能阻止差异化竞争制造商入侵市场;市场入侵并不一定会影响在位制造商的最优定价策略,但当差异化竞争制造商成功进入市场时,市场竞争会促使在位制造商实施低价策略,并导致位在制造商利润损失。     

Bertrand寡占市场企业交叉持股时定价策略和最优持股的研究

本文首先研究了公司间交叉持股的利益分配问题,导出了n个公司间交叉持股的利润分配公式。以此为基础,导出了Bertrand寡占市场公司间交叉持股时价格反应函数和均衡价格的一般表达式。通过构建一个两阶段动态博弈,着重研究了Bertrand双寡头市场两厂商交叉持股时的均衡策略问题,给出了厂商间均衡定价与最优持股,分析了均衡策略对厂商经济行为及市场绩效的影响。研究结果表明,可替代品市场的两厂商间交叉持股具有反竞争、促合作的效应。较之非交叉持股,均衡交叉持股提高了均衡价格水平,降低了两厂商各自的产量水平,使各自在较低产量水平下获得较高的利润,从而实现了两厂商间双赢的局面。然而,交叉持股将导致消费者剩余减少,社会经济福利降低。