乡风文明助推乡村振兴的湖南实践及其启示——基于湖南省乡风文明“千村万户大调查”的分析

乡风文明作为乡村振兴五项总要求之一,贯穿于乡村振兴的全局,既是乡村振兴战略的核心与灵魂,也是乡村全面振兴的内在要求和质量保证。湖南省在乡风文明助推乡村振兴的实践中取得了较为明显的成效,制度建设逐步形成体系,公共文化服务体系日渐完善,移风易俗建设取得良好效果,基层党组织战斗堡垒作用进一步强化,农民的文明素养明显提高。乡风文明建设助推乡村振兴在湖南省的实践表明,制度建设是保证,完善公共文化基础设施是前提,移风易俗是重要内容,基层党组织是重要力量,激发村民主体性是根本。     

民族文化的适度开发策略与乡村旅游发展——基于一个撒拉族村落“农家乐”实践经验的讨论

如何通过适度开发民族传统文化,使其在良性变迁中得到传承,是民族地区乡村旅游可持续发展的前提。本文以青海省循化撒拉族自治县A村为例,分析了其在发展乡村旅游的过程中对民族传统文化的适度开发策略,并对其实践这一策略的基础条件和原因进行了梳理,提出应从社区建设和社区发展的角度着手,探索有助于乡村旅游可持续发展的新途径。     

乡村振兴背景下新乡贤参与民族地区乡风文明建设的路径

在实施乡村振兴战略的时代背景下,乡风文明建设作为“铸魂”工程直接关系到乡村振兴目标的实现。当前,民族地区乡风文明建设中呈现出传统文化传承断裂、落后观念仍然普遍存在、公共文化服务能力不足等诸多问题,其中乡村人才缺乏以及乡村人才如何参与乡风文明建设是当下面临的主要问题。因此,新乡贤作为乡村精英理应成为民族地区乡风文明建设的有生力量,并可以基于自身情怀、责任及资财禀赋,通过嵌入式“在场”参与到乡风文明建设中,如通过开展对传统文化的传承创新活动提升乡村民众的文化自信,通过挖掘和弘扬乡村礼俗促进乡村善治,通过融入公共文化服务体系建设引领社会主义核心价值观在乡村的实践等,由此助推淳朴民风与和谐乡风的形成,为民族地区乡村振兴提供坚强保障。     

构建覆盖城乡的“树型”公共文化惠民服务体系——以赣州为例对“文化惠民”活动开展的几个思考

文化惠民活动不仅丰富了群众文化生活,更重要的是在潜移默化中悄然提升着城乡居民的文化品味.赣州用群众喜闻乐见的文化活动服务群众、影响群众、教育群众,形成了以市群艺馆为“根基”,县乡文化馆站为“骨干”,乡村社区农民业余剧团、艺术团队为“枝叶”,市县乡村四级联动、横向互动、覆盖城乡的“树型”公共文化惠民服务体系.     

宗教仪式和戏曲的一次文化展演——甘肃环县兴隆山庙会调查报告

甘肃环县兴隆山庙会是我国乡村道教庙会的典型代表,文革中曾一度中断,80年代初期恢复,至今再次繁荣,正经历着从宗教型庙会向经济型庙会转变的过程。笔者经过七天的田野调查,从兴隆山庙宇概况、庙会的组织与管理、斋醮仪式以及庙会戏曲等几个方面,展现了一幅多彩的当代乡村庙会文化画卷。     

构建覆盖城乡的“树型”公共文化惠民服务体系——以赣州为例对“文化惠民”活动开展的几个思考

文化惠民活动不仅丰富了群众文化生活,更重要的是在潜移默化中悄然提升着城乡居民的文化品味。赣州用群众喜闻乐见的文化活动服务群众、影响群众、教育群众,形成了以市群艺馆为"根基",县乡文化馆站为"骨干",乡村社区农民业余剧团、艺术团队为"枝叶",市县乡村四级联动、横向互动、覆盖城乡的"树型"公共文化惠民服务体系。     

博物馆,推动社区发展的新文化势力——蚌埠市博物馆“走进社区” 活动的探索与思考

博物馆不应该是单纯面向少数人的研究型殿堂,而应该是面向大众的公共文化普及课堂。作为本城市的人文历史类综合性博物馆,蚌埠市博物馆开展的"博物馆走进社区"活动,增加了市民对博物馆知识的了解,并开展了诸如博物馆图片展览、文物法规以及文物知识咨询、文博专家现场免费文物鉴赏、免费宣传册页领取、讲解员现场讲解等活动,以开放的观念进行创新的博物馆活动,以更科学、更有效的方式让社会来关注并共享地区历史文化资源。蚌埠市博物馆走进社区活动吸引了大量市民的参与,丰富了市民的业余文化生活、提升了博物馆的形象,为探索博物馆在新时期社区文化发展中应起到的作用,做了一次有意义的尝试。针对这次活动所取得的成果和展示出的不足,结合新时期社区发展的前进方向,笔者对于如何让博物馆成为社区发展的新动力进行了一些思考和分析。     

项目制背景下乡村公共品的供给嵌入与需求内生——不完全契约理论的分析视角

基于不完全契约的理论视角发现,以项目为载体的乡村公共品供给过程中存在明显的嵌入现象,自上而下的供给嵌入必然导致乡村社会需求的内生。供给嵌入与需求内生的双重现象不仅给中央政府的投资带来障碍,还加剧了地方财政困境,导致乡村公共品供给不足。通过建立再谈判机制、实现政府纵向一体化以及形成契约第三方的监督执行机制对于乡村公共品项目制供给路径的优化具有重要实践意义。     

农民再造与乡村发展--文化农民系列研究之一

通过对近百年来乡村发展理论和实践的回顾,认为乡村发展应充分发挥农民的积极性和创造力,是农民再造乡村,而不是再造农民的过程。眼下由于乡村社会有着较强的异质性,因此除了制度或机制上得到保障外,塑造出更多有参与和创造能力的农民即文化农民是乡村可持续发展的关键。     

基于原型观念的少数民族乡村独立文化价值营建

在少数民族地区,乡村文化的原型、乡村的传统观念及其所形成的乡村文化价值,目前处于"乡村文化建设者"所忽视甚至抛弃的倾向,文化的引导者及设计者们将城市的观念、方法、措施等不假思索地倾倒给乡村,使乡村失去了文化自信和自觉。本文从彝族建筑文化原型及营建观念的视角,阐释乡村建设的"文化价值",强调文化原型作为乡村建设的核心支撑,旨在给当下乡村建规划设计师与决策者提示出"独立文化价值",并据此构筑起彝族地区乡村营建的策略,赋予乡村建设发展的新文化内涵。     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone,Reflected Race,and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks,Latinxs, and Whites

Race and Social Problems - How do Black, Latinx, and White people who believe they are mistaken as a member of another racial group perceive the amount of racial discrimination they experience, and...     

论"民族"(上)

本文标题中列出的一连串概念 -术语 ,成为目前处于社会科学各学科 (从民族学到哲学 )关注中心的一组问题。С·Е·雷巴科夫的佳作———《民族的哲学》① ———是对民族问题(этнонациональнаяпроБлематика)进行哲学思考的鲜明实例。这部著作以其对于至今仍然是争论对象的现象 ( феномен)的独到见解而著称 ,因为它 (指现象———译者 )是如此自相矛盾和形态多样 ,以至无论怎样也不想去硬套某种理论或观念。《民族的哲学》的作者在分析有关民族问题的大量著作的过程中采用了另外一种科学方法 ,我深信 ,…     

Enoch Powell,empires, immigrants and education

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Enoch Powell’s infamous ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech, an intervention that is still viewed as one of the most incendiary statements of the perceived decay and violence likely to follow legislation intended to assure minoritised British citizens of equal rights regardless of their ethnic origin. In this essay, Sally Tomlinson (one of Britain’s foremost multicultural theorists) reflects on Powell’s legacy and the contemporary scene where in the US, UK and across Europe, White resentment and fear is increasingly shaping ‘mainstream’ debates about nationhood, migration and education.