城市社区居家养老服务需求及其影响因素——基于全国性的城市老年人口调查数据

文章利用中国老龄科学研究中心2010年"中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查"的城市老年人数据,研究城市老年人社区居家养老服务的需求现状及其影响因素,并试图从需求层面探索养老服务产业发展受到限制的原因.研究表明,城市老年人有较高的社区居家养老服务需求,然而需求被满足的程度却较低.影响因素方面,崇尚节俭和为子女着想等传统文化因素确实抑制了老年人的居家养老服务需求;而"未富先老"限制养老服务产业发展却是一个过于笼统的论断,在某些细分产业内,"未富先老"的负面作用并不那么明显.此外,健康状况是老年人对医疗保健和康复护理服务需求的硬约束.儿子和女儿则在为父母提供养老服务方面发挥了不同的作用.     

西安市社区老年人照护服务的利用和需求研究——基于典型社区的调查

利用在西安市三个典型社区进行的176份问卷调查结果,对社区老年人利用社会照护服务的现状及需求进行了研究.结果表明,社区老年人总体利用社会照护服务的水平不高,在大多数项目上存在着增加服务的巨大需求,社区老年居民对社会照护服务的利用和需求受社会人口特征、家庭照顾、健康状况和社区等因素的影响.     

开展敬老助老系列服务工程

近年来,华北制药集团公司充分发挥计生协优势,积极探索如何开展适合老年人需求的优质服务,全面开展敬老助老的系列服务工程,进一步解决职工的老有所养、老有所乐的问题。 1. 将为老年人服务列入年度集团工作计划。把关注老年人权益和服务纳入年度工作计划,列入对厂计生办、计生协     

我国社区居家养老服务均等化研究

当前,国家对建立居家养老服务体系越来越重视,城乡社区居家养老服务得到较快发展。但是,在各地社区居家养老服务的发展过程中,还存在服务不均等、不均衡的现象。利用中国老龄科学研究中心2006年"中国城乡老年人口状况追踪调查"的数据,详细分析目前我国社区居家养老服务的需求、供给与利用状况,着重分析城市与农村,东部、中部与西部在社区居家养老服务的供给、需求与利用之间的差异。认为我国目前的社区居家养老服务存在着明显的不均等现象,需要针对城乡和不同地区社区居家养老服务的实际情况与老年人的需求状况分别制定相应的措施。     

老年人口长期护理需求及影响因素分析--基于上海调查数据的实证分析

老年人长期护理问题已经成为当前我国重要的社会问题之一。文章基于上海市28个社区的调查数据,利用相关定量模型,实证分析上海老年人对护理服务的需求、满意情况及其影响因素。研究发现：不仅老年人健康状况、长期护理费用对老年人口长期护理需求有显著影响,更为重要的是长期护理的资源供给情况已经成为制约老年长期护理发展的关键因素。明确老年人口长期护理服务的责任主体,建立以老年护理需求为导向的评估体系,构建政府主导、社会多元主体参与的长期护理服务体系成为应对人口老龄化风险的有效路径。     

社区照料服务可及性对城市老年人生活满意度的影响

文章利用2011、2014和2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查数据（CLHLS），实证检验社区照料服务可及性对城市老年人生活满意度的影响。研究发现：（1）社区照料服务可及性显著提升了老年人生活满意度评价为“很好”和“好”的概率，降低了“一般”和“不好、很不好”的概率。（2）异质性检验结果表明，社区照料服务可及性对于自我健康感知较差、对非家庭成员有社会依赖、仅与子女同住或与配偶及子女共同居住的老年人生活满意度提升效果更显著。（3）对于目前尚无照料需求的老人，社区照料服务可及性减轻了其焦虑程度，进而提高了生活满意度；对于有实际照料需求的老人，在家庭照料未满足时社区照料服务可及性能够显著提升其生活满意度。文章认为，应充分认识社区照料服务对老年人幸福晚年的价值和作用，提供全方位的社区照料服务，实现老有所护、老有所安，提升老年群体服务获得感、照料满足感和生活幸福感。     

21世纪的人口老龄化：成就与挑战

联合国人口基金和国际助老会发布的《21世纪的人口老龄化：成就与挑战》报告中,亮点之一是对60个国家6万多名60岁以上的老年人如何开展＂老龄化召唤行动＂运动的一项全球性调查,呼吁各国政府和国际社会维护老年人权利、解决老年人关注的问题和满足老年人需求。老年人可以是贡献者,而不是负担。日本是世界上老龄化程度最高的国家,老年人在经济增长很多方面都是积极的贡献者。     

中国社区居家养老服务均等化研究——基于有照料需求老年人的分析

老龄化带来的重要挑战之一就是失能老人的照料问题。促进基本公共服务均等化既是落实以人民为中心理念、保障公民基本权益的应有之义,也是政府提供公共服务的出发点和目标。本文使用"第四次中国城乡老年人生活状况抽样调查"原始数据,以有照料需求老人为对象,探讨他们在社区居家养老服务中的总体状况和在城乡、地区、群体间的差异。分析发现对有照顾需要的老人来讲,各项养老服务总体上呈现出服务需求大于服务供给和服务供给大于服务利用的特征。各项养老服务的供给、需求、利用结构存在明显差异,有照料需求老人对上门看病需求最大,其次是康复护理、上门做家务和日间照料,对老年辅具用品租赁和助浴服务需求比较低。群体方面,除性别外,年龄、婚姻和经济状况都影响着养老服务的均等化实施。地区层面的养老服务供给、利用等方面也存在显著差异。基于此,本文提出了一些针对性的措施,如未来要大力发展上门看病、康复护理、日间照料、上门做家务、助餐服务和助浴服务等居家养老服务;政府、社会、组织要逐步改变老年人观念,引导老年人积极利用各项养老服务;政府和社会要加大对丧偶、经济困难老人的服务力度;同时也要加大农村和中西部地区的养老服务设施建设。     

城市社区照顾模式研究

在全球老龄化背景下,社区照顾逐渐成为了一种主流的养老模式。我国人口的老龄化与高龄化、家庭照顾功能的弱化使老年人的日常生活照顾问题凸显,发展城市社区照顾已成共识。通过对老年人日常生活照顾需求的分析,在社区照顾理论与起源的基础上,提出目前我国已具备发展城市社区照顾的基本条件,探索出城市社区照顾发展的目标模式。     

城市社区养老服务需求及影响分析——以长春市的调查为例

老年人社区养老服务需求主要包括经济需求、健康医疗需求和休闲娱乐需求等方面,但是对于不同地区、不同老年人,影响需求的因素存在一定的差异。"我国老年人生活状况及养老公共服务需求调查"对长春市社区老年人生活状况及养老服务需求进行调查分析,结果显示,居住类型对老年人经济方面的需求有显著影响,性别和居住类型对老年人医疗健康方面的需求有显著影响,在影响老年人休闲娱乐的诸多因素中,代际关系和受教育程度的影响最为显著。     

Differentials in divorce in maryland

The basic data needed for measurement of the risks of termination of the legal relationship of marriage by characteristics of the marital partners are not available at this time for the United States because the national divorce registration area includes less than half the States. Special studies based on selected census data or the records of marriages and divorces occurring in one State or community have provided much of the valuable but limited information at hand. Statistics for individual States are subject to substantial bias as a consequence of inter-State migration between time of marriage and time of divorce, but they must serve as a basic data source until national reporting has improved. A record linkage study was undertaken which tied marriages occurring in the State of Maryland in 1959 with divorces occurring in the State in the years 1959–66. Relative, not actual, divorce risks by race, age at marriage, and previous marital status were calculated for couples with at least one partner an in-State resident at the time of marriage. The dissolution rate was higher for whites than for nonwhites. Marriages contracted by persons at very youthful ages and by persons who had been married previously were found subject to greater than average risks of dissolution through divorce.     

城市计划生育技术服务方式创新--南京市玄武区政府购买计划生育技术服务的实践

建立政府牵头、计卫联手、资源共享的计划生育技术服务体系 ,开展以知识普及、知情选择、随访服务、咨询指导、健康促进为主要内容的计划生育避孕节育和生殖保健优质服务 ,最大限度地满足社区育龄群众在计划生育和生殖保健方面的需求 ,是城市计划生育技术服务改革发展的方向1 。近几年 ,南京市玄武区计划生育局在区委、区政府的领导以及省市计生委的支持下 ,根据新时期城市计划生育工作改革发展要求 ,积极推进政府计划生育部门的职能转变 ,探索计划生育技术服务方式的改革创新 ,尝试依托社区医疗卫生和妇幼保健服务网络 ,由政府购买计划生育…     

Major Tasks in Health and Family Planning in China in 2015

On January 12,2015,at the regular press briefing of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC),NHFPC reported the major tasks in health and family planning in China in 2015.The details are as follows:In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform In-depth Development of Medical and Health System Reform.     

Increases in childlessness in New Zealand

New Zealand’s fertility fell below the theoretical replacement level (2.1 births per woman) for the first time in recorded history in 1978. It has hovered at or below replacement level ever since. The result, an impression of relative stability, belies changes taking place. Data from the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses show a pattern of delayed childbearing and increased childlessness. In a little over 30 years, childlessness has shifted from being almost entirely a consequence of a couple’s infecundity to being as frequently a result of a woman’s life choices. The steady rises in childlessness recorded by successive cohorts suggest that childlessness is already having a significant effect on New Zealand fertility. Patterns in characteristics of those women choosing not to start families, as well as subtle differences in these patterns between New Zealand and other developed nations, suggest that there is a significant potential for childlessness to cause a more dramatic shift in New Zealand’s total fertility rate. This analysis examines growth in childlessness in relation to marital status, country of birth, ethnicity, regional and urban differentials, religion, and educational attainment of women who were childless at the 1981, 1996 and 2006 censuses.

Shifts in Reproductive Patterns in China

The People's Republic of China, during the second half of the twentieth century, has been repeatedly affected by social and political upheavals associated with government policies. These have produced strong but unexpected impacts on Chinese demographic patterns. Many of these policies are of the sorts that alter reproductive costs and benefits. This study examines patterns in Hebei, Shaanxi, and Shanghai, three provinces with differing ecological, geographic, and economic characteristics. Government policies affected the three populations differentially; this was evident at both aggregate and individual levels. The Great Leap Forward and subsequent famine created higher birth deficits and mortality among the largely rural populations of Hebei and Shaanxi than the more urban Shanghai. In contrast, the Cultural Revolution and family planning resulted in lower fertility levels for women in Shanghai. The population history of China during the second half of last century thus reflects strong state interventions in the lives of its citizens. Government policies, along with regional variations in geographic, social, and economic conditions, strongly influence individual access to resources in China. Variations in timing and intensity of women's reproductive patterns reflect differential access to resources and subsequent trade-offs.     

Materialism in Pedagogy Students in Chile

Many studies have used Richins and Dawson’s (J Consum Res 19: 303–316, 1992) Material Values Scale (MVS), applying it to different types of populations that exhibit a particular psychometric behavior, and showing little stability in their factorial structure. In the present study, 1,070 pedagogy students from the northern, central and southern regions of Chile answered the MVS. This sample was randomly divided in two. Using the first sub-sample (N = 539), an exploratory factorial analysis was carried out, from which a structure of nine items was grouped into two factors called “Social Success” and “Personal Happiness”, which presented adequate reliability. Later, with the second sub-sample (N = 531), the factorial structure indicated above was put to the test through a confirmatory factorial analysis. The data from the model show that the scale contains 8 items in total, grouped into two dimensions. The factorial loads are significant at the level of 1 %, which indicates that the 2-factor structure can be confirmed. Finally—using the proposed structure—the presence of the students’ material values was evaluated.     

论西部开发中的城市发展问题

本文在对近20年来我国城市发展进行回顾与反思的基础上,提出了西部制定城市发展战略和选择城市发展道路的基本原则以及若干城市发展对策措施.     

Trends in life expectancy in wellbeing

Objectives: This paper describes anddiscusses trends in life expectancy inwellbeing between 1989 and 1998.Methods: Data on wellbeing by theBradburn Affect Balance Scale is obtained fromthe Netherlands Continuous Health InterviewSurveys for the calendar years from 1989 to1998. Using Sullivan's method, life expectancyin wellbeing is calculated.Results: For males at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing increases significantlyfrom 52.7 years in 1989 (90.1% of the totallife expectancy) to 54.4 years in 1998(90.8%). This increase is almost completelycaused by the increase in total lifeexpectancy. For females at the age of 16, lifeexpectancy in wellbeing raises significant from54.4 years in 1989 (84.1%) to 56.2 years in1998 (86.3%). This increase is almostcompletely caused by a decrease in the numberof years in a state of distress.For both males and females at the age of 65,the significant increase of life expectancy inwellbeing exceeds the increase in total lifeexpectancy and is mainly caused by the decreasein number of years in distress.Conclusion: Contrary to life expectancyin good perceived health and to disability freelife expectancy – which show a decreasing trend– the overall wellbeing of the population isincreasing. It seems that aspects in human lifethat contribute to wellbeing or quality of lifeother than physical health are gaining inimportance. This makes life expectancy inwellbeing a less appropriate instrument tomonitor changes in population health, but auseful instrument to measure population qualityof life.     

Changes in Living Standards and Depopulation in Latvia in the 1990s

Social Indicators Research -     

"非典"期间全国农村地区跨省流入人口调查数据分析

在2003年抗击非典的关键时期,国家人口和计划生育委员会进行了全国农村地区跨省流入人口的调查.本文着重分析这项调查所获得的数据,并对数据的一致性做出说明.既揭示了我国农村流动人口的基本特征和非典时期农村人口流动的规模和流向特点,又反映了非典对这一时期全国人口的流动所产生的影响,同时展示了我国抗击非典工作在农村地区所取得的成绩.