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1.
Most research on the non-economic quality of life have been (a) on a national level or performed on cross-country comparisons,
and/or (b) used subjective indicators to measure how people perceive their non-economic quality of life. In this paper, our
main contribution is to construct objective indicators of the non-economic quality of life for 354 sub-national magisterial
districts in South Africa. We also compare changes in these indicators over time, and consider methodological issues in the
construction of objective indicators of non-economic quality of life. We find that although income does matter for the overall
quality of life, non-income components of the quality of life can make an important difference. We find a number of places
with low incomes that have been able to achieve higher than expected outcomes in terms of the non-economic quality of life,
and that some of the relative income poor areas have improved their non-economic ranking between 1996 and 2004. We also find
that the geographical/environmental quality of life in South Africa is better in non-urban areas, where fewer of the country’s
population is residing. Significant improvements in the overall quality of life may be achieved through improvements in the
urban natural environment.
相似文献
Wim NaudéEmail: |
2.
Jad M. Chaaban 《Social indicators research》2009,93(2):351-358
This paper develops an empirical methodology for the construction of a synthetic multi-dimensional cross-country comparison
of the performance of governments around the world in improving the livelihood of their younger population. The devised ‘Youth
Welfare Index’ is based on the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and allows for cross-country benchmarking
and comparison over time. The value added of the youth index is to produce country-specific rankings and trace performance
evolution with respect to indicators solely centered on youth, unlike other development indicators like the Human Development
Index (HDI) which bundles many social and development indicators.
相似文献
Jad M. ChaabanEmail: |
3.
We describe the functioning of a two-region economy characterized by asymmetric wage setting. Labour market tightness in the
leading-region affects wages in the whole economy. In equilibrium, net labour demand shifts towards the leading region raise
unemployment elsewhere and leave regional wages unchanged, causing an increase in aggregate unemployment. Based on SHIW micro-data
on earnings, we find strong evidence that wages in Italy only respond to Northern unemployment. We estimate that around 33%
of the increase in Italian unemployment during 1977–1998 can be explained by regional mismatch, mainly due to an excess labour
supply growth in the South.
相似文献
Barbara Petrongolo (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
This paper introduces gender discrimination and population growth into a model of political economy. The government keeps up the military for the sake of political instability in the country. It is shown that if the risk of internal conflicts is high, then the government needs a bigger military and a larger supply of young men for it. The government is then willing to boost population growth by keeping women outside the production (e.g. neglecting their education or restricting their movement). Some empirical evidence on the interdependence of political instability, population growth, and gender discrimination is provided.
相似文献
Tapio Palokangas (Corresponding author)Email: |
5.
The changing nature of wage inequality 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Thomas Lemieux 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):21-48
The paper reviews recent developments in the literature on wage inequality with a particular focus on why inequality growth
has been particularly concentrated in the top end of the wage distribution over the last 15 years. Several possible institutional
and demand-side explanations are discussed for the secular growth in wage inequality in the United States and other advanced
industrialized countries.
相似文献
Thomas LemieuxEmail: |
6.
Growth and inequality: a demographic explanation 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
Kazutoshi Miyazawa 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):559-578
This paper investigates the relationship between growth and inequality from a demographic point of view. In an extended model of the accidental bequest with endogenous fertility, we analyze the effects of a decrease in old-age mortality rate on the equilibrium growth rate as well as on the income distribution. We show that the relationship between growth and inequality is at first positive and then may be negative in the process of population aging. The results are consistent with the empirical evidence in some developed countries.
相似文献
Kazutoshi MiyazawaEmail: |
7.
The impact of family policies on fertility in industrialized countries: a review of the literature 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Anne H. Gauthier 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(3):323-346
This paper examines the theoretical propositions and empirical evidence linking policies and fertility. More specifically,
the analysis presented in this paper draws attention to the complex mechanisms that theoretically link policies and demographic
outcomes: mechanisms that involve imperfect information and decisions that are rationally bound by very specific circumstances.
As to the empirical evidence, studies provide mixed conclusions as to the effect of policies on fertility. While a small positive
effect of policies on fertility is found in numerous studies, no statistically significant effect is found in others. Moreover,
some studies suggest that the effect of policies tends to be on the timing of births rather than on completed fertility.
相似文献
Anne H. GauthierEmail: |
8.
Empirical studies in the migration literature have shown that enclaves (networks) negatively affect the language proficiency
of migrants. Most of these studies do not address the choice of location as a function of language skills. Using data on Mexican
migration to the US, we show that migrants choose smaller networks as their English language proficiency improves.
相似文献
Ira N. Gang (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
This study reviewed three philosophical accounts of happiness, and then tested those accounts with the Asiabarometer surveys
conducted in six Confucian societies during the summer of 2006. Statistical analyses of these surveys reveal that East Asians
tend to experience happiness to a greater extent when they experience enjoyment together with achievement and/or satisfaction.
The preponderance of such multi-dimensional conceptions in all those societies poses a direct challenge to a single dimensional
account of happiness in the West. The analyses also reveal that positive assessments of interpersonal relationships matter
more than the amount of knowledge or wealth in living a happy life in Confucian societies.
相似文献
Doh Chull Shin (Corresponding author)Email: |
Takashi InoguchiEmail: |
10.
Suzanne L. Slocum-Gori Bruno D. Zumbo Alex C. Michalos Ed Diener 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):489-496
A case is made that measures used in quality of life and happiness research will be essentially unidimensional: inherently
tapping minor dimensions. This is illustrated using Diener’s Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). It is shown that the SWLS
does not meet the standard of strict unidimensionality, but that the interpretation of the total scale score is not compromised
because the additional dimensions are relatively minor. In the context of the example, a multi-step strategy is described
that allows researchers to test for essential unidimensionality. Throughout the article, essential unidimensionality is contrasted
with the received view of strict unidimensionality and confirmatory factor analysis methods.
相似文献
Bruno D. ZumboEmail: |
11.
Jungmin Lee 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):855-875
This study estimates the trade-off between child quantity and quality by exploiting exogenous variation in fertility under
son preferences. Under son preferences, both sibling size and fertility timing are determined depending on the first child’s
gender, which is random as long as parents do not abort girls at their first childbearing. For the sample South Korean households,
I find strong evidence of unobserved heterogeneity in preferences for child quantity and quality across households. The trade-off
is not as strong as observed cross-sectional relationships would suggest. However, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity,
a greater number of siblings have adverse effects on per-child investment in education, in particular, when fertility is high.
相似文献
Jungmin LeeEmail: |
12.
Scott Alan Carson 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(3):739-755
The use of height data to measure living standards is now a well-established method in economic history. By using a new source
of nineteenth century Texas state prison records, the present study contrasts the heights of comparable blacks and whites
between the Civil War and Reconstruction in the American South. White stature exceeded black stature. Between 1850 and 1870,
black stature declined by more than 1 cm but recovered toward the end of the nineteenth century. Postbellum white stature
declined by more than 1 1/2 cm over the same period yet never recovered.
相似文献
Scott Alan CarsonEmail: |
13.
The Common European Asylum System calls for increased coordination of the European Union (EU) countries’ policies towards asylum seekers and refugees. In this paper, we provide a formal analysis of the effects of coordination, explicitly modelling the democratic process through which policy is determined. In a symmetric, two-country citizen-candidate setup, in which accepting asylum seekers in one country generates a cross-border externality in the other, we show that coordination is desirable. Internalizing the externality leads to a welfare improvement over the non-cooperative outcome. However, contrary to suggestions by many observers, we show that allowing for cross-country transfers in the cooperative outcome leads to a welfare inferior outcome because the possibility of compensation exacerbates strategic delegation effects.
相似文献
Gerald Willmann (Corresponding author)Email: Fax: +49-431-8803150 |
14.
Child mortality, fertility, and human capital accumulation 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Leonid V. Azarnert 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):285-297
This article analyzes the impact of decline in child mortality on fertility and economic growth. The study shows that the timing of mortality relative to education is crucial to implications of mortality decline. If child mortality is realized before education starts, an exogenous decline in child mortality leads to a decline in education—a finding that is opposite to those of studies that considered a decline in mortality after the cost of education has been incurred. The work also demonstrates the role of parental human capital in reducing child mortality and the causal link between rising education and declining child mortality.
相似文献
Leonid V. AzarnertEmail: |
15.
Anna Piil Damm 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):145-174
This paper exploits a Danish spatial dispersal policy on refugees, which can be regarded as a natural experiment to investigate
the influence of regional factors on recent immigrants’ location choices. The main push factors are lack of co-nationals and
immigrants. Additional push factors are lack of rental, including social, housing and lack of institutions for qualifying
education, which explain why recent immigrants are attracted to large cities. Finally, placed refugees tend to leave locations
with relatively high regional unemployment, and there is indirect evidence of welfare seeking.
相似文献
Anna Piil DammEmail: |
16.
Nikolaj Malchow-Møller Jakob Roland Munch Sanne Schroll Jan Rose Skaksen 《Social indicators research》2009,91(3):371-390
In this paper, we use data from the first two rounds of the European Social Survey to analyze the extent to which differences
in average attitudes towards immigration across the EU-15 countries may be explained by differences in socioeconomic characteristics
and individually perceived consequences of immigration, using an extension of a decomposition technique developed by Fairlie
(2005). We find that despite the significant effects of socioeconomic characteristics on attitudes, differences in the distributions
of these characteristics can only explain a modest share of the cross-country variation in average attitudes. A larger part
can be explained by differences in perceived consequences of immigration, but the main part is still left unexplained. Apart
from providing useful input for policy makers working in the area of immigration policy, this raises a number of questions
for further research for which the ESS data can be successfully applied.
相似文献
Jan Rose SkaksenEmail: |
17.
Akira Yakita 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(3):579-592
We examine the effect of an increase in life expectancy on portfolio choices of individuals and, thereby, on economic growth in a simple endogenous growth model populated by overlapping generations, in which money is introduced based on the money-in-the-utility-function approach. It is shown that an increase in longevity raises the balanced growth rate and lowers the inflation rate, offsetting the Tobin effect, if spillovers from accumulated capital to labor productivity sufficiently raise wage income and real savings, and, if not, it may retard economic growth and aggravate inflation. Under plausible conditions, the former will be the case.
相似文献
Akira YakitaEmail: |
18.
Asadul Islam 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):199-217
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined
by estimating a set of wage equations using a generalized Leontief production function. The paper finds that, in general,
there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while
older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall,
the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
相似文献
Asadul IslamEmail: |
19.
This paper estimates the impact of a recent expansion in Canadian paid family leave from 25 to 50 weeks on maternal employment
and transfer income. It finds the expansion coincided with increases in transfers to mothers of children age zero to one relative
to mothers of children age three to four, and with decreases in returns to work in the year after birth. These changes were
concentrated among economically advantaged groups of women, defined by marital status, education, and non-wage income. Despite
these changes, there was no evidence of a decrease in returns to work or relative employment for mothers of children age one.
相似文献
Maria HanrattyEmail: |
20.
Physical capital taxation and labor income taxation in an endogenous growth model with new generations 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This paper examines the growth and welfare effects of physical capital taxation and labor income taxation. It is found that
the impact of a rise in the physical capital tax rate on the balanced growth rate is crucially related to the birth rate,
but a rise in the labor income tax rate definitely reduces the balanced growth rate regardless of the birth rate. It is also
found that an increase in the physical capital income tax rate will harm the older but will benefit the younger, while an
increase in the labor income tax rate will benefit the older but will harm the younger.
相似文献
Ching-Chong LaiEmail: |