中小型软件项目进度管理方法研究

为提高项目成功率,研究了一种系统的软件项目进度管理方法.该方法结合实际项目的案例,考虑到中小型软件项目的特点,通过获得项目的工作量及各阶段工作量分布,进行分解得到项目的进度;在进度分解过程中,充分考虑到项目资源的可靠性和可用性问题;同时,也对进度计划的细化和监控进行了研究.     

公共建设性投资项目绩效评价体系

本文首先分析了公共建设性投资项目绩效评价研究的背景:公共建设性投资项目的重要意义和绩效评价体系构建的必然性.其次阐述了公共建设性投资项目绩效评价体系存在的问题:绩效评价体系不完善;绩效评价的成果未充分利用;绩效评价的标准难以统一.针对这些问题提出了相应了解决措施:进一步完善公共建设性投资项目绩效评价体系;进一步加强对绩效成果的研究,充分利用绩效成果;进一步划分绩效评价的标准等.     

基于银行授信额度的Max-NPV项目调度问题研究

本文对基于银行授信额度的Max-NPV项目调度问题进行研究.首先界定研究的假设条件并对文中所用到的符号进行定义;随后采用基于事件的研究方法构建了问题的整数规划优化模型;鉴于问题的NP-hard属性,设计了双层模拟退火搜索循环嵌套的启发式求解算法;最后对一个算例进行了求解分析,并讨论了银行授信额度及客户支付比例对项目收益的影响.结果表明:随着银行授信额度的提高,承包商安排项目进度自由度的增加使得其净现值得到改善,在支付比例较低的条件下项目完成时间也随之提前;当客户支付比例提高时,项目净现值单调上升,而项目完成时间呈先提前后延迟的变化趋势.     

基于FNN的软件项目绩效评价模型研究

从分析软件项目绩效评价指标体系不完善、评价方法不规范和模型考虑因素过于单一入手,应用统计分析理论建立软件组织状态、软件项目自身特征的指标体系;以文献研究的方式,界定软件项目绩效的内涵;提出了一种新的网络拓扑结构设计方法,建立了基于模糊神经网络的软件项目绩效评价模型;引入改进粒子群学习算法,准确高效地解决了评价模型连接权系数的确定问题。实证研究表明,该模型能够有效地评价软件项目绩效和识别项目风险因素,对软件组织制定风险规避策略、改善项目绩效水平、提供了决策支持信息。     

战略项目管理情境对项目权力配置的影响研究——基于战略权变视角

本文运用多案例研究方法,以不同战略项目管理情境下的四家企业为分析单元,对战略项目管理情境如何影响项目权力配置模式进行探讨。结果显示,战略项目管理情境可以由耦合度和成熟度两个维度的特征共同表征,而且两个维度对项目权力配置具有不同的影响关系;企业战略项目管理的发展水平越高,企业对项目越趋于分权。本研究将战略项目管理作为情境要素,提出了战略项目管理情境的四种分类;基于战略权变理论研究企业对项目的权力配置问题,丰富了权力配置理论的研究视角;最后,还指出了我国企业发展战略项目管理可以采用的两条权力配置演进路径。     

甲供资源约束条件下南水北调工程项目群工期-费用优化模型研究

在研究项目群工期—费用优化问题时，首先剖析了项目群工期—费用优化机理。然后建立了甲供资源约束条件下项目群实施前的工期—费用优化模型，对初始网络计划进行优化，使业主支付款净现值最小。但由于项目群中各合同项目间存在资源竞争和工期冲突等矛盾，可能引起某一合同项目的工期延误。基于此，构建项目群实施过程中的工期—费用优化模型，对实施前优化后的网络计划进行动态调整。最后结合南水北调某X项目群对比了不同工期—费用优化下的结果。结果显示：两阶段的项目群工期—费用优化可实现项目群的费用控制目标，为项目经理确定项目群中各合同项目的起始时间提供依据。     

大港油田基于瘦客户端技术的项目研究环境建设

本文阐述了大港油田基于瘦客户端技术的项目研究环境技术框架,即通过基于刀片集群技术和门户技术建立了软件集成应用环境,实现WEB访问专业应用软件;同时建立了以OpenWorks主库为核心的数据服务环境,完善了数据服务和归档模式,建立了一体化的项目研究环境,是对项目研究环境未来发展的探索研究。     

Max-npv项目进度问题研究评述

首先介绍了不受资源约束Max-npv项目进度问题在模型和算法方面的研究进展;随后,根据资源约束类型的不同,对可更新、不可更新及双重资源约束Max-npv项目进度问题的研究成果,特别是优化算法和启发式算法的设计进行了概述;最后,对Max-npv项目进度问题的研究现状进行了总结并指出进一步的研究方向。     

结构性隔离对NPD项目成功的影响研究

界定了结构性隔离这一NPD项目管理策略的概念;以复杂适应度景观理论为基础引入方案多样性、方案有效性和项目执行成本为中介变量,深入探索结构性隔离、中介变量、NPD项目成功三者之间的影响机理,提出相应的假设并建立研究模型。实证研究表明:结构性隔离分别与方案多样性、方案有效性、NPD项目成功呈显著正相关关系,而与项目执行成本相关关系不显著;方案多样性、方案有效性分别与NPD项目成功显著正相关;且方案有效性在结构性隔离对NPD项目成功的影响中有显著的中介作用。     

伙伴关系、结构嵌入与绩效:对公益性CSR项目实施的多案例研究

以企业推动、深入参与并多方合作为前提,选择了企业亲力亲为实施的4个公益性社会责任项目作为研究对象,探讨企业社会责任项目"如何做"的问题。基于项目内容,本文把4个项目案例分成产业开发与慈善捐赠两种类型,并运用多案例研究方法探讨了项目实施中的伙伴关系、结构嵌入及其与项目绩效的关系。研究发现:项目的类型影响到伙伴关系的构建与管理,进而影响到企业所嵌入项目网络的结构特征;企业的结构嵌入对项目绩效具有明显的影响关系。本文的研究对企业社会责任理论、社会合作伙伴关系理论以及社会嵌入理论做了有益的扩展与补充,同时对企业如何实施社会责任项目也有借鉴意义。     

A Structural model for the impact of supply chain relationship traits on project performance in construction

The objectives of this study are to discover the supply chain relationship traits in construction and their impact on the project performance. Using factor analysis technique, the supply chain relationship traits were determined to be collaboration in the supply chain, support and commitment to the supply chain, and sharing the benefits and risks. A two-step SEM model was then established to test the hypothesised relationship between the supply chain relationship traits and the project performance. The findings indicated that the supply chain relationship traits have a significant positive impact on the project performance. This study contributes to the body of knowledge relating to the construction supply chain management. The findings may help the parties to identify the attributes that may improve the relationships among them and result in better project performance.     

基于网络化制造平台的虚拟供应链组建及运作技术

回顾了国家自然科学基金资助项目"基于网络化制造平台的虚拟供应链组建及运作技术"(70272043)的研究情况,分析了该项目的研究目标,总结了其研究内容和研究方法,阐明了该项目的研究意义及所取得的成果。     

基于绿色供应链的产品生态设计模型与方法研究

简要回顾了国家自然科学基金委员会青年科学基金项目"基于绿色供应链的产品生态设计模型与方法"的立项背景,介绍了该项目的主要研究工作及取得的主要成果、学术交流与人才培养,以及代表性论著。     

工期-质量协调均衡的项目导向型供应链跨组织激励

在假定项目型组织之间平等合作的基础上,从项目价值增值最大化角度,考虑工期-质量目标努力成本关系,构建并剖析工期-质量协调均衡的项目导向型供应链跨组织激励模型,并对模型进行数据模拟和算例分析。结果表明,不论工期-质量目标间努力成本是否存在线性关系,以调整不同控制目标的激励强度为协调手段,实施工期-质量协调激励策略不仅可实现项目导向型供应链项目价值增值的最大化,而且可实现合作双方净收益的帕累托改善,进而使得承包商在工期-质量目标上合理分配资源和努力水平,实现项目工期-质量目标间的协调均衡。     

All You Need Is Trust? An Examination of Inter‐organizational Supply Chain Projects

This study examines the antecedents of supply chain project success. We first propose and test a model that describes the role of relationship‐level factors (trust and asymmetric dependence) and project‐level factors (between‐firm communication and within‐firm commitment) in determining supply chain project success. We find that project‐level factors completely mediate the effect of trust on project success. We conclude that trust, despite being a stronger predictor compared to asymmetric dependence, is necessary but not sufficient for supply chain project success. We then proceed to further explore the role of these factors by introducing a categorical scheme that differentiates supply chain projects based on the decision rights configuration of each project. This categorization enables us to explore how relationship‐level and project‐level factors can have different impact on performance based on the characteristics of a supply chain project. The findings offer insights into how to effectively manage supply chain projects and inter‐firm alliances.     

基于奖惩机制的建筑供应链工期协调优化研究

在研究由业主和建筑商组成的两级建筑供应链的工期协调优化问题时,首先建立了基于网络图的具有资源约束的传统工期费用交换问题的优化模型。针对传统工期优化模型的缺陷,建立了具有固定资源约束的考虑资金时间价值的工期优化模型。然后从供应链角度,考虑供应链成员决策的相互影响,建立了具有柔性资源约束的基于工期奖惩机制的工期协调优化模型。给出了模型的求解算法。最后结合算例对比了不同工期优化下的结果。结果显示,传统工期优化模型的优化结果很难在考虑资金时间价值的模型中实现,但通过奖惩激励可以实现甚至更进一步改进工期优化结果,同时实现项目工期控制目标协调优化和供应链的帕累托改善。     

Using simulation to manage project supply chain in the offshore oil and gas industry

This paper is aimed at comparing simulation against spreadsheets as decision support tools to properly manage project supply chain in the offshore oil and gas industry. The paper presents a case study related to the problem of sizing a chain for pipeline laying from an offshore field in the Barents sea to the Russian coast. Results obtained through a spreadsheet developed by an oil and gas company have been compared to the ones gathered from an ad hoc simulation model. A simulation model with no stochastic variable has been introduced: results are quite similar to the ones of the spreadsheet, which allowed to validate the simulation model. However, the spreadsheet cannot take into account the continuous move of the pipe-lay vessel while laying the pipes and it does not consider stochastic variables whose effect in real life is not negligible. Both weaknesses above are discussed.     

Green supply chain management: the case of the construction sector in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Restraining the negative environmental impacts of the construction sector constitutes one of the major challenges of the twenty-first century. However, efforts to address it have been largely fragmented. With environmental consequences of a construction project typically dispersed across its life cycle, i.e. from design through to end-of-life, greening this sector requires a supply chain wide focus inclusive of all key stages and stakeholders; also, all relevant aspects such as the nature of green practices implemented and associated drivers, barriers and performance implications need to be considered. This forms the focus of the present study where a comprehensive, green supply chain management oriented understanding of the construction sector is developed through the context of the UAE construction sector, and incorporating inputs from all key stakeholders, i.e. Developers, Architects/Consultants, Contractors and (material) Suppliers. The study contributes to improving the efficiency and effectiveness of greening of the construction sector.     

Managing Supply Chain Execution: Monitoring Timeliness and Correctness via Individualized Trace Data

Improvements in information technologies provide new opportunities to control and improve business processes based on real‐time performance data. A class of data we call individualized trace data (ITD) identifies the real‐time status of individual entities as they move through execution processes, such as an individual product passing through a supply chain or a uniquely identified mortgage application going through an approval process. We develop a mathematical framework which we call the State‐Identity‐Time (SIT) Framework to represent and manipulate ITD at multiple levels of aggregation for different managerial purposes. Using this framework, we design a pair of generic quality measures—timeliness and correctness—for the progress of entities through a supply chain. The timeliness and correctness metrics provide behavioral visibility that can help managers to grasp the dynamics of supply chain behavior that is distinct from asset visibility such as inventory. We develop special quality control methods using this framework to address the issue of overreaction that is common among managers faced with a large volume of fast‐changing data. The SIT structure and its associated methods inform managers on if, when, and where to react. We illustrate our approach using simulations based on real RFID data from a Walmart RFID pilot project.     

Impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation: a construction supply chain case study

This research proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework and demonstrates the impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation process for construction supply chains. The paper focuses on the supply chain of a large-scale housing project in order to illustrate the role of competitive capability and suppliers’ profile and its influence on supplier evaluation based on prevailing supply/market conditions. Various scenarios are investigated to demonstrate the impact of competition on supplier evaluation. The contribution of the study lies in highlighting the impact of supply/market conditions on MCDM decisions causing supplier evaluation ‘imbalance’ and MCDM usage. It is expected that the study will be useful for project management, construction, supply chain management, sourcing professionals. The findings of the study are generalisable to projects-based situations such as petroleum refinery and ship building where bill of materials typically consists of thousands of items and a large number of suppliers are involved.