也门变局及其影响研究

也门是阿拉伯世界的重要国家之一,在中东地区发挥着独特作用。当前也门变局已成为构成西亚北非动荡的重要组成部分,并有可能对中东格局、地区力量对比、阿拉伯世界发展前景,以及域外大国角逐态势等产生深远的影响。     

也门动荡转型中的恐怖活动与反恐策略

也门动荡和转型的一个特点是“和平”过渡，另一个特点是恐怖活动泛滥。恐怖势力在也门的动荡与转型过程中表现出极其活跃的态势，并采取了新的手段与策略，具有新的目标；也门政府力求确保将恐怖威胁遏制在一定的限度内，避免恐怖势力扰乱政治与社会转型；也门是当前美国在西亚北非反恐的核心区域之一，美国不仅要直接打击也门的恐怖活动，还试图通过在也门的反恐行动，有效遏制西亚北非的恐怖势力。恐怖活动对也门转型的威胁是多方面的和持久性的。     

美国“味”政变与埃及式民主

自2011年中东北非动荡之后,美国在面对埃及问题上的表现一直较为克制,以至于学界形成了两种截然不同的观点.一种认为,美国在应对西亚北非变局时的表现具有两面性、矛盾性等特点;另一种认为美国在应对西亚北非变局时表现的有条不紊,有的放矢,显示出特有的危机反应和战略调整能力.     

亚信会议拓展亚洲经济合作空间

经济人文合作是亚信会议的重要内涵 亚洲和太平洋地区正在成为21世纪全球经济中心,这一点已毋庸置疑。这一地区创造了世界57%的GDP。但是,当前这一地区面临着严峻的安全形势,导致不信任和地缘政治角逐的加剧。朝鲜半岛局势紧张,日本企图复活军国主义,亚太和南亚地区领土争端尖锐,西亚局势动荡,许多国家深受恐怖主义、极端主义、分离主义、有组织犯罪和毒品走私的困扰。由于该地区＂冷战＂结束后出现的＂碎片化＂发展趋势,各国各地区经济孤立发展,缺乏有效的经济融合,与世界经济全球化和区域经济一体化进程相悖。     

西亚北非诸国贫富现状

人均国民生产总值和居民的收入分配状况是分别用以衡量一个国家及其居民贫富程度的重要标准.本文拟对西亚北非诸国的贫富现状作一素描.一、国家的贫富现状西亚北非24个国家和地区的人均国民生产总值高低差距很大.世界银行发表的《世界发展报告》依据各国人均国民生产总值的多     

巴基斯坦恐怖组织与中东的联系及其对“动荡弧”地带的影响

中东与巴基斯坦反恐形势的互动是当前巴安全局势恶化重要的外部因素之一。基于巴所处的联系南亚与西亚、中亚的特殊地缘位置及其伊斯兰文化属性,本文重点考察了阿富汗、伊朗、沙特三个有重要相关性的国家对巴反恐局势的影响;基于全球恐怖主义网络的运作机制,本文从资金流、信息流、人员流三条主要联系渠道,分析了巴基斯坦恐怖势力与中东的联系。在此基础上,本文分析了巴局势恶化对“动荡弧”地带安全局势的影响,并就巴局势恶化对中国可能产生的影响以及中国应采取的对策进行了简要分析。     

征稿启事

《阿拉伯世界研究》是"国际问题研究"类刊物,一直致力于弘扬学术探索与创新,促进中国"阿拉伯学"、"中东学"的学科建设和发展。本刊长期关注阿拉伯—伊斯兰世界、西亚北非地区的政治、经济、人文等问题,强调对相关问题进行深入系统的学理探究、注重分析问题时的中国话语和全球视野。本刊的"聚焦话题"、"探索"等特色栏目特别注重对局势变化的及时分析与深度、广度探析。近期我刊特别关注的议题包括:"中阿合作论坛"十年来的发展;"丝绸之路"经济带;西亚北非局势的新     

巴基斯坦恐怖组织与中东的联系及其对“动荡弧”地带的影响

中东与巴基斯坦反恐形势的互动是当前巴安全局势恶化重要的外部因素之一.基于巴所处的联系南亚与西亚、中亚的特殊地缘位置及其伊斯兰文化属性,本文重点考察了阿富汗、伊朗、沙特三个有重要相关性的国家对巴反恐局势的影响;基于全球恐怖主义网络的运作机制,本文从资金流.信息流,人员流三条主要联系渠道,分析了巴基斯坦恐怖势力与中东的联系.在此基础上,本文分析了巴局势恶化对"动荡弧"地带安全局势的影响,并就巴局势恶化对中国可能产生的影响以及中国应采取的对策进行了简要分析.     

试论美国反恐与中东局势

美国巧遇恐怖袭击与中东地区关联深厚，而反恐行动更是为本已动荡的巴以局势增添了新的变数。反恐利益主导下的美国中东政策的不稳定性客观上加剧了中东局势的动荡。随着反恐行动的后续发展，伊拉克成为新打击对象，中东的两大热点--巴以争端和伊拉克问题在反恐框架中相互交织，中东局势未来走向与美国反恐息息相关。在可预见的将来，美国中东政策将在确保中东根本利益不受影响的前提下，根据反恐需要做相应调整，而巴以冲突将维持可控制的低烈度状态。     

“基地”马格里布分支的组织演变与行为模式

2011年"阿拉伯之春"后的北非局势陷入动荡,为恐怖主义在该地区的扩展提供了机遇,秉持伊斯兰极端组织教义的"基地"组织马格里布分支不断扩张,北非、中非、西非和东非面临的反恐形势日益严峻。本文主要探讨了"基地"组织马格里布分支在非洲的历史源起和发展。通过分析过去数年"基地"组织马格里布分支的袭击和绑架事件,归纳了该组织在非洲的行为特点,并认为,经历了多年的发展"基地"组织马格里布分支在活动地域上逐渐南移,在组织构成上更加"多元",在组织架构上不断"碎化"。结合相关当事国和西方国家对非洲恐怖主义的应对策略,中国应当对"基地"组织马格里布分支的扩张保持必要的警惕。     

Teaching Islam to educate multiethnic and multicultural literacy: seeking alternative discourse and global pedagogies in the Chinese context

In the post-9/11 era, growing scholarly literature and social concern have focused on Islamic education in Muslim-majority countries and for Muslim minorities in the West. However, public attention and academic research concerning the teaching of Islam as a world religion and a commonly shared human civilization, are barely understood in secular contexts and in public education. This issue requires more attention, especially in Asia. For the sake of future dialogue and further discussion, this paper is a tentative attempt at initiating this understudied issue of teaching Islam as multicultural literacy. It inquires about the pedagogy of teaching Islam in an East Asian context by first briefly reflecting on the dilemmas of introducing Islam to the West and its implications for the university curriculum. Departing from the experience in North America and European societies, this article then attempts to explore alternative pedagogical discourse in teaching Islam to Chinese students in the East Asian context by considering its specific geographical position in global politics and the recent development of Hong Kong. This article finally foresees the developing pedagogy of Islamic teaching that challenges students to break away from the media cliché and apathy towards human suffering, leading them to understand that they themselves are the potential peacemakers of a future global multiethnic and multicultural society.     

The Education of Booker T. Washington: American Democracy and the Idea of Race Relations

Over the past decades, the impact of Atlantic ideas and ideologies in the Americas has become a constant subject of discussion. The ways in which the French and Haitian revolutions determined the actions of African slaves in the Americas have only been matched by the relevance given by scholars to the impact of British Abolitionist policies from 1807 onwards. West African wars associated with the transplantation of Islam were just as important. Until today, the impact and the very existence of Islam among West African slaves taken to Cuba have been all but overlooked. In this article, I attempt to establish connections between Islam in West Africa and Islamized West African slaves in Cuba. My key argument is that in one way or another, Islamized Africans were present in Cuba from a very early period and that they continued to arrive in the following centuries. There are certainly enough elements to offer a first, preliminary sketch of the presence and impact of Islamized West Africans in Cuba.     

State Building as a Source of Islamic Political Organization1

Previous research on political Islam in the Middle East and North Africa has been limited in providing a generalizable theory of its origins and systematically account for the cross‐national variation in the prevalence of Islamic movements. Following a state‐centered approach, this study argues that state‐building activities are a primary origin of Islamic movements. Regimes adopt religious symbolism and functions that legitimate the role of Islam in the public sphere. State incorporation of religion thus creates Islam as a frame for political action, with increased access to mobilizing resources and better able to withstand repression and political exclusion. To provide an explicit and systematic test of cross‐national variation, data on 170 political and militant organizations across the region are analyzed. Results indicate that state incorporation of religion is a crucial factor in the religiosity of movement organizations. Mixed effects of political exclusion and repression are found. No support is found for theories of economic grievances or foreign influence as causes of Islamic mobilization. In sum, analysis suggests that a state‐centered perspective is the most fitting account of political Islam.     

Biography and Colonial Discourse in ‘French West Africa’

Abstract

There are several biographies of West African leaders located in diaries and memoirs written by influential agents of the French colonization. Such location signals a specific narrative display characterized by the subordination of the biographies to narratives that, in general, celebrate the French historical and political experience in Africa. The investigation of such narratives exposes distorted interpretations of African historical figures and reveals a colonial biography of persuasion. For instance, the analysis of the biography of Ahmadou, last king of the Tukulor Empire, located in Méniaud's Les Pionniers du Soudan discloses a specific biographical strategy that aims to demonize the West African leader in order to impose a discourse of colonial necessity. To do so the biographer adopts a biographical mode of presentation articulated around adversarial references such as Islam and animism, or debatable cultural codes of practice.     

Immigrant Economic Integration: A Prospective Analysis over Ten Years of Settlement

The growing diaspora in migration has prompted Western countries in recent years to examine the factors contributing to the economic integration of newcomers. If their integration is unsuccessful, it could create economic inequalities and be burdensome to the host society. The inequalities experienced by working immigrants have often been examined through cross‐sectional data describing the situation at a specific moment in time, with limited consideration of the complexity of the immigrant's settlement experience. This paper examines the economic integration of new immigrants through prospective analysis and considers multiple factors concurrently in an effort to address some of this complexity. The current study focuses on employment disparities across source regions. The analyses are taken from a ten‐year longitudinal survey describing the socio‐economic experience of 429 new immigrants settled in the Montreal metropolitan area. Over time, wage and occupational mobility increase, although it appears stagnant for different groups of respondents from specific regions such as East Asia, North Africa and the Middle East. Also, like respondents from sub‐Saharan Africa, these respondents face difficulties sustaining a position in the labour market.     

“Islam Is Everywhere”: Pre-Arab Spring Coverage of Islam in the English Egyptian Press

This study investigates how Islam is reported by English-language Egyptian media. Much research has examined the orientalism that occurs in the coverage of Islam in the West, but little has occurred on how Islam is covered in a Muslim-majority context. This study conducted interviews with eight journalists who report on Islam as a part of their beat in Egyptian publications and a news framing analysis was performed on articles relating to Islam in English-language Egyptian news sources Al Ahram Weekly, Daily News Egypt, and Al-Masry Al-Youm in the months before Arab Spring radically altered the shape of the country. By applying orientalism, this study hopes to examine coverage of Islam in an environment where one would expect better portrayal of Islam and to examine the ways in which reporting regarding Islam foreshadowed the changes to come.     

Voices of Children from Around the Globe; An International Analysis of Children's Issues at Child Helplines

Child helplines around the world are an important mental health resource for many children. In this study, an international database was analysed with a total of 25 million registered calls at a total of 111 helplines affiliated with Child Helpline International. The research was aimed at discovering if there are differences between the reasons for calling of children from different parts of the world, and if shifts in the studied 10‐year period can be observed. The data show that all child helplines are contacted by young people seek support with questions concerning abuse, sexual matters and school issues. The results from a mixed model also show significant differences in the reasons for calling between Africa, Asia, Europe, Latin America, North America, the Pacific region and the region Middle East and North Africa. Child helplines in Africa and other developing parts of the world received many calls related to safety and health (e.g. HIV/AIDS, commercial exploitation), whereas children and young people from Europe, North America and the Pacific more often discussed social and psychosocial issues with the helpline (e.g. mental health, peer and family relations). The reasons for calling were relatively stable for the studied period.     

Back to Africa: Second Chances for the Children of West African Immigrants

This paper examines the phenomenon of West African parents living in Europe and North America who send their older children back home: from places of high immigrant aspiration to those of hardship and privation. Drawing on a project on West African immigration to Europe and on previous field studies in Africa, we conclude that West African immigrants fearing the consequences of their children's indiscipline in the West, where racism and hostility can endanger the entire family, may send unruly children back to the home country. In doing so, we believe, they build on long‐standing African disciplinary efforts in hopes of toughening their children's resilience to the challenges in the new place and wait for the risk to dissipate.