Pros and cons of clinical practice

Physician executives, especially those who are new to the profession or who are beginning career moves to positions of increasingly higher management responsibilities, are faced with the decision of maintaining a level of clinical practice or leaving practice altogether. This article explores the advantages and the disadvantages of mixing practice and management that have been expressed by physician executives.     

The pros and cons of drug testing in the business sector

The public policy issues of whether society should permit the business sector to test for the presence of illegal drug use by the employees is one in which seemingly convincing arguments can be advanced to support self-policing in this area as well as equally cogent arguments erected against the concept of empowering the corporate sector, to investigate the presumably enact sanctions against employee illegal drug usage.In this paper the authors will attempt to explore the controversy from several different scholarly perspectives, analyzing the most important arguments both for and against permitting the corporate sector to engage in employee drug testing. In criticizing each argument we will attempt to explicate the salient public policy implications, business effects and unique ethical issues that will have profound ramifications upon the larger society. In addition, we will analyze the current legal status of this controversy, citing the applicable controlling cases at the Federal level. Finally, the authors will give their policy recommendations based upon their analysis of the discussion in this paper.The authors believe it would be most advantageous to facilitate this discussion by first considering the arguments for permitting the corporate sector to engage in drug-testing employees for illegal substances, and then consider the arguments against permitting corporate drug-testing.     

Community health assessment: diagnosis and prescription

Community health assessments are ideally a joint effort by all the major health care providers in the community, working in concert with local government, business, and concerned community groups. A noble activity, no doubt, but clearly a lot of trouble. Physicians, whose potential to contribute to community assessments is obvious, frequently avoid them. Whether in management or clinical practice, they ask: Is this really worth my time? Will it make any difference? Isn't there a better way? But, rightly or wrongly, physicians often have a disproportionate amount of influence on the community assessment process. That influence, whether you attribute it to respect, credibility, or power, adds value to the process. The most important quality the physician brings to the process is genuine concern for his or her patients that generalizes to the health of the entire community.     

股权控制、投资规模与利益获取

基于资本投资形成控制权收益的理论阐释,实证考察了不同国有股权控制特征下资本投资对控制权收益的影响. 1)整体而言,投资规模与控制权收益正相关. 2)资本投资对控制权收益的影响在不同股权控制分类下呈现显著差异,但对大股东持股比例不敏感;3)地方企业集团所控上市公司,其控制权收益对固定资产和股权投资规模的敏感性最高,分别为央企上市公司的10倍和6倍,为地方国资委上市公司的3.3倍和1.9倍;4)地方企业集团上市公司的资本投资在形成高控制权收益的同时,侵害了公司价值.上述研究为进一步完善股权分置改革后的上市模式选择,加快市场化进程以促进资本投资的私有利益外部化等方面提供了理论和经验依据.     

Labeling of nanotechnology consumer products can influence risk and benefit perceptions

Currently, there is no mandatory labeling for products containing synthetic nanoparticles. The public as well as other stakeholders have positive views about mandatory labeling. However, little is known how such a label influences the risk and benefit perception of a product. Consumers may infer that a label is a signal that there are risks associated with this technology. Data were collected in a survey experiment (N= 1,382). Participants were randomly assigned to one of six conditions. The control group received a picture of a sunscreen container without a label. One experimental group received a picture of a sunscreen container with a label. The other groups received, in addition to the sunscreen container with a label, some risk or benefit information. Results suggest that labeling of products may reduce consumers' benefit perception and increase risk perception. Labeling nanotechnology consumer products may change the public perception of the products. Respondents may have relied on the affect heuristic for assessing the risks and benefits of the sunscreen.     

The benefit of horizontal decentralization in durable good procurement

A conventional wisdom in industry and academia is that firms suffer from decentralized procurement. In this paper, we demonstrate an important and counter-intuitive benefit of procurement decentralization in a common setting where a firm with multiple divisions procures a durable good from a supplier. We start with a two-period model and obtain analytic equilibrium results on the supplier's wholesale prices, and the firm's procurement quantities and profits under procurement centralization and decentralization. These results show that the firm's profit will benefit from decentralization if and only if the product is durable. We further show that the profit improvement always increases in durability and the number of divisions. To generalize the basic model with two periods, we design an iterative algorithm to compute the equilibrium results for any number of periods. Our extensive numerical simulations show the robustness of our analytic results and managerial insights.     

基于强度效益的土地利用模式识别及状态监测

定义土地利用强度及强度效益等概念及其计算方法,提出４ 种描述区域内土地利用状况的土地利用典型模式,并在此基础上建立了土地利用强度测算及模式分类模型,给出了土地利用状态监测和模式识别方法．最后,给出了一个应用案例．这种新的方法能将土地利用的效益分析和土地利用活动对土地生态系统的损害结合起来,评估区域经济发展对土地生态系统作用的强度,这对于合理地利用土地资源,促进社会经济和生态环境的协调发展十分有益     

现金流权不一致、利益冲突与控制权阶段转移

基于不完全合约理论,考虑风险投资者和创业者现金流权不一致所导致的双方利益冲突,在阶段投资框架下分析风险投资者在各个阶段的阶段决策,以及双方在阶段投资时刻对现金流权和控制权的再谈判,进而揭示控制权在不同阶段的转移过程及其影响因素.研究结果表明,阶段投资时刻项目的业绩较好,风险投资者将继续投资并向创业者释放控制权;进一步,项目发展前景的初始预期越好以及第2阶段不确定性越小,风险投资者在阶段投资时刻越倾向于继续投资及释放控制权.研究结论解释了Kaplan和Strmberg关于控制权动态转移与项目不确定性、业绩关系的实证结果.     

实时交通信息诱导下的出行模式及效益评价

以往针对交通出行信息系统的研究主要集中在静态交通网络上,而很少研究实时出行信息诱导下驾驶员的动态行为反应.该文研究交通信息诱导下驾驶员的动态行为反应和交通网络上的非均衡交通演化,并在此基础上评价了出行信息系统的效益.首先建立了3种情况下的交通出行行为:正常交通情况下驾驶员的路径和出发时间选择行为;交通事故发生后驾驶员在...     

Measuring the benefit of changing the value offering in grocery supply chains

New value-adding solutions are needed for grocery supply chains to gain a sustainable competitive advantage in a market environment characterised by increased competition. This paper discusses two case studies that identify how improvements to the value offering brought about enhancements to the performance of the total supply chain. The concept of ‘time benefit analysis’ is applied to measure the impact of the change. These approaches offer novel and unique techniques for performance measurement and value offering analysis in supply chain management.     

The benefit of receding horizon control: Near-optimal policies for stochastic inventory control

In this paper we address the single-item, single-stocking point, non-stationary stochastic lot-sizing problem under backorder costs. It is well known that the (s, S) policy provides the optimal control for such inventory systems. However the computational difficulties and the nervousness inherent in (s, S) paved the way for the development of various near-optimal inventory control policies. We provide a systematic comparison of these policies and present their expected cost performances. We further show that when these policies are used in a receding horizon framework the cost performances improve considerably and differences among policies become insignificant.     

Domestic market competitiveness of Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry

Review of Managerial Science - This paper attempts to analyse the competitiveness of Indian drug and pharmaceutical industry in the domestic market where multinational pharma companies are entering...     

价格波动的可控性

本文研究了如何提出合理的预期价格,保证供给和需求趋于均衡,从而实现价格波动的可控性。     

股票市场相变假说模型

从有限理性的角度,对折现现金流定价模型给出了一个灰色数学描述,引进了信心度的 概念,建立了一个含有投资人行为参数的模型1 在此基础上,将社会模仿理论应用于股票市 场,建立了股票市场相变假说理论模型,并研究了股票市场相变机理.     

Job strain and psychotropic drug use among white-collar workers

The main objective of this study was to measure the association between simultaneous exposure to high psychological demand and low decision latitude at work and the use of psychotropic drugs among white-collar workers. A second objective was to determine whether social support at work modified this association. A cross-sectional study was performed that included 2786 workers from the public sector in the Greater Quebec City area. A self-administered questionnaire was used in order to evaluate psychological demand, decision latitude and social support at work. Psychotropic drug use was measured over a period of 2 days. The prevalence of psychotropic drug use among the participants was found to be 3.9%, even though 20.5% were exposed to job strain. The association between job strain and psychotropic drug use, after adjustment for social support at work, age, gender, education, family income, employment status, occupation, stressful life events, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and physical activity, was statistically significant (odds ratio: 4.5, 95% CI 1.7?12.2). Social support did not appear to modify this association. The results of this study suggest that job strain might be a determinant of psychotropic drug use among white collar workers. Social support at work does not appear, however, to modify this association.