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1.
Jefferson S Nicki R 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2003,19(4):387-403
This paper reports on the development of a new scale, the Informational Biases Scale (IBS), to measure cognitive distortions such as the illusion of control, gambler's fallacy,illusory correlations, and the availability heuristic in video lottery terminal (VLT) players. Ninety-six VLT players recruited from bars in New Brunswick took part in the study. Their average (lifetime) South Oaks Gambling Screen score was in the probable pathological gambler range. The 25-item IBS was shown to have good internal consistency reliability. An exploratory principal components/factor analysis revealed the variability of the IBS to be accounted for by mainly one factor. The construct validity of the instrument was supported by the finding that IBS scores were uniquely determined by measures of gambling addiction and negative affect. The IBS should prove useful in both research and clinical settings involving VLT gamblers. 相似文献
2.
Catherine So-kum Tang Anise M. S. Wu Joe Y. C. Tang Elsie C. W. Yan 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(1):145-158
We examined the reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) when adopted for
use in Chinese. The DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling served as the standard against which the classification accuracy
of the SOGS was tested. A total of 283 Chinese adults in the community and 94 Chinese treatment-seeking gamblers were recruited.
The internal reliability of the SOGS was satisfactory for the general sample and acceptable for the gambling sample. The SOGS
was correlated with the DSM-IV criteria items as well as psychosocial and gambling-related problems. Relative to the DSM-IV
criteria, the SOGS tended to overestimate the number of pathological gamblers in both samples. In general, we were relatively
confident that individuals were not pathological gamblers if the SOGS scores were between 0 and 4 and were pathological gamblers
if the SOGS were between 11 and 20. There was about 50–50 chance of being pathological gamblers if the SOGS scores were between
8 and 10. However, the probability of individuals being pathological gamblers was about 0.30 if the SOGS scores were between
5 and 7. We proposed a SOGS cut score of 8 to screen for probable pathological gambling in Chinese societies. 相似文献
3.
Lakey CE Goodie AS Lance CE Stinchfield R Winters KC 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2007,23(4):479-498
We examined the DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling as assessed with the DSM-IV-based Diagnostic Interview for Gambling Severity (DIGS; Winters, Specker, & Stinchfield, 2002). We first analyzed the psychometric properties of the DIGS, and then assessed the extent to which performance on two judgment and decision-making tasks, the Georgia Gambling Task (Goodie, 2003) and the Iowa Gambling Task (Bechara, Damasio, Damasio, & Anderson, 1994), related to higher reports of gambling pathology. In a sample of frequent gamblers, we found strong psychometric support for the DSM-IV conception of pathological gambling as measured by the DIGS, predictive relationships between DIGS scores and all cognitive performance measures, and significant differences in performance measures between individuals with and without pathological gambling. Analyses using suggested revisions to the pathological gambling threshold (Stinchfield, 2003) revealed that individuals meeting four of the DSM-IV criteria aligned significantly more with pathological gamblers than with non-pathological gamblers, supporting the suggested change in the cutoff score from five to four symptoms. Discussion focuses on the validity of the DSM-IV criteria as assessed by the DIGS and the role of cognitive biases in pathological gambling. 相似文献
4.
Casey LM Oei TP Melville KM Bourke E Newcombe PA 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2008,24(2):229-246
This paper reports on the development and psychometric properties of a Gambling Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GRSEQ).
Two hundred and ninety-seven gamblers from both normal and clinical populations completed an initial set of 31-items of which
26 were selected for inclusion in the final version of the GRSEQ. A series of factor analyses showed four clear factors accounting
for 84% of the variance. These factors can be summarised as situations and thoughts associated with gambling, the influence
of drugs on gambling, positive emotions associated with gambling and negative emotions associated with gambling. The GRSEQ
total score and factors scores showed high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha ranging from 0.92 to 0.98). Participants
experiencing problems with gambling scored significantly lower on the GRSEQ, and discriminant analyses showed that the scale
is able to correctly classify the non-problem (i.e., community and student samples) and problem gamblers (i.e., clinical sample).
Furthermore, the GRSEQ showed significant negative relationships with other gambling-related variables (gambling urge and
gambling-related cognitions) and negative mood states (depression, anxiety and stress) and was shown to be sensitive to change
in treatment of pathological gambling. The results suggest that the GRSEQ is a useful measure of gambling refusal self-efficacy
that is suitable for assessment of gamblers from both normal and clinical populations. 相似文献
5.
Miller JC Meier E Weatherly JN 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2009,25(1):121-129
Dixon and Johnson (Analysis of Gambling Behavior 2007, 1:44–49) introduced the Gambling Functional Assessment (GFA), which attempts to identify the consequences that may be maintaining
a person’s gambling behavior. The present study had 949 introductory psychology students complete the GFA, with 124 of them
completing the measure a second time 12 weeks later. Measures of internal consistency were quite good regardless of whether
“non-gamblers” were included or excluded. Test–retest reliability was somewhat mixed, with Escape scores yielding substandard
coefficients, especially among females. Both internal and test–retest reliability were typically poorer for female respondents.
In general, the GFA performed within the limits of acceptable reliability, and coefficients compared favorably with similar
measures. Future investigations will need to determine the reliability and validity of the instrument, especially as it pertains
to its intended population, pathological gamblers. 相似文献
6.
B. Tolchard M. W. Battersby 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2010,26(4):623-638
There is a need to establish reliability and the various forms of validity in all measures in order to feel confident in the
use of such tools across a wide diversity of settings. The aim of this study is to describe the reliability and validity of
the Victorian Gambling Screen (VGS) and in particular one of the sub-scales (Harm to Self—HS) in a specialist problem gambling
treatment service in Adelaide, Australia. Sixty-seven consecutive gamblers were assessed using a previously validated clinical
interview and the VGS (Ben-Tovim et al., The Victorian Gambling Screen: project report. Victorian Research Panel, Melbourne,
2001). The internal consistency of the combined VGS scales had a Cronbach’s alpha of .85 with the HS scale .89. There was satisfactory
evidence of convergent validity which included moderate correlations with another measure of gambling—the South Oaks Gambling
Screen. There were also moderate correlations with other measures of psychopathology. Finally, how the VGS may best be used
in clinical settings is discussed. 相似文献
7.
Poulin C 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2002,18(1):67-93
The present is a validation study seeking to determine the degree of confidence that can be placed on inferences about problem gambling among adolescents in the Atlantic provinces, based on their South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents (SOGS-RA) scores. The major source of data was a 1998 survey of 13,549 students in junior and high school of the public school systems of the 4 Atlantic provinces of Canada. The SOGS-RA was found to have adequate stability and internal consistency reliability. Statistically significant gender differences were demonstrated relative to endorsement and construct validity. Regarding the latter, this study shows that the existing cut-point of the SOGS-RA score for problem gambling identifies as problem gamblers, markedly different proportions of male than female daily gamblers. Regarding construct validity in relation to the Atlantic Alcohol and Drug Risk Continua, this study suggests that while statistically highly significant, the association between problem gambling and substance-related problems may be of low clinical significance. Regarding criterion validity, there is an urgent need to perform the types of enquiry that will allow clarification about how adolescent problem gambling is conceptualized, by adults versus adolescents, by males versus females, and from a clinical versus a public or population health perspective. 相似文献
8.
Marina Cosenza Mark D. Griffiths Giovanna Nigro Maria Ciccarelli 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(2):383-395
Previous research has demonstrated that adult pathological gamblers (compared to controls) show risk-proneness, foreshortened time horizon, and preference for immediate rewards. No study has ever examined the interplay of these factors in adolescent gambling. A total of 104 adolescents took part in the research. Two equal-number groups of adolescent non-problem and problem gamblers, defined using the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents, were administered the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), the Consideration of Future Consequences (CFC-14) scale, and the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ). Adolescent problem gamblers were found to be more risk-prone, more oriented to the present, and to discount delay rewards more steeply than adolescent non-problem gamblers. Results of logistic regression analysis revealed that BART, MCQ, and CFC scores predicted gambling severity. These novel finding provides the first evidence of an association among problematic gambling, high risk-taking proneness, steep delay discounting, and foreshortened time horizon among adolescents. It may be that excessive gambling induces shortsighted behaviors that, in turn, facilitate gambling involvement. 相似文献
9.
Gaëtan Devos Gaëlle Challet-Bouju Jonathan Burnay Pierre Maurage Marie Grall-Bronnec 《International Gambling Studies》2017,17(1):87-101
Previous research has identified specific gambling motives and linked them with both healthy and disordered gambling. The Gambling Motives Questionnaire (GMQ) is currently the most widely used measure for these motives. The present study aimed to offer a French validation of the latest version of this scale, the GMQ-Financial (GMQ-F), which measures four distinct motives (enhancement, social, coping, financial). The French GMQ-F was completed by 278 gamblers from the community and 22 treatment-seeking pathological gamblers, along with scales assessing gambling cognitions, impulsivity, disordered gambling symptoms and psychopathological symptoms. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the expected four-factor model. The GMQ-F subscales have good internal reliability. Validity of the GMQ-F is supported by specific correlations with the other constructs measured. Pathological gamblers differed from gamblers from the community on all but one (social) of the GMQ-F subscales. The French GMQ-F presents good psychometric properties and constitutes a reliable instrument for measuring gambling motives in research and clinical practice. 相似文献
10.
Giovanna Nigro Marina Cosenza 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2016,32(4):1191-1202
Several studies examining the relationship of affective decision-making and delay discounting in disordered gambling demonstrated that adult pathological gamblers differ from healthy controls on both reward-related decision tasks. To date no study analyzed the relative contribution of these variables in adolescent gambling. This study was designed to compare affective decision-making and delay discounting in gamblers and nongamblers Italian adolescents, controlling for alcohol consumption. A total of 138 adolescents took part in the research. Two equal-number groups, defined according to the scoring rules for the South Oaks Gambling Screen-Revised for Adolescents, were administered the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), the Monetary Choice Questionnaire (MCQ), and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Zero-order correlations among all variables revealed a moderate negative association between IGT and MCQ scores only in nongamblers group. Results of mixed-model ANOVAs indicated that, compared with nongamblers, adolescent gamblers performed worse on the IGT, showed steeper delay discounting, and scored significantly higher on the AUDIT. Results of logistic regression analysis indicated that IGT, MCQ, and AUDIT scores are all significant predictors of gambling status. This novel finding provides the first evidence of an association among problematic gambling, maladaptive decision-making, and steep delay discounting among adolescents, as already observed in adults. 相似文献
11.
The current study was conducted to examine pathological gambling as an impulsivity-compulsivity spectrum disorder. University students (N=162) who gambled a minimum of twice monthly completed measures of impulsivity, compulsivity and pathological gambling. Instruments completed included: measures of problem gambling severity (South Oaks Gambling Screen, NORC DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems, Canadian Problem Gambling Index, Victorian Gambling Screen), the Padua Inventory, the Barratt Impulsivity Scale and the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire. Results supported previous research indicating that pathological gamblers had elevated scores on measures of impulsivity and compulsivity, as well as personality factors correlated with these two constructs. Moreover, impulsivity and compulsivity were found to be interrelated as proposed by the impulsivity-compulsivity spectrum model. 相似文献
12.
Shawn R. Currie David C. Hodgins David M. Casey 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(2):311-327
The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) is a widely used nine item scale for measuring the severity of gambling problems in the general population. Of the four gambler types defined by the PGSI, non-problem, low-risk, moderate-risk and problem gamblers, only the latter category underwent any validity testing during the scale’s development, despite the fact that over 95% of gamblers fall into one of the remaining three categories. Using Canadian population data on over 25,000 gamblers, we conducted a comprehensive validity and reliability analysis of the four PGSI gambler types. The temporal stability of PGSI subtype over a 14-month interval was modest but adequate (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.63). There was strong evidence for the validity of the non-problem and problem gambler categories however the low-risk and moderate-risk categories showed poor discriminant validity using the existing scoring rules. The validity of these categories was improved with a simple modification to the scoring system. 相似文献
13.
May RK Whelan JP Steenbergh TA Meyers AW 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2003,19(4):339-357
Instruments to assess individuals' self-efficacy for the control of addictive behaviors have been useful for monitoring behavior change, predicting maintenance of treatment gains, and identifying potential relapse situations. The Gambling Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (GSEQ) was developed to assess perceived self-efficacy to control gambling behavior. A demographically diverse sample of 309 adult gamblers completed an initial set of 42 items, of which 16 were selected to form the final version of the GSEQ. The GSEQ showed high internal consistency ( = .96) and good test-retest reliability (r = .86). A factor analysis provided some support for a unitary factor structure. As expected, GSEQ scores were negatively correlated with reports of problematic gambling behavior. Participants experiencing problems related to their gambling behavior scored significantly lower on the GSEQ than those who were not experiencing gambling problems. This psychometric examination of the GSEQ supported its potential utility for treatment planning and outcome evaluation with problem gamblers. 相似文献
14.
Giuseppe Maniaci Francesca Picone Ruth J. van Holst Corinna Bolloni Silvana Scardina Carla Cannizzaro 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2017,33(2):633-647
This study aims at the assessment of alexithymia and anger levels in 100 treatment-seeking pathological gamblers compared with controls, who were matched for age, gender and education. Furthermore a positive correlation between alexithymia, anger and severity of gambling disorder and a relationship between gambling behaviour and anger after controlling for alexithymia, are investigated. Finally the role that gender plays in anger in pathological gamblers was also evaluated. Psychological assessment includes the South Oaks Gambling Screen, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2 and the twenty-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. Statistical analysis of the results shows a higher level of anger in pathological gamblers than in controls, together with alterations in emotional processing. Severity of gambling behaviour positively correlates with alexithymia scores, state-anger and trait-anger. Moreover, a significant contribution of anger in predicting gambling behaviour was suggested after controlling for alexithymia. In conclusion, anger and alexithymia must be regarded as relevant components of the assessment of pathological gamblers, in order to select the best therapeutical strategies to prevent self-defeating behaviours and to reduce drop-out from treatments. 相似文献
15.
Ken C. Winters Ph.D. Randy D. Stinchfield Ph.D. Jayne Fulkerson M.A. 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》1993,9(1):63-84
The development and initial psychometric properties of an adolescent gambling problem severity measure are described. The scale, based on a revision of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (Lesieur & Blume, 1987), was administered to 1,101 older (ages 15 to 18) Minnesota adolescents as part of a state-wide gambling survey. Study results indicated that the scale had moderate internal consistency reliability and was significantly related to alternate measures of problem severity for male subjects. Because the rate and severity of gambling among females was very low, the psychometric adequacy of the scale for females is not known at this time. The implications of study findings to the conceptual understanding of adolescent gambling problem severity as well as study limitations and future research needs, are discussed.Support for the study was provided by the Minnesota Department of Human Services and the Center for Addiction Studies, University of Minnesota, Duluth. The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance from Robert Blum, Linda Harris, Durand Jacobs, J. Laundergan, Alan Mathiason, Brenda Miller, James Schaefer, school officials from the participating high schools, and interviewers who assisted with the telephone survey. 相似文献
16.
Cognitive distortions are typically identified as an important etiological factor in pathological gambling. The Gambling Cognitions Inventory (GCI) developed by Holub (2003) is examined in this study using a sample of 710 pathological gamblers collected in four Canadian studies. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the initial 40-item scale and suggested a 33-item scale. The sample was split into two groups to conduct exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Scree plots and parallel analysis suggested a two-factor scale. The scale developed by exploratory factor analysis on the first sample was supported by confirmatory factor analysis on the second sample (CFI>0.95; RMSEA < 0.05). The two factors indicated a Skill and Attitude subscale and a Luck and Chance subscale. Analysis conducted within each of the four studies showed good internal reliability for the scale (range of α = 0.91–0.95) and subscales (α = 0.77–0.92). The scale and subscales correlated with gambling severity measures as well as other measures of gambling cognitions including the Gambling Attitudes and Beliefs Scale and the Gambling Beliefs Questionnaire. The results of the study indicate that the GCI is a psychometrically strong scale and may be beneficial in directing cognitive therapy to the most problematic cognitions. 相似文献
17.
Wulfert E Hartley J Lee M Wang N Franco C Sodano R 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2005,21(4):521-536
Gambling screening tools such as the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and a DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) developed
by the National Opinion Research Council have psychometrically validated lifetime and past-year versions. As research questions
often dictate shorter time intervals, researchers have adapted the time frames of these instruments to their specific purposes
without examining whether changing the time frame affects the psychometric properties. In this study, 3-month versions of
SOGS and NODS were administered to a sample of 80 pathological gamblers (59 men, 21 women, mean age 44) seeking treatment
at a state-funded facility. The 3-months versions had good internal consistency, good convergent validity with each other,
with gambling behaviors assessed via the timeline followback method, and with measures of impulsivity. The 3-month versions
also showed good discriminant validity with demographic variables and a measure of verbal IQ. Together the data indicate that
shortening the time frame to 3 months does not seem to have adverse effects on the psychometric properties of SOGS and NODS.
Thus these adapted versions could profitably be used for shorter time intervals, including as pre/post-treatment and follow-up
measures in treatment outcome studies. 相似文献
18.
Jim Orford Mark Griffiths Heather Wardle Kerry Sproston Bob Erens 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(1):39-54
A new 14-item scale of general attitudes towards gambling (the Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale: ATGS) was developed for use in the 2007 British Gambling Prevalence Survey. The development of the scale is described. Based on the responses of a representative sample of 8880 people of 16 years of age or more, evidence is presented of good internal reliability and statistically significant associations with a range of socio-demographic, own and family gambling and lifestyle variables. Overall, and in all sub-groups except the heaviest gamblers, attitudes were found to be negative: more people believed that gambling is foolish and dangerous, and of greater harm than benefit to families, communities and society as a whole, than the reverse. The majority, however, were against prohibition of gambling. Public opinion appears to be out of line with the view of gambling in Britain that lay behind the 2005 Gambling Act. It will be of interest to see whether attitudes change in the forthcoming years. The ATGS is a suitable measure for use in future surveys in the UK and in other English speaking countries. 相似文献
19.
Psychometric Validation of the Gambling Passion Scale (GPS) in an English-speaking University Sample
Bryan A. Castelda Richard E. Mattson James Mackillop Emily J. Anderson Peter J. Donovick 《International Gambling Studies》2013,13(2):173-182
The Gambling Passion Scale (GPS) is a recently developed research instrument for assessing individuals' passion for gambling. Because the psychometric properties of the GPS have only previously been examined in French Canadians, the aim of this study was to replicate previous psychometric findings in an English-speaking university sample. Participants (female: n = 58; male: n = 89) were drawn from a university campus based on self-reported experience with gambling indexed by scores on the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS). The two-factor structure reported by Rousseau et al. (Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(1), pp. 45–66, 2002) was largely replicated in this sample, as were relationships between ‘obsessive passion’ and negative consequences stemming from gambling. These results support the validity of the GPS as a measure of gambling passion in English-speaking university gamblers and its potential to contribute to understanding problem gambling. 相似文献
20.
Céline Bonnaire Catherine Bungener Isabelle Varescon 《Journal of gambling studies / co-sponsored by the National Council on Problem Gambling and Institute for the Study of Gambling and Commercial Gaming》2013,29(1):83-96
The purpose of this study was to investigate alexithymia (in relation with depression) in three groups of French gamblers (n = 186) recruited in their gambling location: at the racetracks (n = 80 males; mean age 28.1 years), in the slot machine rooms (n = 65; 29 males, 36 females; mean age 34.6 years), and in the traditional gaming rooms (n = 41 males; mean age 36 years). Gambling behavior was measured by the South Oaks Gambling Screen and DSM-IV criteria for pathological gambling, Alexithymia by the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and depression with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13). For racetracks and slot machine gambling, pathological gamblers differed from non-pathological gamblers, regarding their alexithymia scores. These results remained stable after controlling for depression scores among the racetracks gamblers only. The relationship between alexithymia and depression depends on the type of pathological gambler. These findings are consistent with the idea of identifying clinically distinct subgroups of gamblers. 相似文献