公司治理与资本结构优化问题

本文在公司治理理论的基础上,分析了公司治理、债务结构与管理者之间的关系,强调了债务机制与管理者激励在企业改革与资本结构优化中的重要作用,认为要提高国家巨大投资的效率,必须重构公司治理结构、优化公司资本结构.     

地理邻近对风险资本参与公司治理的影响

针对地理邻近如何影响风险资本参与被投资企业公司治理问题,基于交易成本理论,构建以制度环境为调节变量、以投资金额为中介变量的第1阶段有调节的中介效应模型。以2004年至2013年中国A股市场公开披露的1个风险资本投资交易为研究样本,采用多元回归,运用依次检验和差异检验方法对概念模型进行验证。研究结果表明,地理邻近显著正向影响风险资本参与被投资企业公司治理,表明治理成本在风险资本参与公司治理决策中产生重要作用;地理邻近提升风险资本对企业的投资金额,且风险资本的投资金额也与风险资本参与公司治理显著正相关;地理邻近通过提高风险资本的投资金额正向影响风险资本参与公司治理,说明投资金额在地理邻近和风险资本参与被投资企业公司治理中有部分中介作用;企业所在地的制度环境正向调节地理邻近对风险资本投资金额的影响,制度环境越好,风险资本对地理邻近的企业投资金额越多,地理邻近通过投资金额影响风险资本参与被投资企业公司治理的间接效应越强。结果表明,地理邻近存在双重作用,不仅有利于风险资本增加投资金额,还有利于风险资本参与公司治理。     

台湾生技医疗产业之智慧资本附加价值与公司治理关联性研究

以生技医疗产业为例,探讨智慧资本附加价值与公司治理的关联性;实证结果显示,公司治理良好的企业有助于创造实体资本附加价值、结构资本附加价值及智慧资本附加价值,进而提升企业的市场价值。     

资本结构、金融中介和公司治理

公司治理作为当前国有企业改革的重要措施之一,受到了人们广泛的关注。而金融中介机构的发展与成熟程度直接影响着公司的资本结构和治理结构,进而影响着公司的竞争能力。本文借鉴西方财务理论和日美公司治理方面的经验与教训对金融中介机构是否应积极参与公司治理进行了较深入的探讨,提出其积极参与公司治理的理性决策模型,同时也回答了如何来完善我国上市公司的公司治理结构的问题:重构现代金融体系,激励国有商业银行,大力发展资本市场、培育机构投资者以及修改与制定相关的法律制度,促使其积极参与公司治理。     

资本结构对公司治理的影响

公司的资本结构是指公司各种资本的构成及其比例关系,是公司采用多种融资方式融资形成的。公司融资方式分为债务资本和权益资本两类,资本结构总的来说是债务资本的比例问题。资本结构决策是企业融资决策的核心问题,它直接决定企业融资方式的选择及各种融资方式所占比例,从而影响股东、债权人、经理人等相关利益主体对企业控制的程度。因此,将现代公司治理与资本结构理论结合进行研究,对我国完善公司资本结构和治理制度有很大意义。     

董事会资本对公司治理水平的影响效应研究

本文通过构建董事会资本模型,将董事会人力资本和社会资本组合划分为董事会资本丰富性和深入性,并分别考察两者对公司治理水平的影响效应。基于代理理论和资源依赖理论观点,我们通过布罗异质性指数来考察董事会资本丰富性,得出董事会资本丰富性对公司治理水平的提高具有显著的正效应;同时,通过董事会成员特性比例来考察董事会资本深入性,得出董事会资本深入性在一些方面对公司治理水平具有显著负效应。由此,本文的研究结论在一定程度上支持了董事会资本对公司治理水平的影响,并认为通过董事会资本的合理配置,可以提高公司治理水平。     

论债务融资与公司治理

从Modigliani and Miller（1958）提出MM理论这一开创性贡献以来，公司资本结构与公司市场价值之间的关系变成为理论界与实务界研究的核心。公司治理的最终目标是提高公司的市场价值的，而提高公司市场价值的经典思路就是调整资本结构。公司资金的主要来源不外乎权益融资与债务融资，众多的文献对股权结构所发挥的公司治理机制作了大量的描述与论证，而忽视了债务融资作为一种治理结构的治理机制的分析，因此，本文将侧重论述债务融资的治理机制，以及对我国上市公司资本结构中债务治理实际效应进行分析。     

机构投资者参与公司治理积极性的分析

在对公司治理和资本市场发展的研究中,机构投资者的作用越来越受到重视.本文基于机构投资者与公司治理间的相关性和国内外已有的研究成果,通过数理模型的一般分析阐释了影响机构投资者参与公司治理积极性的四个因素:持有单个公司的股权比率、资本市场中公司治理结构不完善的概率、所投资公司治理结构的完善程度以及监督成本,并得出了有关的研究结论.最后本文,对机构投资者积极参与我国上市公司治理提出了若干政策建议.     

中国上市公司机构投资者对公司绩效影响的实证分析

伴随着2007年资本市场股权分置改革接近尾声,我国公司治理机制方面,在其实质上与形式上都产生了较有影响力的变化:一股独大的现象得到了改善,同股同权真正落实在每一个股东手上;同时资本市场也有了显著变化,以基金为主的形形色色的机构投资者粉墨登场,大量的闲散资金注入机构投资者。本文关注在后股权分置时代,机构投资者作为资本市场上实力与能力兼具的股东,能否对公司治理产生影响,从而改善公司绩效。通过建立机构投资者参与公司治理回归分析模型,来进行实证研究,为公司治理决策层和资本市场监管层提供科学依据。     

资本结构与公司治理关系

本文分析了资本结构对公司治理的作用机理,得出资本结构是公司治理的基础和决定因素的结论。     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.