英语教育——全球化时代的人力资本投资

教育是最主要的人力资本投资,全球化、信息化、国际一流人才的需求共同引致英语教育的专业化、国际化、产业化走势英语教育的产业化走势强化了投资主体的人力资本投资偏好。     

人力资本对我国区域经济发展影响之实证研究

本文分析了我国的人口素质存量现状、各省时人力资源的利用效率以及净迁移率、人口年龄结构和人力资本等与人均GDP的关系。使用了横截面回归和1990年、2000年两次人口普查面板数据分析相结合的方法．研究发现：其一,人力资本教育投资发挥着重要效应,平均受教育年限对提高人均GDP有明显的促进作用。同时8年平均受教育年限是个基本分界点：其二,区域间存在较大的人力资本利用效率的差异,有10个省市人力资本利用效率较高．其中90％集中在东部地带。其三。人口迁移对人均GDP即经济效率的提高有显著性影响。文章呼吁重视9年义务教育、鼓励人口自由迁移和充分把握我国的人口机会窗口期。     

我国教育投资的现状与投资战略分析

人力资本理论强调人力资本在经济活动中的重要作用,它是制定教育投资战略的重要理论依据之一。教育是人力资本形成的最佳途径。我国目前在教育投资中还存在着一些问题,因此,必须大力发展教育事业,提高人力资本投入,以推动我国经济快速发展。     

新疆俄罗斯族人口的数量变动与分布变迁研究（1949-2000年）

本文根据历次全国人口普查资料和相关文献,以1949～2000年新疆俄罗斯族人口变动与分布为研究对象,对50年来新疆俄罗斯族的人口变动及成因、地域分布与城镇分布的历史变迁进行了考察分析。     

建国以来新疆人口空间分布变化特征及其成因分析

新疆由于其特殊的地理位置,复杂的自然条件,导致其人口空间分布状况与变动情况有其独特的规律性和特点,本文主要分析了建国以来新疆人口空间分布的变化特征,并对其成因进行了探讨,以求找到实现新疆人口分布合理化的途径。     

论知识经济时代的人力资源开发

知识经济时代呼唤重视人力资源开发。我国是世界上人口最多的国家 ,但是 ,人口总体素质不高 ,是我国经济发展的重要障碍。当前 ,必须加大人力资本投资 ,实现从人口大国到人力资源大国的转变 ,以迎接知识经济时代的挑战。     

人力资本所有者在知识型企业中的地位分析

随着科学技术与管理技能在企业经营和经济发展中作用的日趋提高,20世纪90年代经济学界出现了一种新的企业权力转移论,认为在知识型企业中人力资本的所有者应该居于主导地位,甚至劳动雇用资本的企业治理结构更具合理性。一般的经济理论与以美国风险投资运作为实例的分析表明,上述说法既缺乏合理的逻辑依据,也不符合经济发展的现实情况。对人力资本所有者在知识型企业中的地位应作出科学的分析。     

美国、日本、韩国应对人口老龄化的经验及其启示

世界人口规模不断扩大,年龄结构类型也趋于老年型。但是发达国家与发展中国家有明显差异。发达国家人口老龄化程度高于发展中国家。本文以美国、日本、韩国三国为例,在考察人口规模争人口老龄化状况的基础上,总结了这些国家应对人口老龄化的主要经验,即政府重视人口老龄化问题;制定相应法律法规、方针政策;积极引导社会共同参与;不断完善老年社会保障制度。结合国情提出了对我国应对人口老龄化问题有益的启示。     

西北五省区人力资本存量及投资现状分析

西北五省区属于我国的欠发达地区,其人力资本存量与东、中部①省份相比,明显偏低。因为人力资本存量是一国或一地区经济持续、稳定发展的重要依托,所以加大人力资本投资力度,增加人力资本存量,对于西北五省区尤为重要。文章按此主线展开,并提出了一些参考建议。     

我国农村劳动力就业的路径选择与制度支持

农民阶层是社会地位较低表现为:农民收入明显低于其他阶层的收入;农民充分就业率低农民整体素质相对较差。橄榄型的现代社会阶层结构要求提升农民阶层社会地位。农村人力资本投资是增强农村劳动力就业竞争力,实现农村劳动力持续性就业根本性的路径选择。政府应为增加农村劳动力就业提供在人力资本投资、劳动力市场体系建设、消除对农民的歧视、社会保障制度健全等方面的制度支持。     

论山东人力资源开发与人力资本形成

人力资本是经济增长的源泉和动力。本文通过历史资料对山东省人力资源现状进行考察,指出山东省人力资源总体素质水平与其经济发展水平不相适应。针对人力资源现状结合山东新时期经济发展目标,提出应大胆进行人力资本投资制度创新,提高人力资本投资强度,改善人力资本投资结构,尤其是要使人力资源开发与经济比较优势相结合等重要解决措施。     

The identification of recreational counties in nonmetropolitan areas of the USA

Nonmetropolitan counties in the USA with significant concentrations of recreational activity are identified using a combination of quantitative and contextual indicators. The 285 counties identified as recreational encompass 12 percent of the nonmetropolitan counties and 15 percent of the 1990 nonmetropolitan population. Population growth in such counties has consistently exceeded that in other nonmetropolitan areas as well as that in metropolitan areas. Net migration accounted for most of the population growth in such counties during the 24 years considered. The revenue and expenditure patterns of local governments in recreational counties differs from those elsewhere suggesting significant policy concerns.     

中国适度人口研究述评

本文对中国适度人口研究进行了回顾与总结,分析了中国适度人口研究中存在的问题,指出了中国适度人口研究的未来走向.     

城市化过程中人口变动趋势对我国房地产开发的影响

城市化是中国经济现代化的重要标志。城市化过程中我国人口变化的趋势对城市房地产需求总量和结构产生重要影响,为房地产市场带来机遇和挑战。     

从水资源状况看北京市的人口控制

"五普"资料显示,北京市目前人口已达1381 9万人,为水资源最大承载人口量的5 9倍。再加上工农业用水的增加,已大大超过其水资源的承载力,使北京市成为我国严重缺水城市之一。从水资源的开源节流并重、有选择的人口迁入政策和减少部分城市功能等方面入手,探索解决北京市人口过快增长的良策。     

论人口控制政策对突破低水平均衡陷阱的促进作用

当今世界主题是和平与发展,因此经济发展成为多数国家政府政策的中心。目前多数发展中国家实施了人口控制政策,这有利于减缓世界人口剧增的趋势。但是这是否有利于发展中国家的经济发展呢?文章结合一定前提,通过定性探讨纳尔逊低水平均衡理论在人口非自然增长情况下的具体体现,得出了结论:发展中国家实施人口控制政策能够降低突破低水平均衡陷阱的机会成本,有助于加快走出低水平均衡陷阱困境的状态;长期实施过紧的人口控制政策不利于国家经济的可持续发展;人口控制政策的松绑是一个渐进式过程。     

Population dynamics in Germany: the role of immigration and population momentum

The effects of changes in rates of mortality, fertility, and migration depend not only on the age-specific patterns and levels of these rates, but on the age structure of the population. In order to remove the influences of the age structure and concentrate on the effects of the demographic rates themselves, a common practice is to analyze the influences of the rates for a standard age structure. This paper analyzes current and future population changes in Germany, using a stationary population equivalent model (SPE) that shows long-term effects of current fertility, mortality, and international migration patterns. Results indicate that the German population will eventually decline because of below replacement fertility, if net immigration does not counteract this decrease. This means, for instance, that the long-term stationary population levels for Germany will decrease by approximately 6.5 million during a decade in which current fertility, mortality, and international migration levels prevail. The paper also reports how various other assumptions for mortality, fertility, and international migration affect the SPE model for Germany.     

再论人口控制中的政府行为的规范原则和评价标准

政府行为在人口控制中起着十分重要的作用。本文论述了人口控制中政府行为的含义及必要性,同时阐明了对人口控制中政府行为的规范原则和评价标准。     

Analysis of the social acceptability of a humanized childbirth intervention in Senegal: A qualitative study

BackgroundIn efforts to improve the quality of women’s care and enhance related experiences in Senegal, the Senegalese government implemented an intervention named “humanized childbirth” in their health facilities.AimTo analyze the social acceptability of humanized childbirth as well as its relevance given the social values in Senegal.MethodsA multiple-case study was conducted within four health facilities in Dakar. Breastfeeding mothers (n = 20), pregnant women (n = 4), midwives (n = 8), Bajenu Gox (n = 4), members of the Health Development Committee (n = 4), and men from the community (n = 4) were interviewed individually, and a documentary analysis was done. The thematic analysis was performed using the acceptability theoretical framework.FindingsThe results show that most participants agreed with the idea of humanized childbirth. However, participants display varying viewpoints as to the social acceptability of various components of the intervention. While there is an overall agreement concerning the benefits of motivated and attentive health professionals focused on prevention, restoring dignity for the parturient woman, freedom to eat and drink, massages and relaxation, the same cannot be said about the freedom of choice for birth positions and companionship.DiscussionThe contrasting viewpoints as to the acceptability of humanized childbirth can be explained by the perception of risk and lack of experience with free birthing positions, as well as structural and cultural barriers surrounding the notion of companionship.ConclusionEducation and awareness of the benefits of free birthing positions and companionship would be required among Senegalese women to enable a cultural shift in maternity wards in Senegal.     

The experiences of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: A qualitative study

BackgroundDue to spread and impact of COVID-19 in the world and Turkey lead to fear, stress and anxiety in individuals. This trend is increasing more especially in pregnant women at risk as they are concerned about the safety of themselves and the fetus.AimIn our study, concerns, problems and attitudes of pregnant women related to diseases in the pandemic process will be determined by detailed discussions based on their individual experience, and by increasing the awareness of midwives and nurses about what pregnant women experience in this process.MethodsContent analysis is used as qualitative study pattern. Due to the social isolation rules during the coronavirus pandemic, interviews with pregnant women were planned to be held via mobile phone. The study was completed with 15 pregnant women.ResultsAs a result of the content analysis of the interviews, 3 main themes and 11 sub-themes were identified. The identified themes were as following: (1) not understanding the seriousness and fear of the unknown, (2) coronavirus pandemic and disruption of the routine prenatal care (3) disrupted routines and social lives. Each theme was necessarily discussed separately.ConclusionThe results of the study show that coronavirus pandemic has a significant potential for creating anxiety, adversity and fear, which has a negative emotional effect on pregnant people. It will be useful to provide awareness for midwives and nurses not only about the physical health of pregnant women, but also their mental health, and to cooperate with mental health experts if necessary.