宁夏中银绒业股份有限公司

宁夏中银绒业股份有限公司(以下简称"中银绒业")成立于1998年,注册资本人民币55600万元,主要从事无毛绒、绒条、羊绒纱及羊绒制品的生产及国内外销售,是中国唯一一家专业经营羊绒及其制品的全产品系的上市公司。公司A股股票在深圳证券交易所挂牌交易,股票简称"中银绒业",股票代码000982。中银绒业总部     

市场信用的缺失及法律规制路径的探讨

市场信用的普遍和严重缺失,已经成为破坏我国经济秩序、妨害交易安全、影响国民经济和社会发展的顽疾.这主要是由于经济体制与道德或法制相矛盾、法律规范不健全等原因造成的,要建立我国市场经济领域的良好信用秩序,间接规制是最佳的路径选择.     

民族地区农村剩余劳动力转移问题研究

我国少数民族大多居住在经济较落后地区,农牧业人口所占比重大,农村剩余劳动力数量多,需要向二、三产业转移。民族地区农村剩余劳动力的转移除受国家宏观经济的影响外,还有其特有的制约因素：受教育程度及双语水平低;从事行业层次低,市场竞争力弱;城市融入性差;劳动力转移模式单一;第二、三产业发展不足;技能培训难以满足市场需要等。因此,实现民族地区农村劳动力的转移要加强几方面的建设：大力发展民族地区特色经济,建立合理的产业结构;规范劳动力市场;提升民族地区教育层次。     

西藏林业碳汇经济价值评估及实现机制探讨

在全球气候变化以及我国碳市场建设不断推进的背景下,碳汇在清除温室气体方面的作用日益受到关注,并已成为碳市场的交易产品之一。文章基于不同的碳汇价格,对西藏林业碳汇的经济价值进行了核算,从市场和政府两方面,探讨了西藏林业碳汇经济价值实现的市场交易机制和政府补贴机制。认为市场方面应尽快开发林业碳汇项目,并鼓励自愿认购林业碳汇,寻求跨区域的交易;政府方面除提高森林生态效益补贴标准外,还应开展林业碳汇专项补贴,并建立区域间的合作关系,拓展补贴资金来源。     

清代黔东南锦屏苗族林业契约的纠纷解决机制

清代,在边远的黔东南锦屏苗族、侗族地区,发育出了发达的人工林业,所产木材畅销长江中 下游各省。苗族人工林业中的财产关系主要依靠林业契约进行调整,而林业契约之所以能够良好 地发生作用,并不在于有国家法的保障,而在于林区苗民形成了一套本地的契约纠纷解决机制,寨 老等民间头人在契约纠纷解决中担任着重要角色,而苗族习惯法则是契约效力的后盾。     

不交易的"交易者":广西隆安县南圩镇亥日的"牛中"

广西隆安县南圩镇亥日市场上的"牛中",是当地牲畜交易的中介人.尽管"牛中"本身并不直接交易牲畜,但他们在当地牲畜交易市场的运作中扮演着十分重要的角色.基于对亥日牲畜市场的调查,文章对于牛中在市场中的社会功能进行了研究.认为牛中是维系南圩亥日牲畜市场交换的重要力量,他们的活动促进了牲畜交易市场与当地社会的整合,而牛中现象的出现也折射出南圩农民在商品交换问题上的风险意识和成本意识.     

科斯定理及其启示

科斯认为只要市场交易的费用为零,无论产权属于何方,通过协商交易的途径都可以达到资源的优化配置。由于科斯定理的条件在现实生活中难以实现,这就引起了经济学家们的激烈争论。本文重温科斯定理,以从中得到一点启示。     

新经济时代文化市场发展现状与问题分析

多元化市场发展的今天,必须要认知到文化强国对于中国社会发展而言所具有的重要意义。所谓文化市场及主要指的是按照固有的价值以及社会市场经济的教育规律,对于有价的文化产品进行交易,是文化活动的交易场所,并且通过不同的条件,进而形成独有的文化市场。文化市场可以用消费或者交换的习惯开展文化产品和文化活动,按照文化流动的操作者以及群体进行开展。为此,需要选择具有合适的交流条件才可以确保其交流效果符合社会发展,符合当前世界的实际要求,在文化市场发展中,必须要为其创造一个良好的传播环境,真正意义上地通过文化产品提高文化传播的速度。     

文化体制改革视阈下西藏期刊业的发展研究

在文化体制改革背景下,西藏期刊业应积极进行“两分开”的探索,注意社会控制问题的解决,加强期刊信息传递者队伍的建设,突出民族文化和地域特色办期刊,使之具有鲜明的个性和文化品味;使期刊发行走市场化道路,建设地域性期刊发行网络;并注重盈利模式——期刊广告的推动.通过期刊业以点带面的推动力量,带动文化体制的变革,从而建立一批体系全、服务优、潜力大的期刊市场是西藏期刊业未来发展的方向.     

新经济时代文化市场发展现状与问题分析

多元化市场发展的今天,必须要认知到文化强国对于中国社会发展而言所具有的重要意义。所谓文化市场及主要指的是按照固有的价值以及社会市场经济的教育规律,对于有价的文化产品进行交易,是文化活动的交易场所,并且通过不同的条件,进而形成独有的文化市场。文化市场可以用消费或者交换的习惯开展文化产品和文化活动,按照文化流动的操作者以及群体进行开展。为此,需要选择具有合适的交流条件才可以确保其交流效果符合社会发展,符合当前世界的实际要求,在文化市场发展中,必须要为其创造一个良好的传播环境,真正意义上地通过文化产品提高文化传播的速度。     

拉萨出租车行业流动人口调查

拉萨出租车市场经历了从无偿经营到有偿经营、从顶灯的计划审批到市场化拍卖的阶段,随之出租车从业人员的民族构成也经历了从以当地藏族为主体到以外来汉族为主体的结构性转变。本研究试图解释这种转变的宏观背景和内在机制,并试图通过抽样调查所得到的信息,对目前拉萨市出租车从业者的基本面貌做出概述,特别关注这些外来车主、驾驶员的流动方式,居住模式,与当地人关系和他们对政府机构的评价。笔者认为,正是政府治理模式的转变引发了从业者结构的变迁及市场竞争的恶化,因此,当地政府也许需要考虑改变对这一行业的管理模式,积极介入顶灯拍卖的市场化经营,扭转市场力量主导的局面,同时不断完善对出租车行业的立法、管理和服务,使其更好地为当地的生产、生活服务。     

中国少数民族地区银行信贷市场的发展研究

本文通过对少数民族地区银行信贷市场的实证分析,发现少数民族地区银行信贷市场的发展有其明显的特征:信贷市场规模增长的同时信贷风险增大、中长期信贷市场发展快但伴随着流动性困境、信贷辐射面减小.究其原因:一是民族地区出现"金融真空",二是信贷配给约束严重,三是民族地区信贷环境差,四是信贷风险保障措施缺失.因此,民族地区应依靠政府推动信用环境建设、大力发展地方性商业银行和提高信贷资金配置效率.     

西部民族地区生态文明建设问题探析

Ecological civilization is a mode of civilization which is constructed on the concept of multiple-wins, such as economic benefit, social benefit and environmental benefit, etc. It requires that a harmonious relationship between man and nature permeate various aspects of civilization, such as material civilization, spiritual civilization, and political civilization, forming an ecological mode for production, living, consumption, and other behaviors. The theories and practices of eco￣logical civilization both at home and abroad, as well as the strategic planning for the construction of ecological civilization in China, have constituted important theoretical and practical guidelines for the construction of ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas of China.
Constructing ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has important theoretical and practical significance. Compared with the eastern part of China or the whole country, the level of e￣conomic and social development in the western eth￣nic areas still lags behind; energy consumption is generally high , and the number of national key ecologically functional areas is large. Furthermore, these areas face a daunting task for their environ￣mental protection and energy saving. In addition, the most concentrated areas of desertification in China are found in the western ethnic areas, espe￣cially Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia, Tibet and Qing￣hai. Therefore, the construction of ecological civi￣lization in the western ethnic areas has an impor￣tant role for the sustainable development of the e￣conomy and society, ecological security, energy saving and emission reduction, and the prevention of land desertification.
Generally speaking, the western ethnic areas actively participate in the national demonstration areas of the construction of ecological civilization, and constantly improve the level of ecological civi￣lization construction. However, their overall level is low, and the differences between various prov￣inces are considerable. Although the western eth￣nic areas have rich forest resources, tourism re￣sources, etc. for the construction of ecological civ￣ilization, they still face many problems in the use of their ecological resources and the construction of ecological civilization.
As noted above, the western ethnic areas ac￣tively take part in the construction of the key na￣tional ecological civilization demonstration areas. At present, among the 55 ecological civilization demonstration areas of China, 22 are in the west￣ern ethnic areas. These demonstration areas are actively exploring the construction of ecological civilization by taking the property rights of natural resources, ecological compensation and cadres as￣sessment, etc. into consideration.
As just noted, although the level of the con￣struction of an ecological civilization in western ethnic areas has been improving, the overall level is still low. The overall level of ecological civiliza￣tion in western ethnic areas lags significantly be￣hind the nation or eastern regions. In addition, the levels of every province are quite different. For in￣stance, the level of Guangxi and Yunnan is rela￣tively high. Therefore, the construction of ecologi￣cal civilization must be adapted to the local condi￣tions of the provinces.
There are a large number of key forestry en￣terprises in the western ethnic areas, but the struc￣ture of the forestry industry is not equitable. For￣estry is an important force, and provides important content for the construction of ecological civiliza￣tion. On the one hand, there are a large number of key national forestry enterprises in the western eth￣nic areas, but their distribution is not balanced. At present, there are 295 key national forestry en￣terprises , among which 48 are found in the western ethnic areas and are included in the list. Among them, the advantage held by Guangxi and Yunnan’s forest resources are obvious, while those in Tibet, Ningxia and Qinghai are not so obvious. On the other hand, the forestry resources in the western ethnic areas are unevenly distributed, and the structure of the forestry industry is not equita￣ble;the proportion of the primary industry of for￣estry is too high, and the proportion of the second￣ary industry is relatively low. This means that the economic benefits of forestry resources are not fully transformed, something which has seriously affect￣ed the promotion of ecological civilization.
Tourism resources in the western ethnic areas are rich, but the contradiction between tourism de￣velopment and environmental protection is sharp. The tourism industry can effectively improve the level of ecological civilization construction. With rich tourism resources in the western ethnic areas, the tourism industry has become one of the impor￣tant regional pillar industries, especially in Guizhou, Yunnan and Guangxi. However, the conditions of tourism infrastructure and the tourism environment are still relatively backward in western ethnic areas. This is seen especially in the tourist foreign exchange income ratio which is not high. In addition, theunique tourism resources have not strongly attracted more overseas visitors; and, as just said, there are contradictions between regional tourism development and ecological environment protection, which are still very sharp.
The construction of an ecological civilization is a complicated social system project. The con￣struction of an ecological civilization in the western ethnic areas has just started, so we need to in￣tegrate the idea of ecological civilization throughout political, economic, cultural, and social construc￣tion. Furthermore, we need to promote the process of ecological civilization construction according to the local conditions by taking the central authorities’ construction plan of ecological civiliza￣tion as guidance; consider the economic develop￣ment level of each province; and the characteris￣tics of ecological protection and resource environ￣ment in ethnic areas.
First of all, we should change the concept of government at all levels and the entire society in western ethnic areas, and improve the system of ecological civilization construction. For this pur￣pose, we must:( i) strengthen the top-level de￣sign of the ecological civilization system; ( ii) im￣prove relevant systems, such as the development of the national land space; and ( iii ) improve envi￣ronmental protection and ecological compensation in the western ethnic areas and the whole country. Furthermore, through making use of both formal systems, such as political, economic and legal ones, and informal systems, such as ecological culture, we should jointly safeguard and promote the construction of ecological civilization. On the one hand, we must establish and improve various policies related to finance, tax, population and land to improve the level of ecological political civ￣ilization in the western ethnic areas from the level of central government to local administrations. On the other hand, the central government and local administrations in the western ethnic areas must enhance the awareness of the construction of eco￣logical civilization through various ways, including school education and the internet.
Secondly, we should vigorously develop the advantages of the ecological industry in western ethnic areas, such as ecological tourism, ecologi￣cal agriculture and other ecological industries. The construction of ecological civilization should strive to find a balance between ecological environment and stable economic growth. Therefore, according to the characteristics of their ecological environ￣ment, resources, climate and the capacity of the ecological carrying capacity, we should choose ec￣ological industries suitable for regional develop￣ment, such as ecological agriculture, ecological tourism;change the original model of industrial de￣velopment to an ecological mode of production, and improve the level of ecological civilization while protecting the environment.
Thirdly, we should speed up the development of secondary and tertiary industries of forestry in the western ethnic areas, and further optimize the structure of the forestry industry. For this purpose we must further increase forestry investment and construction;and improve the total output value of forestry through afforestation, returning farmland to forest, and coordinating the relationship between the economic forest and ecological forest. Moreo￣ver, we should actively participate in China’s forest food certification and forest certification program;improve the proportion of secondary and tertiary forestry industires; take the initiative to transform the advantage of forestry resources into economic advantages;and improve the level of civilization of the ecological environment.
Finally, it is necessary for the western ethnic areas to continue the practice of constructing an ec￣ological civilization. Though adjustment to local conditions, and actively exploring the practice of ecological civilization construction, we should gradually accumulate experience in the construc￣tion of ecological civilization for the western ethnic areas, and even the whole country. In particular, in Guizhou, Yunnan and Qinghai, we must active￣ly promote the process of regional ecological civili￣zation construction based on the scheme of their own ecological civilization demonstration area pro￣grams. In addition, the western ethnic areas should fully play an important role in informal in￣stitutions, such as national ecological culture.     

西部民族地区政府竞争力塑造的多元视角分析

西部民族地区政府竞争力囿于中央政府宏观经济战略的导向要求,与东部发达地区面临不同的外部约束条件和限定的政府策略空间的选择集。科学地理解中央政府改革的逻辑体系,准确判断西部民族地区面临的改革策略空间,继续在改革的历史逻辑区位上充当不可替代的作用,使得西部民族地区地方政府有更大的能力和空间从中央政府那里不断承接到更多的责任,不失为明智有效的第一步。     

羁縻与渗透:抗战时期国民党政权处理西北民族问题策略透视——以1937年甘肃卓尼事变为例

1937年8月,甘肃卓尼发生藏族土司杨积庆被害事件,围绕此一事件造成的权力真空,中央政权、地方政权、地方实力派与藏族各界展开博弈。抗战方兴,中央政权对待边疆民族宗教问题的策略是努力保持大后方稳定,而地方实力派鲁大昌却力主改土归流,藏族上层人士则居间折冲,实际上主张保留土司制度。地方政权借助军事威慑,恩威并用,以保留形式上的土司制度羁縻藏族上层,以建立地方政权系统逐步进行渗透。     

关于西藏地区实行及建设区域自治的历史考察

依据相关史料,新中国在西藏地区实行区域自治有一个历史的过程。为实现西藏区域自治,中央始终坚持＂和平统一＂的基本方针。为此,党中央为促进达赖集团、班禅集团实现团结,变通规定,建立自治区筹委会,标志西藏地区实现了和平统一。1956年下半年,中央决定西藏六年内暂不改革;1957年3月初,中央再次决定西藏相关工作＂大下马＂,由自治区筹委会,实际上由旧西藏地方政府（噶厦）管理,实行＂区域自治＂。不过,该＂区域自治＂设置了＂区域管理＂、＂不能反对中央＂以及藏钞等不能进入其他藏区等规定。1959年3月,旧西藏地方政府违背这些规定,宣布＂独立＂,发动叛乱,反对中央。这迫使中央政府解散西藏旧地方政府、平息叛乱、改组筹委会,实行新的民族区域自治。     

关于当前中国城市民族关系的几点思考

在深化体制改革和社会主义市场经济发展过程中,我国各地城乡之间的人口流动、西部民族地区与东部中部地区之间的人口流动已十分普遍,这些变化推动西部少数民族地区的经济发展与社会变迁迈上一个新台阶,也使发生在各地区、各层面的民族交往无论在规模上还是在深度上都进入了一个全新的历史时期.面对这样的新形势和新挑战,我国的政府部门、汉族民众和少数民族这三个方面在不同程度上都存在思想准备不足的现象.本文对如何理解当前流动人口大潮中出现的城市民族关系进行了初步的分析,并对今后城市民族工作提出了一些具体的建议.     

分权与旅游治理:基于欠发达地区的实证分析

许多发展中国家实行高度的中央集权,学界对国家政治体制的集权化及其作用已经进行许多有益的探讨,但是对分权的利弊及存在问题却没有深入涉及。本文首先回顾区域治理中的分权理论,提出了一个权力配置、分权控制及其政治规范性的区域治理分析框架,用于描述国家权力在旅游治理中的运行机制,以北部湾旅游发展的实践为例,通过考察中央政府和地方政府、地方企业以及非政府组织在权力治理网络中成长态势,评估广西地方政府在区域旅游治理中的效力,研究发现地方政府在参与决策制定方面仍面临种种困难。     

黔西南布依族苗族自治州森林变通立法探究

《黔西南布依族苗族自治州执行〈中华人民共和国森林法〉变通规定》是我国民族自治地方有关森林资源保护方面的第一项变通规定,该规定不仅对当地的生态环境保护起到了重要的作用,而且充实了我国森林资源的立法,具有重要的参考价值。黔西南州变通立法的成功经验,值得其他民族自治地方在生态环境立法中借鉴。