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1.
Kim Sawchuk 《The American Sociologist》2001,32(1):27-49
Conclusion Mills wrote to his Oxford publisher in 1955. “One book grows out of another; the trouble is not only is there no end to it,
but after the second is pressing upon you before you can finish the first, for planning is more fun than working.” 78 Indeed,
this mode of working was common to all of Mills’ projects. He worked fast and furiously and always juggled a number of different
ideas in various stages of formation. This certainly was the case with The Cultural Apparatus. In a 1955 letter to his publisher
Mills enthusiastically said of the book “I'm into it.” He predicted, optimistically, that unlike his other books, this book
would be easy, a natural for him that “writing it will not involve the anguish that White Collar and Elites have provided.”
By 1959, however, Mills had to admit that this optimism was premature. In “The Personal Note to the Reader” he confessed that
“I've never had so much trouble writing a book as I have with this one, and I’ve never taken so much pain with the writing
of it as I’ve taken to heart the criticism of being repetitious, verbose and prone to jargon.” 79 Mills never completed the
project. By the late 1950's he became preoccupied with the political issues of “war and peace” and American foreign policy
in Cuba, the latter in particular. His health was poor as a result of a heart attack he suffered in December of 1959 on the
eve of a televised debate with an American advisor in Latin America, A.A. Berle. He became embroiled in what he understood
as necessary public work from within the media and he remained adamant about the personal significance of The Cultural Apparatus
in 1959. 相似文献
2.
Dennis H. Wrong 《The American Sociologist》1998,29(1):7-15
My family has included professors for four generations, most of them associated with the University of Toronto. This accounts
for my attending that university as an undergraduate where I first studied sociology, and perhaps suggests that I was fated
to go on to become a professor myself. I also embraced as a teen-ager the now obsolete identity of “intellectual,“ centered
on left-wing political convictions and literary aspirations. This led me into the orbit of the “New York intellectuals“ when
in graduate school at Columbia and later to sympathetic identification with my former teacher C. Wright Mills's argument in
The Sociological Imagination. My father's posting as a diplomat in Washington during the early years of the Cold War made me, however, a critical supporter
of American foreign policy and a liberal opponent of the New Left of the 1960s, a salient presence in the New York University
sociology department where I have long taught. The collapse of communism in the early 1990s has led to the death of socialism
as an ideal and a decline in the influence of Marxism within sociology. It is difficult to foresee what the effects of this
on the field will be in the long run.
Dennis H. Wrong, author of The Problem of Order: Power, Its Forms, Bases, and Uses. 相似文献
3.
Brewer JD 《The British journal of sociology》2004,55(3):317-333
Charles Wright Mills's arguments in The Sociological Imagination are very popular and this paper focuses on the biographical context in which his programmatic statements were occasioned. This breaks new ground by locating The Sociological Imagination and earlier programmatic statements in the professional and personal travails that motivated them. This approach is adopted in order to display the intersection between biography and sociology in Mills's life and career, a feature that he made a central part of sociology's promise. The paper utilizes this approach to reflect on the reasons why The Sociological Imagination became so popular and was able to transcend Mills's general unpopularity at the time of his death; and as part of the explanation of why the dismissal of the book on its publication contrasts with the contemporary view, enabling it to transpose successfully to a time significantly different than at its writing. 相似文献
4.
Bernard S. Phillips 《The American Sociologist》1988,19(2):138-151
Gouldner’s call for a “reflexive sociology” in 1970 remains a largely unexamined idea, yet with the breakdown of functionalism’s
begemony and the present ferment in theory its time may finally have come. In attempting to clarify and reconstruct Gouldner’s
idea, I begin with his concepts “background assumptions” and “domain assumptions,” linking them with Kubn’s ideas. Employing
levels of abstraction to approach Gouldner’s material systematically, I proceed to develop and illustrate two contrasting
background assumptions or world hypotheses: “stratification” and “interaction.” Finally, I examine some methodological implications
of these world views, centering on defining problems, ratio scales and images of measurement, sampling and multivariate-analysis
procedures.
Introduced to sociology by C. Wright Mills, Bernard Phillips studied with Robin N. Williams, Jr. and taught at the University
of North Carolina and the University of Illinois (where he overlapped with Alvin W. Gouldner for a year) before coming to
Boston University. A cofounder of the ASA section, Sociological Practice, Phillips’ interests are in Societal Change, Theory
and Methods. 相似文献
5.
Norman K. Denzin 《The Sociological quarterly》1990,31(1):1-22
This article offers a critical reading of C. Wright Mills's The Sociological Imagination (1959). Such a reading reveals the need to reassess the basis, practice, purpose, and impact of sociology. Accordingly, interpretive materials drawn from stories about and by alcoholics and a new cultural grouping, Adult Children of Alcoholics, are used to illustrate the foundations of a minimalist sociology.
Know that the … sociological imagination has its chance to make a difference in the quality of life in our time. (Mills 1959, p. 226) 相似文献
Know that the … sociological imagination has its chance to make a difference in the quality of life in our time. (Mills 1959, p. 226) 相似文献
6.
Mustafa Emirbayer 《Sociological Forum》1996,11(2):263-284
Emile Durkheim has long been viewed as one of the founders of the so-called variables-oriented approach to sociological investigation.
This view ignores his considerable achievements using the methodology of “case-based” historical analysis, most prominent
among them, his lectures on the history of French education (The Evolution of Educational Thought).In this paper I first outline the intimate relationship that Durkheim envisioned between historical and sociological investigation.
I then turn to his work on French education for substantive illustrations of his approach. Finally, I explore certain points
of intersection between Durkheim's approach to history and present-day concerns, especially in regard to the role of culture
in history and the opposition between prospective and retrospective (“teleological”) strategies of historical analysis. 相似文献
7.
James R. Abbott 《The American Sociologist》2006,37(3):15-30
It is widely acknowledged that American sociology underwent a metamorphosis during the 1960s. This transformation was both
paradigmatic and political. Advocates of critical theory, broadly understood, driven by a markedly leftist political sensitivity,
took center stage in that turbulent decade and marginalized proponents of formerly authoritative frameworks such as Functionalism,
in general, or Parsonsian action theory while casting suspicion upon sociological work presuming to be objective and value-free,
i.e., “scientific.” Among the formidable figures who engineered this paradigm shift were C. Wright Mills and Howard Becker,
both of whom have been elevated to iconic status. They are presumed to have helped lead professional sociology out of the
dark ages and to have invigorated the discipline with a constructive humanism that attended to real social problems and which
called for a better world, one committed to a genuine egalitarianism. In the final analysis, however, there is reason to doubt
whether the works of Mills and Becker—and the metamorphosis they helped bring about—were at all constructive and humanistic.
Rather, the evidence seems to suggest that the motive force behind Mills’ and Becker’s research was ressentiment. Following Max Scheler’s classic work on the subject of negative feelings in modern society, I argue that Mills and Becker
were ultimately driven by an egalitarianism that was neither affirming nor loving. Rather, this egalitarianism was essentially
leveling, content to forever dismantle social realities and lower entities presumed elite without ever reconstituting the
world. Thus, Mills and Becker (and by extension large coteries of contemporary sociologists) were against many things, but
for very little; the objects of their criticism were clear enough, but their meliorative agendas were either absent altogether,
or, when pressed, incoherent from self-contradiction. And, as Scheler contended, critical sociological work bereft of an affirming
voice contributes to the negation of value.
The author is indebted to Harold J. Bershady and Richard Farnum who contributed to an earlier version of this paper. The author
thanks editor Lawrence Nichols and the anonymous reviewers for their constructive criticisms. 相似文献
8.
Paige Arthur 《Theory and Society》2007,36(3):231-243
In this article reviewing three books on Sartre written by Ronald Aronson, Bernhard-Henri Lévy, and Ronald Santoni, I note
that an enduring interest in Sartre’s life and philosophy centers on the justifiability of revolutionary violence and terror.
I argue that critics too often, and sometimes obsessively, focus on the same texts and actions, typically related to his support
for communism in the 1950s. They thus often reproduce a Cold War narrative of his life and work, wrongly obscuring his other
great political engagement on behalf of national liberation and anticolonial resistance movements around the world. When critics
do, however, consider his views in relationship to decolonization, they are often reduced to the muckracking pages of his
preface to Frantz Fanon’s The Wretched of the Earth – a text that is in fact unrepresentative of positions he took in more sustained works, such as The Critique of Dialectical Reason and the 1964 “Rome Lecture” on ethics. I suggest that this “Cold War lens” ought to be removed, so that a fuller and more
nuanced understanding of Sartre’s views on political violence might be achieved. Indeed, Aronson’s book is the only one among
the three that begins to make this move.
Paige Arthur is the Deputy Director of the Research Unit at the International Center for Transitional Justice, an international organization that assists countries pursuing accountability for past mass atrocity or human rights abuse. She holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of California, Berkeley (2004), and is a specialist on the intellectual politics of European decolonization and of its aftermath. She has written about the politics of race in 1970s France (article forthcoming in Jonathan Judaken, editor, Race After Sartre) as well as the contemporary relevance of Third Worldism (Ethics & International Affairs, 2002). Her current research focuses on the relationship between identity politics and transitional justice. For more than 5 years, she was an editor of the journal Ethics & International Affairs, published by the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs. She was also the Senior Program Officer for the Ethics in a Violent World initiative at the Carnegie Council. She has taught at both UC Berkeley and the New School. 相似文献
Paige ArthurEmail: |
Paige Arthur is the Deputy Director of the Research Unit at the International Center for Transitional Justice, an international organization that assists countries pursuing accountability for past mass atrocity or human rights abuse. She holds a Ph.D. in History from the University of California, Berkeley (2004), and is a specialist on the intellectual politics of European decolonization and of its aftermath. She has written about the politics of race in 1970s France (article forthcoming in Jonathan Judaken, editor, Race After Sartre) as well as the contemporary relevance of Third Worldism (Ethics & International Affairs, 2002). Her current research focuses on the relationship between identity politics and transitional justice. For more than 5 years, she was an editor of the journal Ethics & International Affairs, published by the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs. She was also the Senior Program Officer for the Ethics in a Violent World initiative at the Carnegie Council. She has taught at both UC Berkeley and the New School. 相似文献
9.
Ariana J. Valle 《Identities: Global Studies in Culture and Power》2020,27(2):133-152
ABSTRACTWhether Latinos in the United States are an ethnic or racial group is extensively debated. Some propose Latinos are an ethnic group on their way to becoming white, others contend Latinos are a racialised group, and an alternate perspective posits Latinos are an ethnoracial group. This study intervenes in this debate by examining the identities of second- and 1.5-generation Central Americans in Los Angeles, California. Drawing on 27 in-depth interviews, I show Central Americans have an identity repertoire, which includes national origin, panethnic, racial, and minority identities. I also capture the situations and reference groups that influence the deployment of ethnic and racial identities. These results suggest Central Americans develop an ethnoracial identity. I argue Central Americans’ ethnoracial identity emerges from agency – subjective understandings of themselves and resisting invisibility in Mexican Los Angeles – and from structure – a racialised society, institutionally-created panethnic categories, and racially-based experiences. 相似文献
10.
Michael Morris 《The American Sociologist》1989,20(2):123-133
This paper focuses on the emergence of the “underclass,” and the decline of the “culture of poverty,” as terminologies used
in scholarly and popular analysis of certain lowincome groups in American society. It is argued that the theoretical cores
of these two concepts are similar but not identical, and that a shift in “public language” has occurred. This shift represents
the most recent chapter in the historical process of word substitution that Matza (1966) claims has characterized society’s
response to the disreputable poor. The factors responsible for this shift are analyzed, and the consequent potential for miscommunication
is highlighted.
where his research interests include poverty policy and program evaluation. He is the author (with John B. Williamson) ofPoverty and Public Policy (1986).
This article is a revised version of a paper presented at the annual meeting of the Society for the Study of Social Problems,
August 1986. I wish to thank the anonymous reviewers ofThe American Sociologist for their thoughtful comments and suggestions. 相似文献
11.
Irving Louis Horowitz 《The American Sociologist》2003,34(1-2):10-16
Let me preface my remarks by saying that we are here to honor a living, breathing colleague. My great concern, and in this
I am sure that I speak for my colleagues as well, is that any imputation of a postmortem be avoided. Indeed, I would like
to believe that Marty will review these various contributions and make his own assessments-critical or approvingly. The fact
that he is not present in this conference hall should not deter us from speaking frankly and forthrightly. Marty merits nothing
less. What binds us all is the sure knowledge that the work of Lipset speaks to us in personal as well as professional ways.
That he has touched so many of us in both the private and public realms is itself a testimonial of the magnitude of his contribution
to the field of political sociology. So it is in that spirit of a collégial dialogue that I offer these remarks. Let us hope
that a year from now a session of one person can be held, at which S. M. Lipset will provide rebuttals and responses to those
of us herein gathered.
His most recent work in the field is Behemoth: Main Currents in the History and Theory of Political Sociology.
The two major sources for traching the written works of Seymour Lipset are contained in Reexamining Democracy: Essays in Honor
of Seymour Martin Lipset, edited by Gary Marx and Martin Diamond. Newberry Park, California: Sage Publishers. 1992, especially
pp. 332–355. For work done by Lipset after 1991; as embodied in his later work, see Lipset's essay on “Steady Work: An Academic
Memoir,” Annual Review of Socialogy: Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1996, pp. 1–27. My reference to works mentioned in the narrative can
be found in either of these bibliography sources. 相似文献
12.
Sue McPherson 《International Journal of Sexuality and Gender Studies》2001,6(3):207-220
This essay begins by examining the representations and interpretations of women and men in two sets of images: the Women's Institute Alternative Calendar and a television commercial for Guinness beer. Both of these compositions are exceptional in their own right, and have captured the imaginations of wide audiences. Taken together, the counterpointing of culture and nature, serenity and intensity, and feminine charm and virility creates a montage of images that both reflect and represent traditional forms of femininity and masculinity. This essay draws on a variety of sociological and interdisciplinary theoretical approaches, with an emphasis on the storied nature of lives, sexuality, and life change. C. Wright Mills declares that the sociological imagination is necessary in order to grasp history and biography and the relations between the two within society (Mills, 1959, p. 6). The author's aim in this essay, following through on Mills's idea, is to provide insight into the lives of earlier cohorts of women and a glimpse into how personal and social change comes about. 相似文献
13.
María Isabel Ayala 《Sociological Forum》2012,27(4):1037-1045
In this essay, I present an interdisciplinary examination of the state of research in Latino education, addressing not only the cultural forces influencing Latinos’ educational attainment, but also the structural conditions faced by them—as a racialized minority group—throughout their schooling and that have a cumulative effect on their academic attainment. Overall, I suggest that by engaging in a critical review of the literature on Latinos’ educational attainment, the reader will acknowledge that the racially driven hierarchical structural arrangements are highly responsible for the patterns observed. 相似文献
14.
Yew-Kwang Ng 《Social Choice and Welfare》1999,16(2):197-216
Harsanyi (1997) argues that, for normative issues, informed preferences should be used, instead of actual preferences or
happiness (or welfare). Following his argument allowing him to move from actual to informed preferences to its logical conclusion
forces us to use happiness instead. Where informed preferences differ from happiness due to a pure concern for the welfare
of others, using the former involves multiple counting. This “concerning effect” (non-affective altruism) differs from and
could be on top of the “minding effect” (affective altruism) of being happy seeing or helping others to be happy. The concerning/minding
effect should be excluded/included in social decision. Non-affective altruism is shown to exist in a compelling hypothetical
example. Just as actual preferences should be discounted due to the effects of ignorance and spurious preferences, informed
preferences should also be discounted due to some inborn or acquired tendencies to be irrational, such as placing insufficient
weights on the welfare of the future, maximizing our biological fitness instead of our welfare. Harsanyi's old result on utilitarianism
is however defended against criticisms in the last decade.
Harsanyi (1997) argues, among other things, that in welfare economics and ethics, what are important are people's informed preferences, rather than either their actual preferences (as emphasized by modern economists) or their happiness (as emphasized by early utilitarians). The main purpose of this paper is to argue that, pursuing Harsanyi's argument that
allows him to move from actual to informed preferences to its logical conclusion forces us to happiness as the ultimately
important thing. The early utilitarians were right after all! Since I personally approve of Harsanyi's basic argument, I regard
myself as his follower who becomes more Catholic than the Pope. (It is not denied that, in practice, the practical difficulties
and undesirable side-effects of the procedure of using happiness instead of preferences have to be taken into account. Thus, even if we ultimately wish to maximize the
aggregate happiness of people, it may be best in practice to maximize their aggregate preferences in most instances. This
important consideration will be largely ignored in this paper.) The secondary objective is to give a brief defence of Harsanyi's
(1953, 1955) much earlier argument for utilitarianism (social welfare as a sum of individual utilities) that has received
some criticisms in the last decade. The argument (e.g. Roemer 1996) that Harsanyi's result is irrelevant to utilitarianism
is based on the point that the VNM (von Neumann-Morgenstern) utility is unrelated to the subjective and interpersonally comparable
cardinal utility needed for a social welfare function. Harsanyi's position is defended by showing that the two types of utility
are the same (apart from an indeterminate zero point for the former that is irrelevant for utilitarianism concerning the same
set of people).
Received: 29 May 1997 / Accepted: 3 November 1997 相似文献
15.
Jan C. Schmidt 《Poiesis & praxis》2011,7(4):249-274
Among others, the term “problem” plays a major role in the various attempts to characterize interdisciplinarity or transdisciplinarity,
as used synonymously in this paper. Interdisciplinarity (ID) is regarded as “problem solving among science, technology and
society” and as “problem orientation beyond disciplinary constraints” (cf. Frodeman et al.: The Oxford Handbook of Interdisciplinarity.
Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2010). The point of departure of this paper is that the discourse and practice of ID have problems with the “problem”. The objective
here is to shed some light on the vague notion of “problem” in order to advocate a specific type of interdisciplinarity: problem-oriented interdisciplinarity. The outline is as follows: Taking an ex negativo approach, I will show what problem-oriented ID does not mean. Using references to well-established distinctions in philosophy of science, I will show three other types of ID that
should not be placed under the umbrella term “problem-oriented ID”: object-oriented ID (“ontology”), theory-oriented ID (epistemology),
and method-oriented ID (methodology). Different philosophical thought traditions can be related to these distinguishable meanings.
I will then clarify the notion of “problem” by looking at three systematic elements: an undesired (initial) state, a desired
(goal) state, and the barriers in getting from the one to the other. These three elements include three related kinds of knowledge:
systems, target, and transformation knowledge. This paper elaborates further methodological and epistemological elements of
problem-oriented ID. It concludes by stressing that problem-oriented ID is the most needed as well as the most challenging
type of ID. 相似文献
16.
William Form 《The American Sociologist》1997,28(4):31-54
This sketch describes how I accidentally became a sociologist. More importantly, it describes undergraduate sociology training
at a private liberal arts university during the Great Depression of the 1930s. The University of Maryland began a Ph.D. program
in sociology just before World War II began. I report on graduate training there, as well as the social and intellectual life
of the department. C. Wright Mills began his academic career at Maryland. I consider his place in the department, my experiences
with him as my dissertation director, and how he influenced my lifelong study on the bearing of social stratification to politics. 相似文献
17.
Yehouda Shenhav 《Theory and Society》2007,36(1):1-30
This article looks at nationalism and religion, analyzing the sociological mechanisms by which their intersection is simultaneously
produced and obscured. I propose that the construction of modern nationalism follows two contradictory principles that operate
simultaneously: hybridization and purification. Hybridization refers to the mixing of “religious” and “secular” practices;
purification refers to the separation between “religion” and “nationalism” as two distinct ontological zones. I test these
arguments empirically using the case of Zionist nationalism. As a movement that was born in Europe but traveled to the Middle
East, Zionism exhibits traits of both of these seemingly contradictory principles, of hybridization and purification, and
pushes them to their limits. The article concludes by pointing to an epistemological asymmetry in the literature by which
the fusion of nationalism and religion tends to be underplayed in studies of the West and overplayed in studies of the East/global
South.
Yehouda Shenhav (Ph.D. Stanford University, 1985) is professor of Sociology at Tel-Aviv University. He is the editor of Theory & Criticism (Hebrew) and senior editor for Organization Studies. Among his recent books are The Arab Jews (Stanford University Press, 2006), Manufacturing Rationality (Oxford University Press, 1999), and What is Multiculturalism (Bavel Press, Hebrew, 2005, with Yossi Yonah). He is currently working on topics in political theology, colonial bureaucracy, and “state of exception.” 相似文献
Yehouda ShenhavEmail: |
Yehouda Shenhav (Ph.D. Stanford University, 1985) is professor of Sociology at Tel-Aviv University. He is the editor of Theory & Criticism (Hebrew) and senior editor for Organization Studies. Among his recent books are The Arab Jews (Stanford University Press, 2006), Manufacturing Rationality (Oxford University Press, 1999), and What is Multiculturalism (Bavel Press, Hebrew, 2005, with Yossi Yonah). He is currently working on topics in political theology, colonial bureaucracy, and “state of exception.” 相似文献
18.
19.
Talcott parsons and the “far east” at Harvard, 1941–48: Comparative institutions and national policy
This article traces the involvement of Talcott Parsons in research and teaching about Asian nations, especially China and
Japan, in the period of World War II. The data indicate that, in contrast to his Eurocentric image, Parsons worked to develop
a global perspective in studies on comparative institutions. This approach, inspired by the sociology of Max Weber, also addressed
the practical needs of policy makers in connection with the war effort. Within Parsons’s intellectual biography, it stands
between the “voluntaristic” framework of his early treatise, The Structure of Social Action (1937) and the later non-historical formalism of The Social System (1951) for which he is perhaps most famous. An understanding of this relatively unknown phase of Parsons’s work is therefore
indispensable for an adequate appreciation of his career as a whole. 相似文献
20.
Myles J. Kelleher 《The American Sociologist》2001,32(4):70-88
In a landmark article published in 1943, the young C. Wright Mills roundly criticized early American sociologists who focused
on the sociology of social problems. These “social pathologists,” Mills argued, were social conservatives with homogeneous
viewpoints who strove to maintain the established social order. A review of recent surveys on the political attitudes of sociologists,
an analysis of recent articles on social problems published by the American Sociological Association (ASA) and the Society
for the Study of Social Problems, an examination of social problems textbooks, and a consideration of the proceedings of the
ASA annual meetings reveal an extraordinary turnabout. An ongoing trend toward the politicization of sociology and the radicalization
of the sociology of social problems has resulted in a diminished stature of the profession which jeopardizes its future. 相似文献