人口死亡水平的国际比较

利用各国的人口资料,使用婴儿死亡率和平均预期寿命这两个关于人口死亡的重要指标,比较中国和世界 人口的死亡水平和变动趋势。根据各国的人均收入,揭示人均收入和平均寿命的统计关系。     

全球化背景下的国际间人口迁移研究

国际间的人口迁移与境内迁移有着很大的不同,这些不同包括国际间迁移遇到更多的障碍,受到各国迁移法规和政策限制;迁移者知识和技能是否可以转移到另一社会环境中使用的问题;国家之间语言、文化宗教以及其它一系列差异要远远大于境内区域间的差异。由于国际迁移的这些特点,国际迁移在境内迁移的理论基础上,还要考虑国家之间的法规和政策限制的因素、国家间社会福利之间的差别,以及更注重对非经济因素的考查。目前的全球化和区域一体化趋势对国际的或区域的劳动力市场发展提出了新的要求。     

International Conference on Population concluded with success

This article briefly summarizes the proceedings of the International Conference on Population held in Mexico city in August, 1984. The Secretary General of the Conference, R.M. Salas stated the overriding objective of population policies to be stabilization of global population, and called for cntinuation and strengthening of global population programs. Many delegations gave particular emphasis to the strict respect for state sovereignty in the formulation and implementation of national population policies, and to the basic human right of all couples and individuals to have full freedom to decide the number and spacing of their children, as well as to have full access to information and means necessary to make their decision. The US view that a free economy has a direct and rapid effect on fertility decline was rejected because some delegations deemed it improper to mention only 1 economic system in an international document. A proposal from the Holy See on abortion met with compromise in the adoption of the statement that "abortion should not be, in any case, promoted as a method of family planning." The chariman of the 27 member Chinese delegation, Wang Wei, emphasized in his speech the need for each country to determine its own policy regarding population, and described some of China's achievements in population control. The Chinese delegation made its own contribution to the formulation of 88 recommendations by actively participating in discussions and group consultations and offering its constructive proposals for important items. China was elected as one of the Vice Chairmen of the Conference and served as a member country of the Credential Committee as well as a co-sponsor of the Declaration.     

On the Origins of the United States Government's International Population Policy

Based on documents obtained from the archives of the Agency for International Development and on the author's interviews with participants in the field, this article describes the evolution of America's international population policy. The analysis highlights the perceived negative view of the consequences of rapid population growth that were popular among American policy makers during the 1960s. Also discussed are organizational and policy changes that took place within the Agency for International Development's population programme during its early years. The article concludes that the origins of America's international population programme were fundamentally conservative, and based on the assumption that a certain demographic balance was an essential feature of a properly ordered social life.     

人口有序管理的国际经验与中国实践——基于流动人口服务管理的视角

本文探讨了发达国家在人口登记管理、信息管理、流动人口调控及社会融合政策等方面的成功经验及植入我国的四大体制障碍——人口信息整合环节断裂、地方财权事权环节断裂、鼓励就业环节断裂、举家迁移环节断裂。基于人口有序管理良性循环的理论框架,论述了发达国家人口有序管理经验对我国流动人口服务管理的启示,即建立"双核心"人口管理信息系统;建立人口有序管理协作机制,突出"成本杠杆"作用;建立居住证制度,实现流动人口渐进式福利供给;改革分税制和转移支付制,实现公共福利均衡供给;建立以"城市功能定位"为导向的公共资源合理配置机制,促进人口与产业有机结合;建立以家庭团聚为重要维度的社会融合机制,体现对"事实移民"的人性关怀。     

Refining Population Health Comparisons: A Multidimensional First Order Dominance Approach

Protest parties are on the rise in several European countries. This development is commonly attributed to a growing dissatisfaction with life and associated with declining quality of life in modern society of the lowest social strata. This explanation is tested in a cross-sectional analysis of voting and life-satisfaction in 63 districts of the city of Rotterdam in the Netherlands, where the share of protest voters increased from 10 % in 1994 to 31 % in 2009. Contrary to this explanation protest voting appeared not to be the most frequent in the least happy districts of Rotterdam, but in the medium happy segment. Also divergent from this explanation was that average happiness in city districts is largely independent of local living conditions, but is rather a matter of personal vulnerability in terms of education, income and health. These results fit alternative explanations in terms of middle class status anxiety.     

International Experts Committee on Population Aging Longevity was Established

On 6^th September 2012, International Experts Committee on Population Aging Longevity（IECPAL） was established in Hainan.Participants of the Second Session of International Workshop on Population Aging Longevity discussed and passed the IECPAL Constitution hereinafter referred as the Experts Committee Constitution.The primary stage of IECPAL Secretariat was sponsored by Committee on Population of the Society for Research and Analysis of China’s Social and Economic Systems,and international cooperative agencies in Japan,Republic of Korea and other countries. IECPAL is formed by experts and scholars from the fields of natural     

人口老龄化与经济发展相对速度的国际比较

通过与我国经济发展水平接近的国家人口老龄化程度的比较,发现"未富先老"并非我国所特有,而是在发展中国家带有一定的普遍性,我国的老龄化程度在同等经济水平的国家中处于中等水平.在世界人口大国中,老龄化程度与人均GDP存在相关性,我国的老龄化程度符合人口大国的演变规律.我国不仅要依靠发展经济来缓解养老压力,更要依靠加强养老制度建设来从根本上解决人口老龄化问题.     

4th International Population Conference: drawing the community into population programs

Summarizes the deliberations and recommendations of the (1978) 4th International Population Conference: "Expanding Rural and Urban Community Participation in Population Programs," sponsored by the World Population Society and the Population Center Foundation, and held in the Philippines. The 2 main concerns were finding ways of involving people in rural villages and urban communities in population programs, and fostering the sharing of ideas and experiences for the benefit of program administrators. Topics covered by the conference and reviewed here were organization and action for community participation; relating population and family planning to other services and the relevant personnel; role of women and women's organizations; involvement of youth; distribution of family planning information, techniques, and supplies; and new ideas and approaches. The resolutions of the delegates and other recommendations are also reviewed.     

The International Parliamentary Assembly on Population and Development held in Mexico City

The International Parliamentary Assmebly on Population and Development took place on August 15-16, 1984, with the participation of more than 300 parliamentarians from 60 countries. The aim was to promote an exchange of views on population programs and policies among parliamentarians, and to support the recommendations adopted by the UN International Conference on Population. The assembly held discussion in 3 subcommittees on the subjects of 1) policies of population and development; 2) the legal and social status of women; and 3) the improvement of family planning service. On population policy, parliamentarians generally agreed that policy formulation is the prerogative of each sovereign country, stressing that such policies and programs should be integrated with social and economic development. The developing countries stronly demanded that a new international economic order be established and international aid increased to help them in solving the popultion problem. Concerning the status of women, the assembly unanimously agreed that both men and women should not only be legally equal, but should also have de facto equality for employment, education and social life. Attention should be given particularly to the rights and status of rural women. Examples of how the status of Chinese women has improved were offered by Chinese representative and were appreciated by the assembly. On improving family planning services, participants urged provision of information about birth control to people of marriageable age and of access to contraceptives to eligible couples; moreover, they advocated the strengthening of medical care for women and children and the lowering of infant and maternal mortality rates. Dr. Qian Xinzhong described the priorities and goals of family planning programs in China. Finally, the assembly unanimously adopted the "Action Plan," whose contents embody independence, respect for national sovereignty, and the spirit of cooperation and conformity to the interest of the international community, particularly the developing nations.     

CPDRC Successfully Convened Side Event on PADIS- INT during the XXVII International Population Conference

O n the afternoon of August 26, 2013, during the XXVII IUSSP jlnternational Population Conference, Population China and Development Research Center （CPDRC） and Digital China（China）, Ltd. convened a side event on PADIS-INT, a web-based Population Projection Software. At the side event, PADIS-INT was introduced for the third time at international occasions after the first side event to promote PAD1S-INT in 2011 at the UN headquarters and the second side event at the Conference on Sustainable Development in     

人口老龄化与社会福利状况:国际比较及其启示

国际比较表明,无论是与人口老龄化程度相当的国家相比,还是与经济发展水平相当的国家相比,中国在公共福利支出和社会养老保障制度方面都存在明显的不足和滞后。人口老龄化挑战的真正涵义是:能否在经济、社会转型和人口迅速老龄化的条件下,建立起公平、合理、有效的国家制度安排和社会应对机制。解决人口老龄化问题的根本出路不仅在于加快经济发展,弘扬传统文化,而且在于完善社会保障制度、增加公共福利支出。     

Reactions of Developing‐Country Elites to International Population Policy

The authors examine the global diffusion of international population policy, which they consider a cultural item. The process of cultural diffusion is often seen as spontaneous: items of Western culture are in demand because they are universally attractive. Yet cultural flows may also be directed, they may be unattractive to their intended recipients, and their acceptance may depend on persuasion and material incentives. The authors consider the range of responses of national elites to the new population policy adopted by the United Nations at Cairo in 1994. Strongly influenced by feminists, the Cairo Program of Action promotes gender equity and reproductive health and demotes previous concerns with population growth. The data are interviews with representatives of governmental and nongovernmental organizations involved in population and health in five developing countries. To interpret the interviews, the authors draw on two theoretical frameworks. The first emphasizes the attractiveness of new cultural items and the creation of a normative consensus about their value. The second emphasizes differentials in power and resources among global actors and argues that the diffusion of cultural items can be directed by powerful donor states. Interviews in Bangladesh, Ghana, Jordan, Malawi, and Senegal portray a mixed reception to Cairo: enthusiastic embrace of certain aspects of the Cairo policy by some members of the national elite and a realistic assessment of donor power by virtually all. Strategies of rhetoric and action appear to be aimed at maintaining and directing the flows of donor funds.     

Schools of Thought: An Analysis of Interest Groups Influential in International Population Policy

This analysis, written in 1993, explores the relationships; among competing schools of thought in the international population policy arena. It offers the following observations: (1) Five interest groups are influential: the population-concerned community, a market-oriented group, people focusing on equitable distribution of resources, women's advocates, and the Vatican; (2) Only one of the five groups wants to draw attention to population growth; the other four all have other priorities and prefer to reduce attention to demography, seeing attention to population growth as interfering with their priorities; (3) Any attempt to base policy on identified common ground in this situation would result in asymmetry, turning policy attention away from population growth.     

A general review of the discussion at the Beijing International Symposium on Population and Development]

A general review of papers and discussions at the Beijing International Symposium on Population and Development held December 10-14, 1984 is presented. Discussions on population and development included China's population change 1949-1982, impacts of economic change on Tianjin's population, the population factor in economic development policy-making, Japanese population and development, recent population development in Hungary, population and economy, comprehensive long-term population development in Russia, fertility rate change factors in China, Shanghai's population change, and population and economic development in Mian County, Shaanxi Province. Fertility rate changes were discussed, including multinational borderline value assumptions, recent trends in life span fertility rate in China, fertility rate in Jiangsu Province, fertility rate change in Zhejiang Province, and sterilization in Yangjiaping, Thailand. Population and employment discussions included the economic impact of world population change, the 1984 International Population Conference, changes in economically productive population and employment strategy, employed/unemployed populations in Guangdong Province, and the economic composition of China's population. Urbanization discussions covered population and development methodological problems, population growth and economic development in the Pacific region, surplus rural population transfer and economic development in China, urbanization analysis, trends and urban population distribution problems, and Laioning Province population development. Issues in migration, population distribution, and regional population included migration and development of the Great Northwest, internal migration to Beijing, Chinese population growth and economic development by major region, and current population changes of Chinese Tibetans. Under social problems of population, discussions included women's status, development and population change, Shanghai's aging trend, analysis of the aged population, analysis of educational quality in Anhui Province, and the retirement system in Chinese villages.     

Speech at the UN International Conference on Population,Mexico City,August, 1984

In seeking a solution to its population problem, China, as a developing socialist country, has been making unremitting efforts to develop economy while controlling the rapid growth. The objective is to control rapid population growth so that population growth may be in keeping with socioeconomic development and commensurate with utilization of natural resources and environmental protection. In the past decade, and particularly since 1979, China has made much progress in developing economy and gained remarkable successes in controlling population growth. The natural population growth rate dropped to 1.15% in 1983, from 2.089% in 1973. Living standards have improved with a gradual annual increase of per capita income. All this proves that the policy of promoting family planning to control population growth along with planned economic development is correct. In China family planning is a basic state policy. The government has advocated the practice of "1 couple, 1 child" since 1979. This does not mean that 1 couple could have 1 child only in every case. The government provides guidance for the implementation of family planning programs in the light of specific conditions such as economic developments, cultural background, population structure, and the wishes of the people in different localities. The requirements are more flexible in rural than in urban areas and more so among the people of national minorities than among the people of the Han Nationality. In rural areas, couples who have actual difficulties and want to have 2 children may have a 2nd birth with planned spacing. In carrying out its family planning program, China has consistently adhered to the principle of integrating state guidance with the masses' voluntariness. The government has always emphasized the importance of encouraging the people's own initiatives, through publicity and education, which is the key link in implementing the family planning program.     

“中国、日本、韩国人口与发展国际学术会议”综述

当前,人口变动与发展成为一个令人关注的重要问题,需要我们认真研究。本次中国、日本、韩国人口与发展国际学术会议,就各国的生育水平、生育文化、人口政策、老龄化等问题交流学术观点,这对于加强各国学者之间的交流与合作,具有重要的现实意义。     

国际大都市人口发展战略对中国的启示——以广州市为例

新加坡、伦敦、东京、纽约等国际大都市在其发展过程中,都遇到了人口急剧增长带来的各种社会问题。这些城市在应对人口发展引发的各种问题时,综合考虑了本国的产业转型、资源现状以及公共服务供给等多方面因素,依据各自的特点,制定了不同的人口发展战略。建设人才高地,适应产业调整;通过产业转移,引导人口迁移;充分利用资源,均衡人口分布;完善公共服务,支持人口发展;建设中心城区,保持适度人口是这些城市给中国大城市人口发展战略制定带来的启示。