The Invisible (Inaudible) Woman: Nursing in the English Academy

Nursing is numerically a far larger academic discipline than medicine, and is situated in many more higher education institutions in England (over 50), whereas there are 21 medical schools. Like the rest of ‘non medical education and training’ it is purchased through a quasi‐market. Despite the size of this market, however, nursing education has until recently been largely invisible in policy documents and the ambitions of nursing academics to develop their subject are seen as inappropriate. This article explores this invisibility and inaudibility, with particular reference to the 1997 Richards Report, Clinical Academic Careers and the 2001 Nuffield Trust report, A New Framework for NHS/University Relations. It draws on the work of Davies on the ‘professional predicament’ of nursing, to argue that, although the move of nursing education into higher education had the aim of improving its status, nursing has difficulty finding its voice within academia. As a result, issues which are salient for nursing (as for many of the health professions), such as a poor (or relatively poor) showing in the Research Assessment Exercise and the complexities of balancing research, teaching and maintaining clinical competence, are raised as high‐profile issues only in medicine.     

Caring in forensic nursing. Expanding the holistic model

Nurses have practiced forensic nursing for many years without formal recognition of the domain as a discipline for specialized study. Forensic nursing expands the traditional concept of holism to include the medical-legal aspects of potential or actual client problems. The American Nurses Association (ANA) and the International Association of Forensic Nurses (IAFN) recently have designated forensic nursing as a unique specialty. Recognition of forensic nursing as a specialty area of practice within nursing mandates that the specialty define and explicate its major conceptual base. A concept germane to the practice of forensic nursing is that of caring. Caring as a central concept to the role of this specialty is discussed, and the implications for its inclusion in a curriculum preparing forensic nurses are explored.     

LIVRES

Notices Bibliographiques: Gender and civil society: Transcending boundaries . Publié sous la direction de Jude HOWELL et Diane MULLIGAN. Londres, Routledge Notices Bibliographiques: The economics of work and family . Publié sous la direction de Jean KIMMEL et Emily P. HOFFMAN. Kalamazoo, W. E. Upjohn Notices Bibliographiques: Kids at work: The value of employer sponsored on‐site child care centers . Par Rachel CONNELLY, Deborah S. DEGRAFF et Rachel A. WILLIS. Kalamazoo, W.E. Upjohn Notices Bibliographiques: Fighting for time: Shifting boundaries of work and social life . Publié sous la direction de Cynthia FUCHS EPSTEIN et Arne KALLEBERG Telework and social change: How technology is reshaping the boundaries between home and work . Par Nicole B. ELLISON Notices Bibliographiques: Leaving welfare: Employment and well‐being of the families that left welfare in the post‐entitlement era . Par Gregory ACS et Pamela LOPREST. Kalamazoo, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Notices Bibliographiques: Helping working families: The Earned Income Tax Credit . Par Saul D. HOFFMANN et Laurence S. SEIDMAN. Kalamazoo, W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research Notices Bibliographiques: The scientific reproduction of gender inequality: A discourse analysis of research texts on women's entrepreneurship . Par Helen AHL. Nouvelles publications du BIT : América Latina. Negociación colectiva y equidad de género . Publié sous la direction de Laís Abramo et Marta Rangel. Santiago du Chili, BIT Nouvelles publications du BIT : Employers' organisations taking the lead on gender equality: Case studies from 10 countries . Genève Nouvelles publications du BIT : Gender equality and decent work: Good practices at the workplace . Genève     

Employee perceptions of the effects of a two-tier wage structure

This exploratory study examines three research questions related to employees’ perceptions concerning the effects and purposes of a permanent two-tier wage structure in their employment setting. Although much of the popular literature on employee dissatisfaction with tiers has focused on low-wage tier employees, the results of this study indicate overall dissatisfaction with the effects of tiers amongboth high- and low-wage tier employees. Financial support for this study was provided by the W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and the Master of Arts in Industrial Relations Program at Wayne State University.     

Barriers preventing high-quality nursing care of people with disabilities within acute care settings: a thematic literature review

This literature review was conducted to identify obstacles in the provision of quality nursing care to people with disabilities within acute care settings. Research in 2006 by the Disability Rights Commission found that people with disabilities have healthcare needs that are not being adequately met with the quality of care expected or anticipated. Obstacles to the provision of high-quality nursing care are a matter of concern to nursing clinicians, educators and researchers involved with establishing and maintaining professional standards of care for nursing practice. Therefore, this review has identified three major themes illustrating barriers to provision of high-quality nursing care in the acute care setting to people with disabilities. Themes identified were: professional competence, professional attitudes and organisational management. Nurses have an obligation to take into account the concerns and needs of individual clients with a disability.     

The Gender Structure of the Nursing Hierarchy: The Role of Human Capital

This study investigated the factors contributing to the over‐representation of men in senior positions in nursing. A questionnaire was distributed to a stratified random sample of 1536 registered nurses in New South Wales, Australia. The data were analysed using multiple logistic regression and showed that women's greater likelihood of taking breaks from full‐time employment was the major variable contributing to the gender segmentation of the nursing workforce. This has implications for those working towards ‘family friendly’ workplaces.     

THE ARCHIVE STATE AND THE FEAR OF POLLUTION: FROM THE OPIUM WARS TO FU-MANCHU

This article considers the relationship between the production of a British imperial archive on China and the global politics of empire over the last century and a half. Drawing upon the theoretical work of Bruno Latour, Gayatri Spivak and Thomas Richards,the archive is explored as a coherent set of material practices designed to decode and recode China and other colonized territories. Imagined as an interface between knowledge and the state, the British archive required the establishment of an epistemological network designed to generate knowledge on China. The knowledge so produced was then used to manipulate local scenes and to provide intelligence in ‘the Great Game’, the continuing contest with Russia over domination in Central Asia. Because of its desire for comprehensive knowledge of other peoples and places, the archive also generated its own phantasms, ones which threatened to undermine and destroy empire. This process of self-haunting is explored through the figure of Fu-Manchu, a discernible mutation of epistemological empire, and linked to the cold war which emerged on the Eurasian landmass after 1945.     

LIVRES

Notice bibliographique: Theoretical perspectives on work and the employment relationship. Publié sous la direction de Bruce E. KAUFMAN. Champaign Livres récents : Does «trickle dovm» work? Economic development strategies and job chains in local labour markets. Par Joseph PERSKY, Daniel FELSENSTEIN et Virginia CARLSON. Kalamazoo, W. E. Upjohn La mondialisation: Origines, développements et effets. Troisième édition. Publié sous la direction de James D. THWAITES The economics of sustainable development. Publié sous la direction de Sisay ASEFA. Kalamazoo, W. E. Upjohn Work behavior of the world's poor: Theory, evidence and policy. Par Mohammed SHARIF. Aldershot, Ashgate Workers and narratives of survival in Europe: The management of precariousness at the end of the twentieth century. Publié sous la direction de Angela PROCOLI Nouvelles publications du BIT : Cadre promotionnel pour la sécurité et la santé au travail. Conference internationale du Travail Nouvelles publications du BIT : Emploi des jeunes: les voies d'accès à un travail décent. Conference internationale du Travail Nouvelles publications du BIT : Le travail dans le secteur de la pêche. Conférence internationale du Travail, 93^e session, Rapport V(2A) Nouvelles publications du BIT : Reconciling work and family responsibilities: Practical ideas from global experience. Par Catherine HEIN. Genève Nouvelles publications du BIT : Une alliance mondiale contre le travail forcé. Rapport global en vertu du suivi de la Déclaration de l'OIT relative aux principes et droits fondamentaux au travail     

Hypnosis for pain management

Nurses are in a key position to learn and use hypnosis with patients to reduce pain and enhance self-esteem. However, most nurses lack knowledge about the clinical effectiveness of hypnosis and may seek continuing education to become skilled in its use. Painful procedures, treatments, or diseases remain a major nursing challenge, and nurses need complementary ways to relieve pain from surgery, tumors, injuries, and chemotherapy. This article examines the evidence base related to hypnosis for pain management, as well as how to assess and educate patients about hypnosis.     

Celebrating our past. The history of Hamilton Psychiatric Hospital.

1. There is a risk of losing important parts of our psychiatric nursing history as a result of the rapid rate of mental health reform and the closing or changing of governance of major psychiatric facilities. 2. Hamilton Psychiatric Hospital provided leadership in psychiatric nursing in Canada for more than a century and is now changing governance from being a provincial psychiatric hospital to part of a community general hospital. 3. The hospital's tradition includes nonrestrictive care policies that have been in place for more than a century, a humanistic approach to care, being the first facility in Canada to require theory-based nursing care from all nursing staff, innovative practice models, and achieving authorship or co-authorship from more than 17% of the RN staff.     

Tourette's syndrome

1. Tourette's syndrome is a disorder with a multitude of complex behavioral problems with major implications for social impairment and emotional pain. 2. The generic care plan anticipates the predictable management problems in adolescent patients. It offers nursing interventions, particularly structure, which is important in managing symptoms. 3. The treatment process is slow. The successful implementation requires consistent efforts from the nursing staff, treatment team, and family.     

Psychiatric nurses' attitudes toward and involvement in nursing research.

1. The three major blocks to clinical nursing research are lack of time, knowledge, and administrative support. 2. Positive attitudes toward nursing research were found to be related to nurses' advanced levels of education. 3. Two strategies to foster the development of research skills are inservice education classes and individualized guided learning experiences. 4. Two essential resources for staff who are expected to engage in clinical research activities are statistical consultation and clerical services.     

Quality of Life in Nursing Homes

Abstract

The Nursing Home Reform Act (NHRA) of 1987 established nursing home requirements and dually emphasized quality of care and quality of life outcomes. We researched elders' perceptions of quality of life in nursing homes using focus groups. Analysis revealed four major themes important to residents: generativity, spiritual well-being, homelike environment, and privacy. Themes were used to analyze the disparity between NHRA's goal of dual emphasis and the dominance of quality of care in the treatment of frail elders living in nursing homes. Policies and procedures must be developed that promote decisional control in everyday matters of an older person's life.     

Highlights from a Study of Abuse of Patients in Nursing Homes

This article reports some major findings from a random sample survey of nurses and nurses aides in 32 long-term care facilities. After defining key terms, we review the literature in an attempt to establish what is currently known about patient maltreatment in nursing homes. Next, data from the survey are presented to profile the staff and to describe difficulties in nursing home work. Findings on the extent and correlates of physical and psychological abuse of patients are then reported. The article concludes with recommendations to reduce abuse of patients.     

Chain reaction: an exploratory study of nursing home bankruptcy in California

This paper reports on an exploratory study of nursing home bankruptcy. From state and industry data regarding nearly 1,000 California facilities, it was possible to identify 155 homes in five chains (multi-facility organizations) that were operating in bankruptcy in 2000. When compared with facilities in non-bankrupt chains, while the bankrupt chain facilities had significantly worse financial liquidity, higher administrative costs, and higher payables to related parties, they also had more Medicare residents, fewer Medicaid residents, better solvency, and were located in less competitive county markets and in areas with higher Medicaid reimbursement rates. These findings indicate that, rather than facility characteristics and local market factors, strategic decisions taken at the corporate (chain) level are the major determinants of nursing facility bankruptcy status.     

The UK National Health Service's migration infrastructure in times of Brexit and COVID-19: Disjunctures,continuities and innovations

The COVID-19 pandemic and Brexit were separate yet inter-related developments which affected the British National Health Service (NHS). The UK's state-funded health sector had historically relied on migrant labour and depended on a migration infrastructure designed to solve its nursing labour shortages. The analysis of primary qualitative and secondary quantitative data shows that the NHS migration infrastructure increased its orientation towards Asia to compensate for the effects of Brexit. The paper reveals how the persistent use of temporary visas along with conditional contractual arrangements has led to various exclusions for migrant nurses and midwives. These data also demonstrate how international travel restrictions associated with COVID-19 created temporary obstacles for nurses' inflows. Alongside Brexit, this has also resulted in an increase in outflows amongst EU health workers. The article identifies the development of migrant support infrastructure amongst Filipino and Indian nurses as a major COVID-19 linked innovation.     

A federal survey deficiency citation is needed for resident-to-resident aggression in U.S. nursing homes

Resident-to-resident aggression (RRA) in nursing homes is a prevalent and concerning public health problem. A rapid growth in the number of research studies has led to advancements in understanding and awareness of these incidents. However, no state survey deficiency citation (F-Tag) currently exists to capture RRA in a structured way in the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services’ (CMS) nursing homes F-Tags Coding System. This omission represents a major barrier to State Survey Agencies, CMS, consumers, and care advocacy organizations’ efforts to keep vulnerable and frail residents safe and free from psychological harm. The commentary makes the case for development and implementation of a new RRA-specific F-Tag by identifying 20 problem areas and the ways in which this F-Tag could address them. The new F-Tags Coding System (part of the new Federal Nursing Home regulations) represents a rare and time-sensitive opportunity to bridge this major gap in practice, research, and policy.     

Chain Reaction

Abstract

This paper reports on an exploratory study of nursing home bankruptcy. From state and industry data regarding nearly 1,000 California facilities, it was possible to identify 155 homes in five chains (multi-facility organizations) that were operating in bankruptcy in 2000. When compared with facilities in non-bankrupt chains, while the bankrupt chain facilities had significantly worse financial liquidity, higher administrative costs, and higher payables to related parties, they also had more Medicare residents, fewer Medicaid residents, better solvency, and were located in less competitive county markets and in areas with higher Medicaid reimbursement rates. These findings indicate that, rather than facility characteristics and local market factors, strategic decisions taken at the corporate (chain) level are the major determinants of nursing facility bankruptcy status.     

The Importance of Personal Possessions for the Development of a Sense of Home of Nursing Home Residents

ABSTRACT

Personal possessions of nursing home residents can contribute to their sense of home. This study investigated which of the personal belongings were considered most important, and if these items indeed contributed to a sense of home. A qualitative research was conducted with 27 nursing home residents. Photographs, paintings, and pieces of furniture are objects with sentimental value. The television set is valued for its practical function. Residents of larger rooms have more flexibility in bringing along personal items, including pieces of furniture. The results of this study can be used for the design of nursing homes or for making informed choices during the process of institutionalization.