马克思主义新闻观党性立场的传承与创新

党性立场是马克思主义新闻观最重要、最根本的核心观点,习近平新闻舆论观中鲜明、坚定的党性立场一以贯之,继承发展了马克思主义、毛泽东思想及其新闻舆论观,是马克思主义新闻观中国化、时代化、大众化的最新成果和重大突破。本文系统梳理了马克思主义和毛泽东思想中的新闻观,从理论实践相结合的历史演进脉络探析了习近平新闻舆论观党性立场,同时回顾马克思主义新闻观主导的新闻事业在世界各国的探索,针对中国特色社会主义新闻舆论工作的特殊性和复杂性,阐述了习近平新闻舆论观党性立场的时代性、规律性和前瞻性,尝试总结习近平基于党性立场对党管媒体和导向的创新与发展。     

普适性制度公正原则与社会管理的有效性

转型期的中国社会是一个农业社会、工业社会和后工业社会并存的多元社会,包括经济领域在内的各种专业化领域的制度公正原则,纷纷试图成为指导一切社会生活的普适原则,这一倾向导致了对制度公正判定的分歧与冲突,从而出现了种种弊端,影响社会的和谐与稳定.建构普遍适用的制度公正原则,是提高社会管理成效、促进社会健康和谐发展的基本条件.可以把不同专业化领域的融合与合理的制度补偿作为建构的基本路向来建立以日常生活为基础的普适性制度公正原则.这一原则将成为克服制度不公、创新社会管理机制、提高社会管理效率的基本前提.     

论社会公正及政府对策

维护和实现社会公正是中国社会主义制度的本质要求,也是构建社会主义和谐社会的价值基础。伴随着现代化进程以及市场经济进程,我国在社会公正方面取得了一些进展。但就总体而言,社会公正的具体状况却不容乐观。因此,各级政府必须强化公正政策的公正导向,切实保障公民的基本权利,建立公正的利益表达机制、建构公正的社会矛盾调节机制。     

论社会公正及政府对策

维护和实现社会公正是中国社会主义制度的本质要求,也是构建社会主义和谐社会的价值基础。伴随着现代化进程以及市场经济进程,我国在社会公正方面取得了一些进展。但就总体而言,社会公正的具体状况却不容乐观。因此,各级政府必须强化公正政策的公正导向,切实保障公民的基本权利,建立公正的利益表达机制、建构公正的社会矛盾调节机制。     

责任与公正:低碳生活的道德原则

低碳生活道德观要求人们在日常生活中遵循责任、公正的道德原则,在处理人与自然的关系时要优先考虑环境保护因素,以促进人与自然的和谐发展。     

社会公正视野下的农民工社会保障

社会公正是社会保障的首要价值追求.随着改革开放的深入和社会经济、政治、文化的全面发展,我国在城市建立起了多层次的社会保障制度,但农民工却仍被排斥在这一制度之外.造成农民工社会保障缺失的原因主要有城乡二元户籍制度的阻隔、社会保障"地方分权"模式的分割体制和社会保险关系难以转移和续接等技术难题.建设社会主义和谐社会,必须逐步实现农民工市民化,进一步改革户籍管理制度,分类分层建立农民工的社会保障体系,使农民工充分享受社会发展的成果.     

社会正义观：生态社会主义的核心价值观

生态社会主义抓住社会正义问题并将其作为分析生态问题的重要方法论,揭示出生态问题的本质是社会正义问题,而资本主义制度的非正义性是产生全球生态危机的根源。将社会正义与生态正义结合起来,从政治正义、经济正义和文化正义等方面构建人与自然和谐以及人与社会和谐的公正的社会主义社会,才能最终解决人类面临的生态危机,走向公正社会。生态社会主义的社会正义价值观,虽然在一定程度上继承了马克思主义的公平正义理论,对认识生态问题的成因以及有效解决生态危机具有积极意义,但是其内在的理论缺陷,注定其与科学社会主义还相距甚远。     

建国以来马克思主义公平正义观中国化的历史进程及其基本经验

马克思主义公平正义观中国化是一个历史的过程。建国以来,以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民为核心的中央领导集体和以胡锦涛为总书记的中央领导集体把马克思主义公平正义观同中国的具体实践相结合,推进了马克思主义公平正义观的中国化,形成了新的理论成果,积累了宝贵的经验。     

突破社会公正的瓶颈(英文)

社会公正是和谐社会的本质和基石。由于种种原因,中国目前在社会公正方面存在的问题已经成为和谐社会建设的最大瓶颈。所以,有效地维护和促进社会公正,突破中国发展进程中社会公正的瓶颈,是和谐社会建设的关键。为此,必须做好这样几个方面的事情:将社会公正作为和谐社会建设的基本理念依据;改变几个流行的有害观念,主要包括:"原始积累不可避免","国家财力不足","重视公正便会妨碍效率";建立一个初级的社会公正保障体系;优化社会阶层结构。     

政治秩序·经济效率·社会公正——转型国家的社会公正及政府责任研究

在国家转型时期,经济效率虽然对社会公正也会造成某种负面影响,但它不是这一时期社会公正问题的唯一主要矛盾,在效率的因素之外还存在着非效率造成的社会不公。就是说,相对于发达国家而言,转型国家的政治秩序对经济效率和社会公正的影响非常重要。要解决转型期以非效率不公为主要特点的社会不公正问题,就要在认识到转型国家政治秩序的稳定要求与转型滞后的必然性的同时,积极推进政治体制主要是行政体制渐进变革,从而使政治秩序为经济效率和社会公正提供基本保障。在这一过程中,政府应该履行其重要责任。     

The Marxist View of Equity: Basic Dimensions and Methodological Principles

在社会公正问题的大讨论中﹐ 罗尔斯、诺齐克、哈耶克、麦金泰尔等当代西方思 想家的论述被反复引用和申说﹐ 而将马克思恩格斯等经典作家的观点置于一种被忽视 甚至被忘却的状态。形成这种状态的原因是多方面的。对历史背景和语境不作具体的 分析﹐就难以把握马克思恩格斯对于社会公正问题的真实态度和精神实质﹐ 甚至会 得出他们不仅没有关于社会公正的理论﹐ 而且反对和拒斥从社会公正角度讨论问题 的结论。马克思主义作为无产阶级认识和改造世界、求得自身解放和人类解放的世 界观和方法论﹐ 是真理与价值相统一的理论﹐ 也只有从科学向度与价值向度辩证统 一的角度﹐ 才可能对作为价值之一种表现的公正问题作出合理的理解。公正既是一 种价值观念﹐ 具有评价标准的功能﹐ 也是实际的价值(包括利益、机会、权利等)分 配的一种状态﹐ 其中会涉及自由与平等的矛盾、形式公正与实质公正的矛盾、一般 与特殊的差别、平等与效率的抵牾、公正与不公正的对立﹐ 等等﹐ 只有运用辩证思 维的方法﹐ 才能对其复杂性获得正确的认识。

关键词: 社会公正 公正观 价值立场

In the wide ranging discussion of social equity issues, the theories of contemporary Western thinkers such as Rawls, Nozick, Hayek and MacIntyre are repeatedly cited and expounded. By contrast, for various reasons, classical writers like Marx and Engels have been overlooked or even forgotten. Without a concrete analysis of their historical background and context, it is hard to grasp the true attitude and spiritual essence of the views of Marx and Engels on social equity. We might even conclude not only that they had no theory of social equity but that they opposed and rejected approaching questions from this angle. As a world view and methodology enabling the proletariat to know and transform the world and liberate themselves and mankind, Marxism is a theory that unites truth and value. A rational understanding of the issue of equity as an expression of value is only possible when the dimensions of science and value are dialectically combined. On the one hand, equity is a value concept that functions as a standard for evaluation; on the other, it refers to an actual state of values distribution (including interests, opportunities and rights) that inevitably involves the contradiction between freedom and equality and between formal and substantive equity, the difference between the general and the specific, the conflict between equality and efficiency, the opposition between equity and inequity and so on. Only a dialectical mode of thinking can ensure a correct understanding of the complexity of social equity issues.     

The Basic Principles and Value Dimensions of Achieving Distributive Justice through Social Institutions

人类社会需要借助社会制度的合理设计和安排实现分配正义的价值目标。以实现分配正义为价值目标的社会制度建设应该遵循机会平等原则、利益与责任同等分配原则、分配标准与程序合理原则、纠正不公原则等四个分配正义原则。在这些原则基础上建构的社会制度具有内在公正性,能够保证社会资源的分配达到公正。以社会制度建设保障分配正义具有重要的现实意义,有助于一个社会将个人追求分配正义的个体意向性整合为集体意向性,形成审视分配正义问题的社会视角,树立平等主义分配正义观,更有效地保护伸张分配正义的行为和惩罚破坏分配正义的行为,并维护和增进强势群体和弱势群体的分配利益。     

坚持公平正义对构建社会主义和谐社会的基础性意义

公平正义是社会和谐的基本条件。重视城乡和地区协调、分配制度改革和民生问题解决;重视财政体制、司法体制和行政管理体制改革,为实现公平正义提供组织制度保证。     

Economics of Radiation Protection: Equity Considerations

In order to implement cost-benefit analysis of protective actions to reduce radiological exposures, one needs to attribute a monetary value to the avoided exposure. Recently, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has stressed the need to take into consideration not only the collective exposure to ionising radiation but also its dispersion in the population. In this paper, by using some well known and some recent results in the economics of uncertainty, we discuss how to integrate these recommendations in the valuation of the benefit of protection.     

论自然的历史观与历史的历史观

实践哲学是以人类行动为题域的哲学,在其进展中,从以政治、伦理为主题到以道德、历史为主题,再到以存在为主题,实践哲学逐步把自身作为一种历史哲学的意蕴开展出来;与此同时,它也把实践哲学的基本问题——世界所是与生命所是的关系明确下来。实践哲学的开展本质上是围绕这一基本问题而进行的,与此交织的是自然的历史观与历史的历史观,前者属于无人身的存在论,后者则属于无自然的人类学。它们共同构成了实践哲学基本问题的问题性。从这样一种视角来把握西方实践哲学,可以看到,实践哲学将以一种更高的形式走出人类学,回归存在论。     

Education for the Group Worker's Reality: The Special Qualities and World View of Those Drawn to Work with Groups

SUMMARY

Within the social work profession, one's world view, one's beliefs and values based on one's experiences, strongly influences one's practice and comfort with groups. This paper will examine some of the different ways of viewing the world held by practitioners and students in relation to the likelihood that they will be able to work effectively with groups. Such examination, and the identification of the differences among social workers that results from it has implications for both teaching and supervision in social work. These implications will be discussed and specific principles and techniques for teaching social workers, in education and in supervision, based on their world views will be described. This paper aims to enrich education for group work so that the community of social group work practitioners can grow and continue to thrive.     

Points of View, Social Positioning and Intercultural Relations

The challenge of intercultural relations has become an important issue in many societies. In spite of the claimed value of intercultural diversity, successful outcomes as predicted by the contact hypothesis are but one possibility; on occasions intercultural contact leads to intolerance and hostility. Research has documented that one key mediator of contact is perspective taking. Differences in perspective are significant in shaping perceptions of contact and reactions to it. The ability to take the perspective of the other and to understand it in its own terms is a necessary condition for successful intergroup outcomes. This paper sheds light on the processes involved in intercultural perspective taking by elaborating the notion of the point of view based on social representations theory. The point of view provides a theory of social positioning that can analyse cultural encounters between social actors, and identify the conditions for positive relations. Insights are drawn from a study of public views on the relative merits of science and religion, following a documentary by Richard Dawkins in which it was suggested that religion is a source of evil. The findings demonstrate that the point of view may be categorised according to a three-way taxonomy according to the extent to which it is open to another perspective. A point of view may be monological—closed to another's perspective entirely, dialogical—open to the possibility of another perspective while maintaining some percepts as unchallengeable, or metalogical—open to another's perspective based on the other's frame of reference.     

论李贽的德才观及其社会哲学意蕴

德才观是李贽思想体系中一个非常重要的部分。李贽贬抑德性,强调才智因素的社会价值,从而大大提升了才智的价值地位。这种重才轻德的德才观,是对儒家德才观的偏离,其背后隐藏的是李贽对儒家秩序取向社会哲学的质疑。     

The Governance of Higher Education According to the Marxist View of Fairness

According to Marxism, fairness or equity is concrete, evolving, and practice-based, and has as its ultimate aim the realization of the full and free development of man. Xi Jinping Thought on Fairness and Justice underscores governing the country according to law, improving work styles, innovating the social governance model, and making social welfare and people's full and free development the point of departure and ultimate goal, in a fresh development of the Marxist approach to equity in the contemporary era. Guided by this approach, Chinese higher education institutions should break free of the traditional regimen, shifting the governance structure from bureaucratic management to shared governance and from the traditional rule of man to the rule of law. Through institutional measures and observance of the basic laws of higher education development, we can build a new type of collaborative relationship among governments, institutions of higher learning, academics and students, and society as a whole. In this way, all participants will find their proper place and realize their full potential, thus activating and enhancing the innovative capacity of higher education. Only thus will higher education institutions be able to modernize their governance systems and capacity.     

《史记》人物传记叙事视角模式

从叙事学的角度阐释《史记》人物传记的叙事视角模式看 ,《史记》在总体上采用全知视角 ,局部采用限知视角丰富叙事层面 ;而以“太史公曰”形式出现的第一人称限知视角 ,不仅开创了“叙中夹评”的传统 ,而且开创了“多元视角”的叙事观念